Comparative Study of Antifungal Efficacy of Various Endodontic Irrigants with and without Clotrimazole in Extracted Teeth Inoculated with Candida albicans

Background: Fluconazole (FLZ), a potent antifungal medication, is characterized by poor water solubility that reduced its antifungal efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to prepare FLZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by using different polymers and techniques as a mean of enhancing the antifungal activity of FLZ. Methods: NP1, NP2, and NP3 were prepared by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method using PLGA, PCL, and PLA, respectively. The ionotropic pre-gelation technique was applied to prepare an alginate/chitosan-based formulation (NP4). Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity were characterized. FT-IR spectra of FLZ, the polymers, and the prepared NPs were estimated. NP4 was selected for further in-vitro release evaluation. The broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of NP4 using a resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans. Results: The double emulsion method produced smaller-sized particles (<390 nm) but with much lower encapsulation efficiency (< 12%). Alternatively, the ionic gelation method resulted in nanosized particles with a markedly higher encapsulation efficiency of about 40%. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the loading of the FLZ molecules in the polymeric network of the prepared NPs. The release profile of NP4 showed a burst initial release followed by a controlled pattern up to 24 hours with a higher percent released relative to the free FLZ suspension. NP4 was able to reduce the value of MIC of FLZ by 20 times. Conclusion: The antifungal activity of FLZ against C. albicans was enhanced markedly via its loading in the alginate/chitosan-based polymeric matrix of NP4.

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In vitro comparative evaluation of antifungal efficacy of three endodontic sealers with and without incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles against Candida albicans

Journal of Conservative Dentistry ◽

10.4103/jcd.jcd_242_19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 564

Author(s):

Amit Jena ◽

Satabdi Pattanaik ◽

Govind Shashirekha

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Endodontic Sealers ◽

Antifungal Efficacy

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Author Correction: Catechol thwarts virulent dimorphism in Candida albicans and potentiates the antifungal efficacy of azoles and polyenes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-01925-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ravi Jothi ◽

Ravichellam Sangavi ◽

Ponnuchamy Kumar ◽

Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian ◽

Shanmugaraj Gowrishankar

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Antifungal Efficacy

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Comparative Study on the Efficiency of the Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans Using CdTe Quantum Dots, Zn(II) Porphyrin and Their Conjugates as Photosensitizers

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules20058893 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 8893-8912 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Osnir Viana ◽

Martha Ribeiro ◽

Andréa Rodas ◽

Júlio Rebouças ◽

Adriana Fontes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Cdte Quantum Dots ◽

Photodynamic Inactivation

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ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY OF SECANG HEARTWOOD (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L.) SOLUTIONS ON BIOFILMS OF CANDIDA ALBICANS ATCC 10231

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.16060 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 160-163

Author(s):

BRINNA LISTIANI ◽

RATNA MEIDYAWATI ◽

DEWA AYU NPA ◽

DWI ARNIAWATY

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Root Canal ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Caesalpinia Sappan ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

The Mean ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Antifungal Efficacy

Objective: Candida albicans is a predominant fungal species found in persistent root canal infection, and its virulence depends on the ability to formbiofilms. To be able to eliminate this infection, a safe irrigation solution during root canal preparation is needed. This study is conducted to investigatethe antifungal properties of secang heartwood extract solutions on C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans biofilm was obtained from incubation of C. albicans ATCC 10231 at 96-well plates in 37°C for 24 h. These biofilms were exposedto various treatments: Secang heartwood in three different concentrations (25%, 33%, and 50%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, and controlgroup. The results of the treatment are to see the optical density (OD) value. The higher the OD values, the lower antifungal activity of the solution.Results: The mean OD result from six samples obtained the mean value of various OD values showed in ELISA reader. Antifungal efficacy of 25%secang heartwood was lower than concentration of 33% and 50%. All concentrations of secang heartwood showed higher OD values than 2.5% NaOClbut lower than control group with p=0.01.Conclusion: Secang heartwood possesses antifungal effects against C. albicans biofilm but is lower than 2.5% NaOCl. Concentration of 25% has thestrongest effect against C. albicans among other concentrations. This was a preliminary study of the antifungal efficacy of secang heartwood extractsolutions against C. albicans biofilm. The result indicates that this solution has the potential to be used as an herbal alternative in root canal irrigations.

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Lethality of Candida strains as influenced by the host

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m75-093 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 648-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Cora G. Saltarelli ◽

Kathi Ann Gentile ◽

Susan C. Mancuso

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Proteolytic Activity ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Culture Media ◽

Tube Formation ◽

Nutritional Requirements ◽

Morphological Mutant ◽

Mutant Strains

A comparative study of the pathogenicity of Candida albicans morphological mutant strains was made to relate chlamydospore production, germ tube formation, and proteolytic activity to candidiasis in mice. It was observed that the mycelium strains were more lethal than the yeast-like strains and that neither chlamydospore production, germ tube formation, nor nutritional requirements was related to pathogenicity in mice. Statistical analysis indicated that the culture media of the organisms and the strain and sex of the mice into which the cells were injected were important factors in the development of pathogenicity.

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Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS)

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1164 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 436-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hamid Jafarzadeh ◽

Maryam Bidar ◽

Sepideh Hooshiar ◽

Mahboubeh Naderinasab ◽

Mostafa Moazzami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

The Difference

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and MUMS containing 2% chlorhexidine. Materials and methods All of the above irrigants were examined on Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Lactobacillus casei and E.coli. A total of 0.5 CC of each solution and 0.5 CC of McFarland solution bacterium were added to each examination tube. After 15, 30 and 45 minutes, colony count was performed for each tube. The difference in the number of bacteria indicated the effect taken by disinfectant material. Results MUMS containing chlorhexidine showed the antimicrobial properties just like chlorhexidine's effect against E.coli, Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus casei in preventing these entire microorganisms to incubate. Sodium hypochlorite was not effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans incubated in 15, 30 and 45 minutes and Enterococcus faecalis in 15 minutes. Conclusion MUMS has antimicrobial properties similar to chlorhexidine. Clinical significance As MUMS containing chlorhexidine can transfer chlorhexidine through its own surfactant around apical area and it can open the dentinal tubules by its own chelator for more penetration of chlorhexidine, it may be a choice for canal irrigation. How to cite this article Bidar M, Hooshiar S, Naderinasab M, Moazzami M, Orafaee H, Naghavi N, Jafarzadeh H. Comparative Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of Three Irrigant Solutions (Chlorhexidine, Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidinated MUMS). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4): 436-439.

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