scholarly journals Analysis of Tumor Marker CA 125 in Saliva of Normal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Comparative Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jude J Balan ◽  
BR Premalatha
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Background The mortality and morbidity associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be greatly reduced if tumor markers which can detect OSCC at an early stage are available. The use of saliva as an alternative to blood could provide a substantial advantage in sampling convenience. Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a tumor-associated antigen found to be increased in epithelial tumors like oral, breast and ovarian cancers. Aim To determine whether salivary CA 125 levels are increased significantly in OSCC patients than the control group. Materials and methods Sixty OSCC patients and 60 healthy controls were taken for the study. Saliva samples from both the groups were collected, centrifuged and supernatant fluid were subjected to ELISA for assessment of CA 125. The mean salivary CA 125 values of OSCC patients and control group were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The mean salivary CA 125 concentration of OSCC group was 320.25 and that of control group was 33.14. Thus, CA 125 was found to be significantly increased in the saliva of OSCC patients than the control group (p < 0.001). Also, there was significant increase in the CA 125 levels as the stage of OSCC increased. Conclusion The convenience, reliability and noninvasive nature of salivary CA 125 testing makes it a feasible adjunctive diagnostic tool for detection of OSCC. How to cite this article Balan JJ, Rao RS, Premalatha BR, Patil S. Analysis of Tumor Marker CA 125 in Saliva of Normal and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):671-675.

scholarly journals Oncofetal Protein CR-1 in a new clinical role: a potential tumor marker for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jain Anu ◽  
Mallupattu Sumanth Kumar ◽  
Thakur Reetu ◽  
Mohindra Satyawati ◽  
Bal Amanjit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Clinical Role

AbstractPURPOSECR-1 (CR-1) is an oncofetal protein with its role as a key factor in early process of carcinoma has been evaluated in cases of various cancers. However, very few studies have reported its role in oral cancers, which is the sixth most common cancer around the world, particularly with high prevalence in developing countries. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most predominant (90%) of all the histological types of oral cancer. Late detection, associated with increased morbidity and mortality, is mainly attributed to non-availability of a suitable biomarker for the disease. In the present pilot study we have evaluated the role of soluble CR-1, in serum as a potential tumor marker for OSCC.METHODSCR-1 was estimated using sandwich ELISA in serum samples of 50 biopsy proven OSCC patients (pre and post treatment) along with age and gender matched healthy controls. Immunohistochemistry was also done in corresponding tumor tissue sections to check the expression of CR-1.RESULTSPre-treatment CR-1 was found to be 2.25 fold higher in serum of OSCC patients as compared to control (p<0.0001***), which was reduced to 1.6 folds post treatment (p=0.0006***). CR-1 levels were comparatively higher in early stage of disease. Upon IHC 80% of the cases were found to be positive for CR-1.CONCLUSIONThis study provides evidence that serum levels of CR-1 are elevated in patients of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, which decrease post treatment. Also, the association of expression of protein with tumor progression predicts CR-1 as a molecule that can be further evaluated as a potential tumor maker in OSCC.

Expression of Myofibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 857-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Khan ◽  
B Vikas Prasad ◽  
Gauri S Kakatkar ◽  
Preet Jain ◽  
Meetu Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Index Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Staining Index ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of malignancy affecting the orafacial region and with a high mortality rate. The fact that stroma of the tumor modulates and facilitates the progression and metastasis of the malignancy has been shown in the past studies. The cells of the activated stroma that are responsible for the progression and metastasis of the tumor are the fibroblasts having smooth muscle properties. These myofibroblasts are said to secrete numerous inflammatory mediators and factors which are said to play a crucial role in tumor progression. Therefore, we evaluated the presence of myofibroblasts in OSCC, by immunohistochemistry using alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) antibody. Materials and methods We evaluated a total of 50 biopsy specimens from the archives of the oral pathology, where 20 specimens out of 50 were of well-differentiated OSCC (WDOSCC), 20 were of poorly differentiated OSCC (PDOSCC), and 10 were of normal healthy controls. All the specimens were stained by immunohistochemically using with monoclonal antihuman α-SMA. Etemad-Moghadam et al method was used for assessing the myofibroblast distribution. Staining index was evaluated for the groups and compared. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results The mean percentage of myofibroblasts score for WDOSCC and PDOSCC were 2.88 and 2.92 respectively. The mean staining intensity score in WDOSCC and PDOSCC were 2.88 and 2.55 respectively. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the final staining index score between the OSCC group and normal control group. No significant correlation could be obtained while comparing the mean staining index score in between WDOSCC and PDOSCC. Conclusion Malignant epithelium might induce the adjacent stromal tissue to produce myofibroblasts. These specialized cells may be utilized as therapeutic targets for the treatment of OSCC. Clinical significance Proliferation of myofibroblasts may be used as a stromal marker of premalignancy and malignancy. How to cite this article Prasad BV, Kakatkar GS, Jain P, Jain M, Patel M, Khan J. Expression of Myofibroblasts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):857-860.

scholarly journals Estimation of Total and Lipid Bound Sialic acid in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1426-1431
Author(s):  
Archana Sonone ◽  
Alka Hande ◽  
Madhuri Gawande ◽  
Swati Patil
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Oral Leukoplakia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Sialic Acid

Tumour markers are biochemical substances released through tumour cells. They are considered as the rationale or consequence of the carcinogenesis process.  Neoplasms often have an increased concentration of sialic acid on the tumour cell surface and are shed or secreted by some of these cells, which increase the concentration in blood.  To determine serum levels of total sialic acid (TSA), lipid-bound sialic acid (LBSA), in patients of oral Leukoplakia (LP) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study comprises 75 subjects which include 25 cases of LP, 25 cases of OSCC and 25 cases of healthy individuals as control. 10 ml intravenous blood was collected under aseptic condition, and biochemical analysis of total sialic acid and lipid-bound sialic acid was carried out by spectrophotometer. We observed levels of TSA and LBSA significantly increased in LP and OSCC as compared to a healthy control group. The increased level of TSA and LBSA in LP helps to determine the early stage of the disease. Further differentiation in grades of OSCC is also possible by these biochemical markers. Thus serum levels of TAS, LBSA can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

scholarly journals Bone Metastasis is Uncommon in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma at Diagnosis-Bone Scan may be Not Necessary for Staging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ping Wang ◽  
Wan-Lun Hsu ◽  
Pei-Jen Lou ◽  
Jenq-Yuh Ko ◽  
Tseng-Cheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Bone Scan ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Only a small portion of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) experience bone metastasis. This study is to evaluate the percentage of bone metastasis at diagnosis and after treatment and to discuss whether bone scan is necessary in OSCC patients. The medical records of all patients with newly diagnosed OSCC receiving bone scan or positron emission tomography (PET) at diagnosis between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 1049 patients were enrolled, including 458 (44%) with early stage tumor and 591 (56%) with late stage tumor. In total, 33 (3.1%) patients had bone metastasis at diagnosis (9 patients, 0.86%) and after treatment (24 patients, 2.29%) during the mean follow-up of 12 months. Among those with subsequent bone metastasis, only 5 (21%) patients had bone-only metastasis. All patients with bone metastasis before primary treatment and all but two patients with bone metastasis after treatment had locoregionally advanced OSCC. The mean survival time of the 33 patients after diagnosis of bone metastasis was 121 days. Bone metastasis is uncommon in patients with OSCC. It is not necessary to routinely use bone scan for initial staging, especially early stage OSCC, and for follow-up.

scholarly journals PDIA6 contributes to aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Mao ◽  
Xiaoweng Wu ◽  
Zhengpeng Gong ◽  
Ming Yu ◽  
Zhi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background/objective Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that aerobic glycolysis serves as a regulator of tumor cell growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. Herein, we explored the role of protein disulfide isomerase family 6 (PDIA6) in the aerobic glycolysis and the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression pattern of PDIA6 in OSCC tissues was determined by qPCR and western blotting. Lentivirus and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were introduced into cells to upregulate and downregulate PDIA6 expression. CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell, and xenotransplantation models were applied to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis, respectively. Results A high expression pattern of PDIA6 was observed in OSCC tissues, which was closely associated with lower overall survival and malignant clinical features in OSCC. Compared with the control group, overexpression of PDIA6 induced significant enhancements in cell growth, migration, invasiveness, and tumorigenesis and decreased cell apoptosis, while knockdown of PDIA6 caused opposite results. In addition, overexpression of PDIA6 increased glucose consumption, lactate production, and ATP level in OSCC cells. Conclusion This study demonstrated that PDIA6 expression was elevated in OSCC tissues, and overexpression of it promoted aerobic glycolysis and OSCC progression.

scholarly journals The REASON score: an epigenetic and clinicopathologic score to predict risk of poor survival in patients with early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi T. Viet ◽  
Gary Yu ◽  
Kesava Asam ◽  
Carissa M. Thomas ◽  
Angela J. Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Gene Methylation ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a capricious cancer with poor survival rates, even for early-stage patients. There is a pressing need to develop more precise risk assessment methods to appropriately tailor clinical treatment. Genome-wide association studies have not produced a viable biomarker. However, these studies are limited by using heterogeneous cohorts, not focusing on methylation although OSCC is a heavily epigenetically-regulated cancer, and not combining molecular data with clinicopathologic data for risk prediction. In this study we focused on early-stage (I/II) OSCC and created a risk score called the REASON score, which combines clinicopathologic characteristics with a 12-gene methylation signature, to predict the risk of 5-year mortality. Methods We combined data from an internal cohort (n = 515) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (n = 58). We collected clinicopathologic data from both cohorts to derive the non-molecular portion of the REASON score. We then analyzed the TCGA cohort DNA methylation data to derive the molecular portion of the risk score. Results 5-year disease specific survival was 63% for the internal cohort and 86% for the TCGA cohort. The clinicopathologic features with the highest predictive ability among the two the cohorts were age, race, sex, tobacco use, alcohol use, histologic grade, stage, perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and margin status. This panel of 10 non-molecular features predicted 5-year mortality risk with a concordance (c)-index = 0.67. Our molecular panel consisted of a 12-gene methylation signature (i.e., HORMAD2, MYLK, GPR133, SOX8, TRPA1, ABCA2, HGFAC, MCPH1, WDR86, CACNA1H, RNF216, CCNJL), which had the most significant differential methylation between patients who survived vs. died by 5 years. All 12 genes have already been linked to survival in other cancers. Of the genes, only SOX8 was previously associated with OSCC; our study was the first to link the remaining 11 genes to OSCC survival. The combined molecular and non-molecular panel formed the REASON score, which predicted risk of death with a c-index = 0.915. Conclusions The REASON score is a promising biomarker to predict risk of mortality in early-stage OSCC patients. Validation of the REASON score in a larger independent cohort is warranted.

Relationship Between mir15b and Sal-Like Protein 4 and Biological Behavior of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Zengbo Wu ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Xianzhuo Chen ◽  
Yanling Liu ◽  
Dinggen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion

miR15b and SALL4 are involved in a variety of tumor progression. The roles of miR15b and SALL4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. The tumors and normal mucosa of OSCC patients were collected to detect miR15b and SALL4 level by Real-time PCR and analyze their correlation with OSCC clinicopathological features. Oral cancer Tca8113 cells were separated into control group; miR15b mimics group and miR15b inhibitor group followed by analysis of SALL4 expression, cell survival by MTT assay; cell invasion by Transwell chamber assay, as well as expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin and correlated with TNM stage, tumor volume and metastasis, and positively with differentiation TGF-β by Western blot. miR15b expression was decreased and SALL4 expression was increased in OSCC tumor tissues. miR15b was negatively degree (P < 0.05), whereas, opposite correlation of SALL4 with the above parameters was found (P < 0.05). miR15b and SALL4 were negatively correlated. MiR15b mimics significantly up-regulated MiR15b, decreased SALL4 expression, inhibited Tca8113 cell proliferation and invasion, as well as reduced N-cadherin, Vimentin and TGF-βexpression (P < 0.05). Opposite results were found in MiR15b inhibitor group. MiR15b expression is decreased and SALL 4 is increased in OSCC tumor tissues. MiR15b and SALL4 is closely related to OSCC clinicopathological features. MiR15b regulates the expression of EMT-related genes and TGF-β, thereby altering the proliferation and invasion of OSCC cells.

scholarly journals Prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on machine learning of breath samples: a prospective controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Mentel ◽  
Kathleen Gallo ◽  
Oliver Wagendorf ◽  
Robert Preissner ◽  
Susanne Nahles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Breath Analysis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Average Accuracy

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of breath testing as a method of cancer detection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods Breath analysis was performed in 35 OSCC patients prior to surgery. In 22 patients, a subsequent breath test was carried out after surgery. Fifty healthy subjects were evaluated in the control group. Breath sampling was standardized regarding location and patient preparation. All analyses were performed using gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry and machine learning. Results Differences in imaging as well as in pre- and postoperative findings of OSCC patients and healthy participants were observed. Specific volatile organic compound signatures were found in OSCC patients. Samples from patients and healthy individuals could be correctly assigned using machine learning with an average accuracy of 86–90%. Conclusions Breath analysis to determine OSCC in patients is promising, and the identification of patterns and the implementation of machine learning require further assessment and optimization. Larger prospective studies are required to use the full potential of machine learning to identify disease signatures in breath volatiles.

scholarly journals Deep Machine Learning for Oral Cancer: From Precise Diagnosis to Precision Medicine

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheed Omobolaji Alabi ◽  
Alhadi Almangush ◽  
Mohammed Elmusrati ◽  
Antti A. Mäkitie
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Learning Technology

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and its incidence is on the rise in many populations. The high incidence rate, late diagnosis, and improper treatment planning still form a significant concern. Diagnosis at an early-stage is important for better prognosis, treatment, and survival. Despite the recent improvement in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms, late diagnosis and approach toward precision medicine for OSCC patients remain a challenge. To enhance precision medicine, deep machine learning technique has been touted to enhance early detection, and consequently to reduce cancer-specific mortality and morbidity. This technique has been reported to have made a significant progress in data extraction and analysis of vital information in medical imaging in recent years. Therefore, it has the potential to assist in the early-stage detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, automated image analysis can assist pathologists and clinicians to make an informed decision regarding cancer patients. This article discusses the technical knowledge and algorithms of deep learning for OSCC. It examines the application of deep learning technology in cancer detection, image classification, segmentation and synthesis, and treatment planning. Finally, we discuss how this technique can assist in precision medicine and the future perspective of deep learning technology in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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