Groundwater Nitrate Pollution Sources Assessment for Contaminated Wellfield

Nitrates are one of the most common groundwater contaminants and they come from different sources. The paper presents a study of groundwater quality at Varaždin wellfield in the north part of Croatia. The nitrate concentration at this location has been above the maximum allowed concentration for several decades, which has made the opening of new wellfields costly. Based on the previously developed groundwater flow model, a model that covers the narrow area of the wellfield is developed. The influential zone of the observed wellfield in working conditions is determined. Based on the developed model, the sources of nitrate pollution are located, which can be generally divided into non-point and point sources. Considering the time of groundwater retention in the horizontal flow, it is concluded that the water protection zones are marked following the applicable ordinance. Based on the developed groundwater flow model at the observed wellfield, a simulation of nitrate pollution propagation by advection and dispersion processes is performed. The simulation results point out the location of the poultry landfill as the largest source of nitrate pollution. However, poultry farms, which are located in the influence area of the wellfield, also contribute significantly to the nitrate concentration at the wellfield.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of the Popijač’s Yellow Sally, Isoperla popijaci sp. nov., a new stenoendemic stonefly species from Croatia (Plecoptera, Perlodidae)

A new species of the Yellow Sally genus (Isoperla Banks, 1906) is described, based on morphological (males and females adults, larval and egg) and molecular (the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI)) features. Popijač’s Yellow Sally, I. popijaci Hlebec & Sivec, sp. nov. inhabits two karstic sources of the Krasulja rivulet in Croatia. Male and female of the new species are characterised by colouration patterns of the head and pronotum; the dimensions of the female subgenital plate; the medial penial armature and oval-shaped egg without collar and anchor. The larvae differ from their congeners by the uniquely coloured head and pronotum. Based on morphological characteristics I. popijacisp. nov. belongs to the I. tripartita species group. Phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships were reconstructed using three methods of phylogenetic inference and three species delimitation methods. As I. popijacisp. nov. occurs at a narrow area of the Krasulja rivulet in Krbava field, the study puts emphasis on the conservation and hotspot importance of the temporary rivers in the Dinaric karst. Furthermore, the study accentuates the necessity for further research on the genetic diversity of Plecoptera in Croatia.

Rediscovery of Oocephalus foliosus (Hyptidinae—Lamiaceae): notes on taxonomy and conservation of a species endemic to the campo rupestre of Central Brazil

Oocephalus foliosus was described in the first half of 19th century, based on a collection from central Goiás state, Brazil, being collected again only three times in surrounding areas. Although this species seems to be rare and endemic to a narrow area, it has never been listed on any threatened list or had its conservation status assessed. Recently, we recorded a small population of O. foliosus in the Pireneus peak, an area of campo rupestre located in the municipality of Pirenópolis, Goiás, allowing us to improve the species description, assess its extinction risk and comment on its taxonomy. Also, a second step lectotypification was needed to the species and is here proposed.

Sistem Monitoring Konversi Wifi-RSSI Menjadi Jarak Antar Device dan Router Menggunakan Node-Red Pada Pengembangan Sistem Navigasi Dalam Ruang

A global positioning system (GPS) is often used as a tool for determining direction and positioning. However, GPS is weak in estimating the error, which is quite large at the actual distance, so positioning in a narrow area cannot work well. Therefore, a better method is needed to be used as a narrow-navigation system. This study aimed to determine whether RSSI has a better error than GPS for navigation devices in a narrow space or area. The method used was plotting graphs using Ms. Excel and determining the value of R square. The RSSI value was obtained through the Esp8266 device and then sent to the server via the MQTT protocol and converted using Node-Red on the Raspberry Pi. The comparison results of the Esp8266 device RSSI graph match the Laptop RSSI device as a reference. The match between the relative distance to the RSSI with the actual distance shows a 3.3-33% error. This result is considered much better than the GPS error.

Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Spread of Mega-Drought: Setting Forecast and Warning Criteria

In South Korea, drought disasters frequently occur due to the narrow area of the river basin and the concentration of rainfall in summer. In addition, climate change caused extreme droughts in 2015, levels that had never been experienced before. Thus, more severe droughts are expected in the future. To date, however, no countermeasures, such as preliminary warning standards for severe drought, have been prepared. In this study, we analyzed the degree of spatio-temporal spread of mega-drought entry situations and prepared the criteria for warnings based on the results. The results of the study can be used as basic data to prepare standards for responding to possible extreme droughts in the future.

Microfluidic Bioreactor Made of Cyclo-Olefin Polymer for Observing On-Chip Platelet Production

We previously proposed a microfluidic bioreactor with glass–Si–glass layers to evaluate the effect of the fluid force on platelet (PLT) production and fabricated a three-dimensional (3D) microchannel by combining grayscale photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. However, a challenge remains in observing the detailed process of PLT production owing to the low visibility of the microfluidic bioreactor. In this paper, we present a transparent microfluidic bioreactor made of cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) with which to observe the process of platelet-like particle (PLP) production under a bright-field, which allows us to obtain image data at a high sampling rate. We succeeded in fabricating the COP microfluidic bioreactor with a 3D microchannel. We investigated the bonding strength of COP-COP layers and confirmed the effectiveness of the microfluidic bioreactor. Results of on-chip PLP production using immortalized megakaryocyte cell lines (imMKCLs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells show that the average total number of produced PLPs per imMKCL was 17.6 PLPs/imMKCL, which is comparable to that of our previous glass–Si–glass microfluidic bioreactor (17.4 PLPs/imMKCL). We succeeded in observing PLP production under a bright-field using the presented microfluidic bioreactor and confirmed that PLP fragmented in a narrow area of proplatelet-like protrusions.

Design of vertical fisherman village in Penjaringan with sustainable development concept

Indonesia is known as an archipelago state that has more than 17,000 islands with a coastline of more than 81,000 kilometers. Therefore, the economic life of the Indonesian nation is largely centered on the coastal areas. Population growth along the coastline has resulted in fishermen choosing to live close to their source of life and building their economy there. Rapid population growth, and the scarcity of available residential land resulted in fishermen building denser settlements, expanding towards the sea and ultimately giving the impression of slums along the coast. It is felt that vertical settlements (flats) will provide solutions to problems in the conditions of these slum settlements. The effort to rejuvenate the fishing village in Penjaringan Village is the topic of this research with the limited vertical settlement approach, which takes into account: behavior patterns, habits, activities and daily needs of fishermen. A vertical development with a limited height is also seen as fulfilling the concept of sustainable development, where all fishing activities can be accommodated on a narrow area of land and do not sacrifice too much open land which is already small in the coastal area. In addition, fishermen’s life and cooperation between them can be facilitated by carrying out a compact upward design. This is one solution that will differentiate this fishing village from other settlements. This development is declared successful if all the goals that have been set together can be achieved and bring benefits to the group of residents.

Non-Equilibrium Crystallization of Monotectic Zn-25%Bi Alloy under 600 g

This study investigated the influence of supergravity on the segregation of components in the Zn–Bi monotectic system and consequently, the creation of an interface of the separation zone of both phases. The observation showed that near the separation boundary, in a very narrow area of the order of several hundred microns, all types of structures characteristic for the concentration range from 0 to 100% bismuth occurred. An additional effect of crystallization in high gravity is a high degree of structural order and an almost perfectly flat separation boundary. This is the case for both the zinc-rich zone and the bismuth-rich zone. Texture analysis revealed the existence of two privileged orientations in the zinc zone. Gravitational segregation also resulted in a strong rearrangement of the heavier bismuth to the outer end of the sample, leaving only very fine precipitates in the zinc region. For comparison, the results obtained for the crystallization under normal gravity are given. The effect of high orderliness of the structure was then absent. Despite segregation, a significant part of bismuth remained in the form of precipitates in the zinc matrix, and the separation border was shaped like a lens. The described method can be used for the production of massive bimaterials with a directed orientation of both components and a flat interface between them, such as thermo-generator elements or bimetallic electric cell parts, where the parameters (thickness) of the junction can be precisely defined at the manufacturing stage.

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat BUDISDAMBER (Budidaya Ikan dan Sayur Dalam Ember) RT 08 RW X Kelurahan Kembangarum Kecamatan Semarang Barat

Secara umum warga RT 08 RW X Kelurahan Kembangarum Kecamatan Semarang Barat Kota Semarang berjumlah 40 (empat puluh) Kepala Keluarga. Sebagian besar warga bermata pencaharian sebagai buruh. Dimasa pandemi seperi ini perekonomian warga menjadi sangat memprihatinkan, banyak pabrik-pabrik/industri/tempat bekerja warga mengalami kerugian yang akibatnya beberapa warga kena PHK. Sementara kebutuhan pangan setiap hari untuk keluarga harus terpenuhi. Kegiatan pendampingan warga dimasa pandemic seperti ini sangatlah dibutuhkan dan sangat membantu warga. Pendampingan merupakan salah satu pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan kata lain kegiatan yang mengikutsertakan warga dalam mengembangkan potensi yang ada di lingkungan warga, selain itu bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan warga dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan warga. Dalam pendampingan ini kami bertugas sebagai pembimbing, perencana, pemotivasi, sumber informasi, penghubung, fasilitator sekaligus sebagai evaluator. Metode pendampingan ini melalui beberapa tahap, yaitu sosialisasi program, pemaparan materi tentang ketahanan pangan, materi tentang system Budisdamber dan diakhiri dengan evaluasi. Target dari kegiatan ini adalah terciptanya ketahanan pangan secara mandiri, bertambahnya pengetahuan tentang sistem Budisdamber yaitu budidaya ikan dan sayur dalam ember yang dapat dilakukan di lahan yang sempit. Dari hasil post test yang telah diisi oleh bapak/ibu peserta yang mendapatkan amanah untuk memelihara ikan dan sayur, tingkat pemahaman tentang ketahanan pangan sebesar 68.13% dan tingkat pemahaman tentang system budidaya ikan dan sayur dalam ember sebesar 57.50%. kesimpulan yang diambil bahwa warga sudah dapat mengaplikasikan pengetahuan ini sebagai bekal ketahanan pangan dengan memanfaatkan lahan sempitnya.In general, the residents of RT. 08 RW. X Kembangarum Village, West Semarang District, Semarang City, totaling 40 (forty) heads of families. Most of the residents work as laborers. During a pandemic like this, the economy of the people is very worrying, many factories / industries / workplaces of residents suffer losses, as a result some residents are laid off. Meanwhile, the daily food needs for the family must be fulfilled. Community assistance activities during a pandemic like this are very much needed and very helpful for residents. Assistance is one of community empowerment in other words, an activity that involves residents in developing the potential that exists in the community, besides that it aims to increase citizen knowledge and improve the welfare of residents. In this assistance, we serve as mentors, planners, motivators, sources of information, liaisons, facilitators as well as evaluators. This mentoring method takes several stages, namely program socialization, presentation of material on food security, material on the Budisdamber system and ending with an evaluation. The target of this activity is the creation of independent food security, increased knowledge of the Budisdamber system, namely the cultivation of fish and vegetables in buckets that can be done in a narrow area. From the results of the post tests that have been filled in by the participating fathers / mothers who received the mandate to raise fish and vegetables, the level of understanding of food security was 68.13% and the level of understanding of the fish and vegetable cultivation system in buckets was 57.50%. The conclusion was drawn that the residents were able to apply this knowledge as a provision for food security by utilizing their narrow land.