Effect of Water Storage and Additional Polymerization on the Color Parameters of Flowable Resin Composites

ABSTRACT Aims Tooth colored dental restorative materials should maintain their chromatic properties throughout their service period. The aim of this study was to examine the possible color changes of flowable resin composite filling materials following water storage. The effect of additional light curing on color stability of restorative materials was also investigated. Materials and methods Six brands of light-cured flowable resin composites of the same shade (A3) were prepared from two groups generated by curing for 20 or 60 seconds. The initial color parameters of the flowable composite samples were measured with a dental colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale, and the samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC. Following 2 weeks' water storage, the measurements were repeated. The color differences (ΔE*ab) were calculated according to the CIELAB formula. Statistical differences between the measurements were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's tests. Results No initial color variation between the samples cured for 20 seconds and 60 seconds was perceptible (ΔE*ab<3.3). However, after 2 weeks' water storage, a noticeable color change, ΔE*ab>3.3, was detected in Eco-flow, Filtek Supreme and Grandio samples in both polymerization groups. Conclusion Flowable resin composites may exhibit a significant color change as a result of water storage. Sixty seconds exposure period does not influence the final color. Clinical significance Clinicians should be aware of color shifts in flowable resins. How to cite this article Harorli OT, Barutcigil C, Bayindir YZ, Bayindir F. Effect of Water Storage and Additional Polymerization on the Color Parameters of Flowable Resin Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1109-1114.

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Effect of Brushing Time and Dentifrice Abrasiveness on Color Change and Surface Roughness of Resin Composites

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300399 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 507-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lourenço de Moraes Rego Roselino ◽

Michelle Alexandra Chinelatti ◽

Carla Cecilia Alandia-Román ◽

Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Healthy Individual ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Color Change ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Color Stability ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Initial Color

Abstract: Dentifrice abrasiveness and brushing time may increase color change (∆E) and surface roughness (∆Ra) of resin composites. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mechanical brushing time of dentifrices with different abrasiveness on ∆E and ∆Ra of nanofilled (Z350, 3M ESPE) and nanohybrid (Tetric N-Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent) resin composites. Sixteen specimens (12 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were fabricated using a white Teflon matrix of each resin composite and a ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent), used as control. After initial color readouts on white backgrounds (Spectrophotometer PCB 6807, Byk Gardner), with D65 standard illuminant, and surface roughness (Rugosimeter Surfcorder SE 1700, Kosalab) with cut-off=0.8 mm and speed=0.25 mm/s, specimens were assigned (n=8) according to the abrasiveness of the dentifrices: RDA* 68 (Colgate) and RDA* 180 (Colgate Total Plus Whitening). Specimens were submitted to mechanical brushing (58,400 cycles) and after every 14,600 cycles (1 year of brushing by a healthy individual), new color and surface roughness readouts were taken. Color stability was calculated by CIEDE2000. Data were analyzed by 3-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05), and demonstrated that the dentifrice abrasiveness (p=0.02) and brushing time (p<0.0001) affected the ∆E of nanofilled resin composite. There was no difference on surface roughness of materials (p=0.6752) or brushing time (p=0.7997). In conclusion, the longer the brushing time and dentifrice abrasiveness, the greater the color change of the nanofilled resin composite. The surface roughness was not influenced by dentifrice abrasiveness.

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Quantification of color variation of restorative materials used on pediatric dentistry after pigmentation

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-863720150003000022935 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 383-388

Author(s):

Luísa Bandeira Pires Monteiro LOPES ◽

Andreia Sofia Lopes de ARAÚJO ◽

Virginia Barreiros MILAGRE

Keyword(s):

Composite Resin ◽

Color Change ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Color Variation ◽

Control Group ◽

Chocolate Milk ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Restorative Materials

Objective: To quantify the color variation of two glass ionomer cements and a composite resin used in pediatric dentistry, after being immersed in different pigments agents. Methods: Using two glass ionomer cements (Ketac(tm) Molar and Photac(tm) Fil) and a microhybrid composite resin (Filtek(tm) z250), were produced 40 disks of each material (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick). The samples were soaked in artificial saliva (control group), coke, peach Ice Tea(r) and chocolate milk, for 72 hours in an oven at 37ºC. After this period, the samples were washed in 50 ml of distilled water. Finally, using the spectrophotometer, it was made the reading of results. The color change was measured according to the CIE L * a * b * system. Color changes were statistically analyzed using parametric one-way ANOVA and ANOVA with Welch correction, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and post-hoc Tukey and Dunnet T3 with p≤ 0.05. Results: The immersion of restorative materials in different pigmentation agents caused a significant color variation on the samples. The agent who presented higher results was the Peach Ice Tea(r). The chocolate milk was the fluid with lowest pigmentation capacity of all restorative materials under study. The greater color variation was found on the Ketac(tm) Molar submerged in Coca-Cola(r) and the smallest on the Filtek(tm) z250 in chocolate milk. Conclusion: All restorative materials were shown to be susceptible to pigmentation by all agents. The Filtek(tm) z250 proved to have better color stability, followed by Photac(tm) Fil and finally by Ketac(tm) Molar.

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Color Stability and Gloss of Esthetic Restorative Materials after Chemical Challenges

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 52-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eduardo Haruki Ozera ◽

Fernanda Miori Pascon ◽

Américo Bortolazzo Correr ◽

Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani ◽

Aline Rogéria de Castilho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Color Stability ◽

Initial Surface ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Cranberry Juice ◽

Color Changes ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Acidic Beverages

Abstract This study evaluated gloss and color changes of esthetic restorative materials subjected to different acidic beverages. Specimens of resin composites (Z350XT (Z350), IPS Empress Direct (ED), Charisma Diamond (CD)) were prepared and the initial surface gloss and color (ΔE) were measured (n=10). Then, the specimens were immersed in 4 mL of each of the different beverages (cranberry juice; Coca-Cola; coffee or artificial saliva) during 15 min, 3x/day for 14 days and new gloss and color readings were obtained. Color change was evaluated with the ΔE formula and gloss change values were obtained by the formula: (final gloss - initial gloss). Data was submitted to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (a=0.05). CD showed the lowest color change among resin composites. The highest ΔE values were obtained after immersion in coffee and cranberry juice. Coffee promoted the highest gloss change (worst gloss retention), followed by cranberry juice, Coca-cola and artificial saliva (p<0.05). The type of beverage significantly influenced the gloss of resin composites. Coca-cola reduced gloss of the three resin composites in a similar manner. Coffee affected the ED gloss more than that of Z350 and CD, while cranberry juice affected Z350 more than ED and CD. Saliva had a more pronounced effect on the gloss retention of CD than ED. The beverages used in this study influenced the optical surface properties of the composites studied.

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The effect of a bleaching agent on the pigment removal and the bond strength of bulk-fill resin composites: an in vitro study

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/1807-2577.08818 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 298-304

Author(s):

Caroline de Farias CHARAMBA ◽

Renally Bezerra Wanderley LIMA ◽

Sônia Saeger MEIRELES ◽

Rosângela Marques DUARTE ◽

Ana Karina Maciel ANDRADE

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Color Change ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Filling Material ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Microtensile Testing ◽

Before And After

Abstract Introduction In order to simplify the technique, reduce the time required for direct adhesive restorations, bulk-fill resin composites have been developed be applied in bulk placement up to 4 mm increments. Objective Evaluating the color change (ΔE) and the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk fill resin composites (BFRC) to dentin after the immersion in regular beverages and the application of bleaching systems. Method Forty-five human molar teeth were randomly distributed in three groups according to the filling material (n=15): Filtek Bulk Fill, Tetric N Ceram Bulk Fill and Filtek Z100. The restored teeth were immersed in coffee, wine and distilled water (n=5) for 72 hours. The color parameters were measured using a spectrophotometer, having as basis the CIE L*a*b*, before and after tooth staining and application of bleaching processes. Subsequently, the teeth were sectioned to obtain the specimens for the microtensile testing. The ΔE values were analyzed applying the Kruskal-Wallis and the Wilcoxon tests, and the μTBS values were analyzed applying the ANOVA and the Bonferroni tests (p<0.05). Result There were no significant differences in the ∆E values when comparing the BFRCs to the conventional resin composite (CRC) in most of the experimental groups. The ∆E values did not present significant differences before and after the application of bleaching processes for all the tested resin composites. The BFRCs presented higher μTBS values than the CRC after exposure to distilled water, wine and bleaching agent. Conclusion The studied BFRCs presented similar color stability to the CRC. The BFRCs presented higher bond strength to the dentin than the CTC in most of the evaluated conditions. The bleaching agent was not effective in whitening the stained restored teeth.

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Clinical Evaluation of a Silorane- and a Methacrylate-Based Resin Composite in Class II Restorations: 24-Month Results

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/15-286-c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. E102-E110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E Karaman ◽

AR Yazici ◽

G Ozgunaltay ◽

I Ustunkol ◽

A Berber

Keyword(s):

Clinical Performance ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Class Ii ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Self Etch

SUMMARY Objective: To compare the 24-month clinical performance of two different resin composites in class II slot restorations. Methods and Materials: Thirty-seven patients having at least two approximal carious lesions were enrolled in the study. A total of 116 teeth (58 pairs) were restored with either a silorane-based composite (Filtek Silorane) and its self-etch adhesive (Silorane Adhesive System, 3M ESPE) or a methacrylate-based packable resin composite (X-tra Fil) and its self-etch adhesive (Futurabond NR, VOCO GmbH) according to the toss of a coin. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and at six-, 12-, and 24-month recalls by two calibrated examiners according to the modified US Public Health Service criteria. The comparison of the two restorative materials for each category was performed with the Pearson chi-square test. Within group differences of the materials at different recall times were compared using the Cochran Q and Friedman tests. Bonferroni-adjusted McNemar test was used when significant difference was found (p<0.05). Results: After 24 months, no statistically significant differences were found between the two restorative materials for the criteria evaluated. Conclusions: Both silorane- and methacrylate-based resin composites showed clinically acceptable performance in class II slot restorations after 24 months.

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Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Fahim Vohra ◽

Abdulelah Andejani ◽

Osamah Alamri ◽

Abdulaziz Alshehri ◽

Rana S Al-Hamdan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Color Stability ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽

Ceramic Samples ◽

Dental Restorative Materials ◽

Nicotine Delivery ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Dental Restorative

Objective: The use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) is increasing rapidly. However, its discoloring effect on dental restorations is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ENDS aerosol when compared to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) on the color stability of dental ceramic (DC) and resin composite (RC). Methods: This research project was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019. In this study 30 discs each for DC and RC materials were fabricated to be equally divided into groups of exposure to CS, ENDS aerosol and storage in distilled water (No smoke; NS) respectively (n=10). Specimens were exposed for a total of 7 days, with a rate of 10 cycles per day, each cycle represented 10 puffs. The color change was assessed using the CIELAB color space, by calculating ΔE. Data was analysed using ANOVA and multiple comparisons test. Results: Ceramic specimens in CS (2.422 ± 0.771) and ENDS (2.396 ± 0.396) groups showed comparable ΔE (color change) (p=0.992). Similarly, composite specimens in CS (42.871 ± 2.442) and ENDS (46.866 ± 3.64) groups showed comparable ΔE (p>0.05). NS specimens in both composite and ceramic samples showed lower ΔE than CS and ENDS specimens respectively. Conclusions: Aerosol from Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) showed similar discoloration levels as cigarette smoking (CS). The level of discoloration for ceramic samples for both ENDS and CS was below clinically perceptible levels (Mean ΔE < 2.5). Discoloration of composite resin due to CS and ENDS was visually perceptible (Mean ΔE > 4.0). doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303 How to cite this:Vohra F, Andejani AF, Alamri O, Alshehri A, Al-Hamdan RS, Almohareb T, et al. Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The Effects of Mouthwashes on the Color Stability of Resin-Based Restorative Materials

Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.15517/ijds.2020.43004 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 346-357

Author(s):

Ayşe Tuğba Ertürk-Avunduk ◽

Seçkin Aksu ◽

Ebru Delikan

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Color Change ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Color Stability ◽

Multiple Comparison ◽

Color Measurement ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Post Hoc

Objective: This study investigated the effects of three types of mouthwash on the color stability of three resin-based restorative materials (nanohybrid resin composite, sonic-activated bulk-fill material, and compomer). Materials and Methods: To this end, 120 cylindrical disc specimens were prepared and polished, after which they were incubated in distilled water for 24 hours for post-polymerization. The baseline color values of each specimen were measured with a spectrophotometer, then the specimens were randomly divided into four groups. Following immersion in the mouthwashes for 24 hours, the specimens were rinsed with distilled water and dried before the color measurement was repeated. The values of color change (∆E₀₀) were subsequently calculated. A two-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s post hoc multiple comparison tests were conducted to determine statistically significant differences among the restorative materials. Results: All samples showed discoloration after immersion, albeit some instances of discoloration were imperceptible. In this respect, a statistically significant difference was found among the restorative materials and mouthwashes (p<0.05). Imperceptible ∆E₀₀ values were derived on the nanohybrid resin composite and compomer, but perceptible and acceptable ∆E₀₀ values were detected on the sonic-activated bulk-fill materials (p<0.05). The clinically unacceptable discoloration was observed on the sonic-activated bulk-fill composite immersed in Listerine®. Conclusions: Clinicians should make recommendations based on the potential staining capacity of mouthwashes prescribed for daily use in restorative materials. In this way, the need for renewal of restorations due to discoloration could be avoided.

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Effect of Water Storage on Hardness and Interfacial Strength of Resin Composite Luting Agents Bonded to Surface-Treated Monolithic Zirconia

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9070078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Emmanouil-George Tzanakakis ◽

Maria Dimitriadi ◽

Ioannis Tzoutzas ◽

Petros Koidis ◽

Spiros Zinelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Treatment ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Water Storage ◽

Interfacial Strength ◽

Roughness Parameters ◽

Shear Strength Test ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Monolithic Zirconia

Background: Durable bonding between resin composite luting agents (CLA) and zirconia is still a matter of controversy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of water storage on hardness and interfacial strength of three CLA, a non-adhesive (Multilink Automix/ML), an adhesive (Panavia F 2.0/PF) and a self-adhesive (PermaCem 2.0/PC), bonded to polished (CL) and grit-blasted (AL: 50 μm alumina, SJ: Sil-Jet + Monobond Plus silane) monolithic zirconia surfaces. Methods: CLA specimens (n = 5/cement, condition) were prepared, stored under dry conditions or immersed in water, and Vickers hardness (VH) measurements were obtained at 1 h, 24 h, 1 week and 3 weeks intervals. Optical profilometry was used to determine the roughness parameters (Sa, Sz, Sdr, Sci) of zirconia surfaces (n = 5/treatment). A shear strength test (SBS, n = 10 × 2/cement) was performed to assess the strength and fractography of the cements bonded to zirconia after isothermal water storage and thermal-cycling (TC). Results: PF demonstrated significantly lower VHN after water storage at all time intervals, PC at 1 w, 3 w and ML at 3 w. SJ and AL showed significantly higher values from CL in all roughness parameters. Weibull analysis revealed the following significance in σο ranking within the same material: AL, SJ, ALTC > SJTC, CL > CLTC (PF); SJ, SJTC, AL, ALTC > CL, CLTC (PC) and SJ, SJTC > AL > ALTC > CL, CLTC (ML). Within the same surface treatment subgroups, the significance in σo ranking was PC, ML > PF (before/after TC) for SJ; PC > PF > ML (before TC), PC, PF > ML (after TC) for AL, and PC > PF > ML (before/after TC) for CL. For the m ranking, the only significant difference within each material group was found in PC (AL > ALTC) and for the same surface treatment in AL (PC > ML). Conclusion: There are significant differences in the water plasticization susceptibility of the CLA tested; the materials with adhesive monomers were the most affected. Tribo-chemical silica coating combined with a silane coupling agent was the most efficient bonding treatment for the non-adhesive and the self-adhesive materials. The adhesive CLA performed better on alumina-blasted than on tribo-chemically coated surfaces.

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Surface Analysis and Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials Frequently Exposed to a Desensitizing Agent

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2021/9989747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Neven S. Aref ◽

Reham M. Abdallah

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Color Change ◽

Resin Composite ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Test Surface ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Restorative Materials ◽

Desensitizing Agents ◽

Nanohybrid Composite ◽

Frequent Exposure

Background. Patients with tooth sensitivity are frequently exposed to desensitizing agents on a regular basis. These agents might have an impact on the surface properties and color of existing oral restorations. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the color stability, surface microhardness, and surface roughness of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC), amalgomer CR, nanohybrid, and bulk-fill resin composites restorative materials after frequent exposure to a desensitizing agent. Materials and Methods. One hundred and twenty specimens were prepared; 10 specimens for each restorative material were equally subdivided into control and desensitizing-agent-exposed groups in each test. Surface microhardness and surface roughness were evaluated using the Vickers microhardness tester and surface profilometer, respectively. The color change was measured by using a spectrophotometer using the CIE L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ formula. Surface topography was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The collected data were analyzed with Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests for pairwise comparison at a level of significance of 0.05. Result. The frequent use of a desensitizing agent significantly decreased surface hardness of RMGIC, amalgomer, and bulk-fill composite materials. However, nanohybrid composite exhibited a significant surface hardness increase. The surface roughness of RMGIC, amalgomer, and nanohybrid composite increased significantly. Meanwhile, the bulk-fill resin composite showed a nonsignificant decrease. Both RMGIC and amalgomer exhibited significantly higher values of color change in comparison to those of nanohybrid and bulk-fill composites. Conclusion. The bulk-fill composite seems to be more resistant to discoloration and surface topographical changes than other tested materials on frequent exposure to the desensitizing agent. However, this exposure may pose a negative impact on its surface hardness. Bulk-fill resin composite may be the most suitable esthetic restorative in patients who frequently use desensitizing agents.

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Color change using HSB color system of dental resin composites immersed in different common Amazon region beverages

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/s0044-59672009000400024 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 961-968 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Débora da Costa e Silva ◽

Sanmya Beatriz da Silva Pereira Tiradentes ◽

Rosana Cristina Pereira Parente ◽

Maria Fulgência Costa Lima Bandeira

Keyword(s):

Color Change ◽

Color Stability ◽

Amazon Region ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Resin Composites ◽

Dental Resin ◽

Color System ◽

Initial Color

The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vitro the color stability of composite resins when exposed to beverages with high coloring contents from the Amazon region. 240 samples from four different composite brands (Natural Look, Z350, 4Seasons and Opallis) of hue A3 were fabricated using an acrylic matrix. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 hours. The initial color (T0) was registered using a Canon EOS Rebel XTi 10 mp camera, and then the samples were divided into four groups (n=15): G1 (coffee), G2 (açaí juice), G3 (energetic guaraná) and G4 (control - distilled water). The samples were exposed to solutions of DES (6hs) and RE (18hs) and placed in a double boiler under constant agitation, at 37ºC for 30 days. The samples were immersed in the coloring solutions for 15 minutes daily. After 7, 15 and 30 days, new photographic registers were made (T1, T2 and T3). The images were analyzed using Corel PHOTO-PAINT 12 software to identify the colors through the HSB system. The Kruskal-Wallis and t tests (p<0.05) demonstrated significant differences in color (hue, saturation and brightness). The results revealed that none of the tested composites showed color stability when exposed to coloring solutions, and that the Amazon region beverages (açaí juice and energetic guaraná) showed to be less coloring than coffee.

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