scholarly journals Corpus Luteum Morphology and Vascularization Assessed by Transvaginal Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Ultrasound

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
JM Bajo ◽  
B Gómez ◽  
P Álvarez ◽  
V Engels ◽  
A Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided Analysis

Abstract Background Our aim was to describe the corpus luteum morphology by two-dimensional ultrasound correlated by its vascularization and volume by 3D ultrasound and study the possible relationship between serum progesterone levels and the corpus luteum morphology. Methods Thirty-eight women were included in an intrauterine insemination program (IUI) in Santa Cristina University's Hospital. All the patients were evaluated in mesoluteal phase, the day +7 after hCG administration, by two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound. The volume and vascular indices of the corpus luteum were calculated off-line using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCALTM) software. Results Four different morphologies were described in the corpus luteum: echo-positive, echo-negative or sonoluscent, mixed echogenicity or nonvisible. Corpus luteum with mixed echogenicity was the most frequent one with 37.5% (12 cases). The corpus luteum vascular indices change in each morphology type, but there was statistically significant association just in vascularization index between echo-negative and mixed echogenicity corpus luteum morphologies, with p = 0.034. The rest of vascular indices do not change in each morphology corpus luteum types. There was statistically significant difference in mean gray value between echo-negative and mixed echogenicity morphologies, with p = 0.007. There were no statistically significant correlations between the corpus luteum morphology and the corpus luteum volume of any of the different types. There either was no statistically significant correlation between the corpus luteum morphology and progesterone serum levels on day +7 postovulation. Conclusions The mixed echogenicity corpus luteum morphology has more vessels and more cell mass than echo-negative ones. Progesterone serum levels in mid-luteal phase has no influence in corpus luteum morphology and vascularization.

Three-dimensional stability analysis for a salt-finger convecting layer

2018 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 636-653
Author(s):  
Ting-Yueh Chang ◽  
Falin Chen ◽  
Min-Hsing Chang
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Mode ◽  
Transverse Mode ◽  
Solute Diffusion ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Grashof Number ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mode A

A three-dimensional linear stability analysis is carried out for a convecting layer in which both the temperature and solute distributions are linear in the horizontal direction. The three-dimensional results show that, for $Le=3$ and 100, the most unstable mode occurs invariably as the longitudinal mode, a vortex roll with its axis perpendicular to the longitudinal plane, suggesting that the two-dimensional results are sufficient to illustrate the stability characteristics of the convecting layer. Two-dimensional results show that the stability boundaries of the transverse mode (a vortex roll with its axis perpendicular to the transverse plane) and the longitudinal modes are virtually overlapped in the regime dominated by thermal diffusion and the regime dominated by solute diffusion, while these two modes hold a significant difference in the regime the salt-finger instability prevails. More precisely, the instability area in terms of thermal Grashof number $Gr$ and solute Grashof number $Gs$ is larger for the longitudinal mode than the transverse mode, implying that, under any circumstance, the longitudinal mode is always more unstable than the transverse mode.

scholarly journals The Biomechanics of Erections: Modeling the Penis as a One-Comparment Pressurized Vessel vs. Modeling it as a Two-Compartments Pressurized Vessel

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohamed ◽  
A. Erdman ◽  
G. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Previous biomechanical models of the penis that have attempted to simulate penile erections have either been limited to two-dimensional geometry, simplified three-dimensional geometry or made inaccurate assumptions altogether. Most models designed the shaft of the penis as a one-compartment pressurized vessel fixed at one end, when in reality it is a two-compartments pressurized vessel, in which the compartments diverge as they enter the body and are fixed at two separate points. This study began by designing simplified two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the erect penis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods with varying anatomical considerations for analyzing structural stresses, axial buckling and lateral deformation. The study then validated the results by building physical models replicating the computer models. Finally a more complex and anatomically accurate model of the penis was designed and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the peak von-Mises stress distribution between the one-compartment pressurized vessel and the more anatomically correct two-compartments pressurized vessel. Furthermore, the two-compartments diverging pressurized vessel was found to have more structural integrity when subject to external lateral forces than the one-compartment pressurized vessel. This study suggests that Mother Nature has favored an anatomy of two corporal cavernosal bodies separated by a perforated septum as opposed to one corporal body, due to better structural integrity of the tunica albuginea when subject to external forces.

scholarly journals Difference in glenoid retroversion between two-dimensional axial computed tomography and three-dimensional reconstructed images

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Hyungsuk Kim ◽  
Chang Hyun Yoo ◽  
Soo Bin Park ◽  
Hyun Seok Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Body Axis ◽  
Reconstructed Image ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Glenoid Version ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scapular Body

Background: The glenoid version of the shoulder joint correlates with the stability of the glenohumeral joint and the clinical results of total shoulder arthroplasty. We sought to analyze and compare the glenoid version measured by traditional axial two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images at different levels.Methods: A total of 30 cases, including 15 male and 15 female patients, who underwent 3D shoulder CT imaging was randomly selected and matched by sex consecutively at one hospital. The angular difference between the scapular body axis and 2D CT slice axis was measured. The glenoid version was assessed at three levels (midpoint, upper one-third, and center of the lower circle of the glenoid) using Friedman’s method in the axial plane with 2D CT images and at the same level of three different transverse planes using a 3D reconstructed image. Results: The mean difference between the scapular body axis on the 3D reconstructed image and the 2D CT slice axis was 38.4°. At the level of the midpoint of the glenoid, the measurements were 1.7° ± 4.9° on the 2D CT images and −1.8° ± 4.1° in the 3D reconstructed image. At the level of the center of the lower circle, the measurements were 2.7° ± 5.2° on the 2D CT images and −0.5° ± 4.8° in the 3D reconstructed image. A statistically significant difference was found between the 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at all three levels. Conclusions: The glenoid version is measured differently between axial 2D CT and 3D reconstructed images at three levels. Use of 3D reconstructed imaging can provide a more accurate glenoid version profile relative to 2D CT. The glenoid version is measured differently at different levels.

39 Concentration of obestatin in different stages of ovarian activity in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
J. F. Torres-Simental ◽  
S. Romo-Garcia ◽  
A. L. Munguia-Ramirez ◽  
P. Luna-Nevarez
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Linear Transducer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of the present study was to measure serum levels of obestatin by ELISA with the purpose of establishing parameters and being able to use it as an endocrine marker for the selection of reproductive characteristics of milk and beef cattle. In test 1, 15 Creole cows with genetic tendencies of Charolais, Angus, Brangus, and Gelbvieh were sampled in diestrus and 15 in proestrus, determining their structures with an Aloka Prosound ultrasound with a 7.5-MHz linear transducer. In test 2, 16 Holstein cows were sampled in 2 different ovarian stages, diestrus and proestrus. The standardized technique was a bovine obestatin 96-well ELISA kit from My Biosource Inc. The data were analysed by measuring central tendency and linear regression, where the average levels of obestatin were related to the corpus luteum size and size and number of follicles in milk and beef cattle. We found average levels of 556.99 and 453.35 pg for beef and dairy cattle, respectively (P<0.05). We also found a significant difference (P<0.05) in obestatin concentrations depending on the size of the follicles (751.74, 615.33, and 357.39 pg for follicles of 15, 10, and 5mm, respectively). We found a significant difference in concentration of obestatin (644.53, 550.69, and 455.88 pg; P<0.05) for corpus luteum sizes of >20mm, 10–20mm, and <10mm, respectively. In dairy cattle, obestatin levels were also evaluated at different stages of the cycle, and we found concentrations of 414.79 pg in diestrus and 530.48 pg in proestrus (P<0.05). We conclude that obestatin concentration is positively associated with a greater number and size of follicles as well as with larger corpus luteum because its effect on cell proliferation interacting positively with high levels of progesterone in the blood. We found higher concentrations in beef cattle than in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Circulating Levels of Allopregnanolone in Humans: Gender, Age, and Endocrine Influences

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 2099-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Genazzani ◽  
F. Petraglia ◽  
F. Bernardi ◽  
E. Casarosa ◽  
C. Salvestroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fertile Women

Allopregnanolone is a neuroactive steroid involved in modulating behavioral functions, stress, and neuroendocrine axes in rats. Changes in plasma allopregnanolone levels throughout the menstrual cycle have been reported in healthy women, but there exists no information on the possible gender or age-related changes or on the source(s) of circulating allopregnanolone. The aim of the present study was to assess serum allopregnanolone concentrations according to gender, menstrual cycle, age, and menopause in normal men and women; serum progesterone (P) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were evaluated in the same specimens. In addition, the possible source of circulating allopregnanolone in fertile women was investigated by using stimulatory and inhibitory endocrine tests acting on the ovary and/or adrenal cortex. The present study included 189 fertile women, 112 postmenopausal women, and 46 men. Serum steroid levels were determined after extraction, using specific RIAs. Allopregnanolone levels in fertile women in the follicular phase were similar to those in age-matched men; no significant difference was found between fertile women in the follicular phase and postmenopausal women. The highest levels were found in fertile women during the luteal phase (P< 0.01). An age-related decrease was observed in men (P < 0.01), but not in women. P and DHEA levels were significantly higher in women than in men and were higher in fertile women than in postmenopausal women (P < 0.01). Both P and DHEA showed an age-related decrease in men and women (P < 0.01). Serum allopregnanolone and P, but not DHEA, significantly increased in response to a GnRH test, whereas corticotropin-releasing factor and ACTH tests elicited a significant increase in allopregnanolone, P, and DHEA levels (P < 0.01). The suppression of adrenal steroidogenesis by dexamethasone markedly reduced both allopregnanolone and DHEA serum levels (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that although men show an age-related decrease, serum allopregnanolone levels in women do not change with age and correlate with P levels during the menstrual cycle and in response to endocrine tests. Ovary and adrenal cortex may be major sources of circulating allopregnanolone in fertile women.

scholarly journals Impact of Training on Three-Dimensional versus Two-Dimensional Laparoscopic Systems on Acquisition of Laparoscopic Skills in Novices: A Prospective Comparative Pilot Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser A. Noureldin ◽  
Ana Stoica ◽  
Pepa Kaneva ◽  
Sero Andonian
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
2D Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Knot Tying ◽  
Laparoscopic Skills ◽  
Assessment Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intracorporeal Knot Tying ◽  
2D And 3D

In this prospective educational study, 10 medical students (novices) were randomized to practice two basic laparoscopic tasks from the MISTELS program, namely, Pegboard Transfer (PT) and Intracorporeal Knot Tying (IKT) tasks, using either a 2D or a 3D laparoscopic platform. There was no significant difference between both groups in the baseline assessments (PT task: 130.8 ± 18.7 versus 151.5 ± 33.4; p=0.35) (IKT task: 123.9 ± 41.0 versus 122.9 ± 44.9; p=0.986). Following two training sessions, there was a significant increase in the scores of PT task for the 2D (130.8 ± 18.7 versus 222.6 ± 7.0; p = 0.0004) and the 3D groups (151.5 ± 33.4 versus 211.7 ± 16.2; p = 0.0001). Similarly, there was a significant increase in the scores of IKT task for the 2D (123.9 ± 41.0 versus 373.3 ± 47.2; p = 0.003) and the 3D groups (122.9 ± 44.9 versus 338.8 ± 28.6; p = 0.0005). However, there was no significant difference in the final assessment scores between 2D and 3D groups for both tasks (p > 0.05). Therefore, 3D laparoscopic systems do not provide an advantage over 2D systems for training novices in basic laparoscopic skills.

Node Deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks in Long Narrow Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 128-129 ◽  
pp. 648-651
Author(s):  
Xu Guang Sun ◽  
Jing Sha He ◽  
Ming Xin Yang ◽  
Xiao Ling Sun
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Node Deployment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Narrow Area ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In this paper, we study the node deployment in long narrow area of wireless sensor networks. Currently, studies on node deployment of wireless sensor networks mostly concentrated in two-dimensional flat area and three-dimensional space area which are complicated or inapplicable for long narrow area. The significant difference of node deployment between long narrow area and two-dimensional area is that the nodes in two-dimensional monitored area can be deployed anywhere, while the nodes in long narrow area can only be deployed by side with the environmental constraints. Considering the coverage, connectivity and reliability, we give out the densities and numbers of needed nodes in node deployment scheme for both 1-connected cover and k-connected cover in long narrow area covered completely by sensor networks.

scholarly journals HDlive in the Assessment of Fetal Intracranial, Intrathoracic and Intra-abdominal Anomalies

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Hata
Keyword(s):  
Obstet Gynecol ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cystic Lesions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Inversion Mode ◽  
Innovative Tool

ABSTRACT We present a series of images of different fetal intracranial, intrathoracic and intra-abdominal anomalies reconstructed using HDlive. It is a novel three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound modality that can provide the operator with naturally realistic features of any fetal anomalies. HDlive and its inversion mode are applied in several cases and two-dimensional (2D) sonographic images of different anomalies are also presented clearly to compare the advantages of HDlive in this article. This review focuses on the role of HDlive in the presence of such anomalies. HDlive should be a very useful aid in adjunct to other ultrasound modalities, specifically in cases that warrant detailed information. It can also be useful for the antenatal surveillance of anomalies, such as cystic lesions that may progress to complications. This innovative tool offers many promising advantages in clinical practice and future research on fetal anomalies. How to cite this article Cajusay-Velasco S, Hata T. HDlive in the Assessment of Fetal Intracranial, Intrathoracic and Intraabdominal Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(4):362-375.

Unsteady flow of gas at high pressure into a closed volume filled with liquid

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Maksim V. Alekseev ◽  
Ivan S. Vozhakov ◽  
Sergey I. Lezhnin
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water System ◽  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Closed Volume ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Within the framework of 2D (two-dimensional, axisymmetric) and 3D (three-dimensional) formulations of the problem, this article presents a numerical simulation of the process of gas outflow under pressure into a closed container partially filled with liquid. The authors have performed the numerical modeling using the open platform OpenFOAM with the help of a solver based on the method of liquid volumes (VOF method) with a standard k-e turbulence model. A comparison is made with the one-dimensional (1D) asymptotic model, in which the oscillations of the fluid as a whole are determined by the enthalpy balance. A numerical study of the evolution of pressure during gas outflow is carried out. The results show that the physical properties of the fluid used affect the amplitude and frequency of the pulsations. The modeling has shown that gas flows into water in the form of a jet, and a projectile forms in liquid lead near the hole through which it flows out. The significant influence of three-dimensional effects on the evolution of gas outflow into liquid is demonstrated. Satisfactory agreement was obtained for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional calculations and the results obtained using the asymptotic model. For the “gas — water” system, the results of calculations by the asymptotic model give a significant difference from the results of numerical calculations.

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