scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL EFFICACY OF SECANG HEARTWOOD (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L.) SOLUTIONS ON BIOFILMS OF CANDIDA ALBICANS ATCC 10231

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
BRINNA LISTIANI ◽  
RATNA MEIDYAWATI ◽  
DEWA AYU NPA ◽  
DWI ARNIAWATY
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

Objective: Candida albicans is a predominant fungal species found in persistent root canal infection, and its virulence depends on the ability to formbiofilms. To be able to eliminate this infection, a safe irrigation solution during root canal preparation is needed. This study is conducted to investigatethe antifungal properties of secang heartwood extract solutions on C. albicans biofilm.Methods: C. albicans biofilm was obtained from incubation of C. albicans ATCC 10231 at 96-well plates in 37°C for 24 h. These biofilms were exposedto various treatments: Secang heartwood in three different concentrations (25%, 33%, and 50%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 2.5%, and controlgroup. The results of the treatment are to see the optical density (OD) value. The higher the OD values, the lower antifungal activity of the solution.Results: The mean OD result from six samples obtained the mean value of various OD values showed in ELISA reader. Antifungal efficacy of 25%secang heartwood was lower than concentration of 33% and 50%. All concentrations of secang heartwood showed higher OD values than 2.5% NaOClbut lower than control group with p=0.01.Conclusion: Secang heartwood possesses antifungal effects against C. albicans biofilm but is lower than 2.5% NaOCl. Concentration of 25% has thestrongest effect against C. albicans among other concentrations. This was a preliminary study of the antifungal efficacy of secang heartwood extractsolutions against C. albicans biofilm. The result indicates that this solution has the potential to be used as an herbal alternative in root canal irrigations.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Physical Methods of Disinfection on Heat-Polymerized Polymethyl Methacrylate – An In-vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Kapil Soni ◽  
Vivek Choukse ◽  
Rajeev Shrivastava ◽  
Umesh Palekar ◽  
Prabha Shakya Newaskar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Introduction: The common relationship of Candida and the ample proof that acrylic resin dentures are related to denture stomatitis in the oral cavity, which can range from simple mucosal lesions to a fatal systemic form. The current study aims to assess and compare the efficacy of microwave irradiation and UV radiation in the disinfection of Candida albicans infection in heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 specimens were prepared with heat-polymerized acrylic resin, out of which 30 were used for Microwave irradiation, and 30 were used for UV irradiation, and 30 were used for positive control. There were three groups: Group A (Positive Control group); Group B (Microwave irradiation); Group C (UV radiation). After preparing the samples they were chemically sterilized, then infected with C. Albicans, and again Group B is disinfected with Microwave irradiation, Group C is disinfected by UV light and Group A is kept as Positive control without disinfection. Turbidity was measured for each group after re-infection of every specimen in CFU/ml. Results: In the present study, the CFU/ml of Candida albicans in the control group was 2.97x107±0.6 x 107 (P= .000), for microwave irradiation, the mean value was 5.3±11.1 (P= .000), and for UV radiation, the mean value was 19.3±22.9 (P= .003). Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, microwave irradiation (6 minutes at 650W) is more effective than UV radiation (10 minutes each side at 254nm wavelength) of Candida albicans infection on the heat-polymerized acrylic resin in laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of jengkol leaf (Pithecellobium jiringa) extract to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Muhammad Luthfi ◽  
Ira Arundina ◽  
Nizamiar Hamni
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) are dimorphic fungi in oral cavity, considered not only as normal flora, but also as pathogens. C. albicans have an ability to grow biofilm, which has a thick layer of outer skin structure, called as extracellular matrix. Jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lectins, which have an ability as antifungal agent Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms. Method: C. albicans were cultured on yeast peptone dextrosa (YPD) media in 96-well microtiter plate flat bottom plates. There were one control group (without treatment) and three treatment groups. The first treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/ ml. The second treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/ ml. And, the third treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ ml. Semi quantitative method was applied to determine C. albicans biofilmsis using Crystal Violet staining technique. The absorbance of the cells then was calculated using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570 nm. Result: The mean value of optical density in the control group was 1.23. The mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/ ml was 0.2. Meanwhile, the mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 200 mg/ ml was 0.2, and 0.21 in the treatment group with a dose of 400 mg/ ml. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract used as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms is 100 mg /ml with an inhibitory percentage of 83.7%.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Tissue Response to Modification of the Surface of Dental Implants with Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor Immobilization (Fgf-2): An Experimental Study on Minipigs

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Javier Aragoneses ◽  
Ana Suárez ◽  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface treatment with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and fibroblast growth factor 2 on the bone–implant interface during the osseointegration period in vivo using an animal model. The present research was carried out in six minipigs, in whose left tibia implants were inserted as follows: eight implants with a standard surface treatment, for the control group, and eight implants with a surface treatment of carboxyethylphosphonic acid and immobilization of FGF-2, for the test group. At 4 weeks after the insertion of the implants, the animals were sacrificed for the histomorphometric analysis of the samples. The means of the results for the implant–bone contact variable (BIC) were 46.39 ± 17.49% for the test group and 34.00 ± 9.92% for the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. For the corrected implant–bone contact variable (BICc), the mean value of the test group was 60.48 ± 18.11%, and that for the control group, 43.08 ± 10.77%; the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). The new bone formation (BV/TV) showed average results of 27.28 ± 3.88% for the test group and 26.63 ± 7.90% for the control group, meaning that the differences were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.839). Regarding the bone density at the interthread level (BAI/TA), the mean value of the test group was 32.27 ± 6.70%, and that of the control group was 32.91 ± 7.76%, with a p-value of 0.863, while for the peri-implant density (BAP/TA), the mean value of the test group was 44.96 ± 7.55%, and that for the control group was 44.80 ± 8.68%, without a significant difference between the groups. The current research only found a significant difference for the bone–implant contact at the cortical level; therefore, it could be considered that FGF-2 acts on the mineralization of bone tissue. The application of carboxyethylphosphonic acid on the surface of implants can be considered a promising alternative as a biomimetic coating for the immobilization of FGF-2. Despite no differences in the new bone formation around the implants or in the interthread or peri-implant bone density being detected, the biofunctionalization of the implant surface with FGF-2 accelerates the mineralization of the bone–implant interface at the cortical level, thereby reducing the osseointegration period.

Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1213-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans Lal ◽  
O. P. Sachdeva ◽  
H. R. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antigenic Stimulation ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System ◽  
The Mean

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post-operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body.

A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANESTHETIC EFFICACY OF 4% ARTICAINE WITH 1:100000 EPINEPHRINE AND 2% LIDOCAINE WITH 1:100000 EPINEPHRINE FOR INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK AND LONG BUCCAL NERVE BLOCK DURING ROOT CANAL TREATMENT: AN IN VIVO STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Nupur Vasava ◽  
Chintan Joshi ◽  
Vaishali Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Background: It is important to control the pain associated with root canal treatment (RCT) in endodontic. Pain accompanying fear and anxiety due to endodontic treatment can be reduced by anesthetic techniques. The present study aims to compare the effect of articaine versus lidocaine local anesthesia for inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) and long buccal nerve block on pain during RCT. METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular posterior tooth were selected. The patients randomly received either cartridge of lidocaine or articaine using IANB and long buccal nerve block. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of ten. Group 1: patients received IANB and long buccal nerve block 2% lidocaine with 1:100000 epinephrine. Group 2: patients received IANB and long buccal nerve block with 4% articaine with 1:100000 epinephrine. Before the Injection, the patient received all information about the visual analysis scale (VAS). Pain was evaluated using VAS scale in numberic value 1 to 10 number. The pain was evaluated at three different stages: before administration of LA, after immediate access opening, and after immediate obturation procedure. Data were analyzed using various suitable statistical tests. RESULT: The mean value of efcacy of pain before administration of local anesthesia (LA) was 8.50 ± 0.97 for lidocaine and 8.30 ± 0.48 for articaine had no signicant difference. A signicant difference was observed at two different duration after immediate access opening and after immediate obturation where articaine has a lower mean value 3.60 ± 1.08 and 1.60 ± 0.17 respectively (P>0.05) as compared to the mean value of lidocaine 4.10 ± 1.10 and 1.60 ± 0.17 respectively Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, in cases of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis articaine 4% did not alleviate pain much and showed better anesthetic efcacy than 2% lidocaine with IANB and long buccal nerve block.

Effect of Activity-Based Games on Students' Academic Achievement in Social Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-95
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of the research was to investigatethe effect of activity-based games on the academic achievement of graduate-level pupils in social sciences.An experimental research design with a pre-and post-test control group was used in this study. As pre-test and post-test, MCQ achievement tests containing 70 items were used as research methods for data collecting. The initial stage in this initiative was to collect data on what inspires children to learn. Both groups took a pre-test, and the results were tallied.The project's second phase was to study the effects of variousactivities on academic achievement. Both groups were given an MCQ performance test. The T-test was used to analyze the data. The findings of this study demonstrated that, compared to the control group, mostpupils'marks improved in the experimental group. The mean value showedthat experimental group participants scored 18.77on the post-test, while control group students scored 16.21. According to a post-lesson poll, most students regarded activity-based games to be more engaging than lecture-based instruction.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING ALPHABET CARDS GAME IN TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR COMMERCIAL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION STUDENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Arita Destianingsih ◽  
Ari Satria
Keyword(s):  
Business Administration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Business Administration Students ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Administration Students

The aim of this study was to know the effectiveness of the use of alphabet cards game as interesting tool to explain vocabularies and it make it easier to remember their meanings. This study belongs to the quasi experimental research and presents pre-test, post test and to investigate the effect of using alphabet cards game on vocabulary mastery of commercial business administration students. The participants were the students from commercial business administration students at the third semester (N=54) of State Polytechnic Bengkalis and divided into two groups. Both groups were taught vocabulary, however, the experimental group students who are exposed to alphabet cards game and the controlled group students who received conventional method. Pre-test and post-test were given to both experimental group students and controlled group students. The score of the vocabulary tests were compared through independent sample t-test. The mean value of pre-test of experimental class was 61.35, while the control class was 52.23. After learning using alphabet card games in experimental class the mean value obtained in post-test was 78.85, while in control class was 59.04.  The improved of learning outcomes can be seen from the level of significance was 0.000 and it was lower than t test 0.000<0.05.  It means that the hypothesis null is not accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that the score of the students in learning vocabulary between the experimental group and control group was significantly different. The experimental group students who learned vocabulary using alphabet cards game had increased their vocabulary mastery.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Homocysteine Level with Migraine in Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Md Ahsan Habib ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Hasan Zahirur Rahman ◽  
Abu Nasir Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migraine With Aura ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Headache Disorder ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean

Background: Migraine is the second most common primary headache disorder that has close link to the neurovascular system. The exact pathogenesis of migraine is still not fully understood but several possible theories have been proposed. Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the coincidental factors whose association with migraine is yet in obscure. Methods: This case control study was conducted in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. A total of 65 patients, who were diagnosed as migraine (with aura or without aura) according to ICHD-3 criteria, were considered as case group and another 65 patients (age and sex matched) with headache other than migraine were considered as control group. Serum homocysteine levels were estimated for both groups and other relevant investigations were done in selective cases. Comparison of serum homocysteine levels between two groups were done to see association of serum homocysteine level with migraine in adults. Results: A total of 50 women and 15 men with mean age of 31 (±10.41) years and 50 women and 15 men with mean age of 33 (±10.91) years constituted case and control groups, respectively. The mean (±SD) serum homocysteine level in case group 10.71 (±4.16) ìmol/L was significantly higher than control group 7.62 (±2.26) ìmol/L, (P <0.001).The mean value of serum homocysteine level in migraine without aura (MWOA) patients 11.87 (±4.18) ìmol/L was found significantly higher than migraine with aura (MWA) patients 8.23 (±1.51) ìmol/L, (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between severity of migraine headache and frequency of migraine attack with serum homocysteine level. Conclusion: Serum homocysteine level was found significantly higher in migraineurs than non-migraineurs. Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2017; Vol. 33 (2): 76-82

scholarly journals True and Pseudo Cholinesterase levels in short and long-term of pesticides exposures

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Raghunatha Rao D ◽  
Vasantha L
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

The present study is aimed to study and analyze the true and pseudo Cholinesterase levels in the subjects exposed to pesticides during short term by intentional or accidental intake and long term exposure due to their occupation were studied at Department of Biochemistry, SVS medical college and hospital mahbubnagar district. Whole blood cholinesterase levels and Pseudo cholinesterase levels were estimated. 150 people were taken as controls who had no medical illness and a total number of 300 cases of pesticide poisoning were selected, aged between 20 to 55 years, which consist of 150 acute poisoning and 150 chronic poisoning subjects in Mahbubnagar district, were taken as case study, the detailed case history and the type of organophosphorus pesticide taken were recorded. Mean and standard deviation (S.D) of all variables were calculated and compared with those of controls. Statistical significance was assessed and P-value <0.05 were considered significant.           During acute poisoning the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase/True cholinesterase (U / L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 1.267± 0.612 on 3th day was 1.651±0.647, on 7th day was 2.221±0.684 and at the end of 6 months was 3.970±0.404.The difference between the study group and control group (4.0 ± 0.39) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in acute poisoning cases on first day was 2213.05 ± 1749.81, on 3th day was 2862.3 ± 2025.6, on 7th day was 4008.4 ± 2355.9 and at the end of 6 months was 7708.34 ± 880.72.The difference between the study group and control group (7991.97 ± 1276.5) was found to be statistically significant in1st, 3rd, 7th day but not significant at the end of 6 months. During chronic poisoning (exposure) the mean value of Whole blood cholinesterase (U/L) in controls is 4.0 ± 0.39 as compared to 3.019 ± 0.848 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant. The mean value of serum cholinesterase/pseudo cholinesterase (U/L) in controls was 7991.97 ± 1276.5 as compared to 6214 ± 1189 in cases of chronic poisoning. The difference between the study group and control group was found to be statistically significant.

scholarly journals The Effect of Smoking on the Lipid Profile of Inhabitant Smokers of Hasilpur, District Bahawalpur, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Hussain Lashari ◽  
Sumbel Sumera ◽  
Umer Farooq ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman ◽  
Nuzhat Sial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Smoker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Light ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Background: Health problem are culturally associated with smoking in developing countries. Many hazardous chemicals are taken up by direct or passive smoking causing lipid peroxidation resulting in oxidative stress. Objectives: To estimate the occurrence of smoking and its effects on the lipid profile in populations of Hasilpur, Pakistan. Methodology: The current study was conducted from April - August 2014. Out of 247 apparently healthy subjects of both genders (male=220; female=27), 134 were smokers and 113 were non-smokers. In order to analyze lipid profile, blood samples were collected in early morning hours from the selected members who were asked to fast all night. By using Chem-100 chemistry analyzer, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL and VLDL were analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of smokers was 54.25%. The results showed 60.9% prevalence in males and 0% in females. The mean value of serum triglyceride in control, light smokers and heavy smokers was 147.4±11.7mg/dl, 190.8±41.4 and 205.3±29.7mg/dl, respectively. The results of cholesterol in control, light smokers and heavy smokers were 147.38±7.99mg/dl, 136.8 ±12. 8mg/dl and 173.44±8.63mg/dl, respectively. There was a considerable distinction in the mean level of serum triglyceride and cholesterol between the control group, light smokers and heavy smoker groups (P<00.5). The mean value of HDL of control, light smokers and heavy smokers was 30.93±1.30mg/dl, 31.10±2.45 and 34.58±1.55mg/dl, respectively. The mean values of LDL and VLDL of control, light smokers and heavy smokers were 110.46±3.63mg/dl, 106.00±4.52mg/dl, 117.19±3.48mg/dl and 33.54±3.11mg/dl, 49±9.02mg/dl, 41.06±5.34mg/dl, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean level of HDL, LDL and VLDL between the control group, light smokers and heavy smoker groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that smoking is the reasons of variation in the lipid profile. Elevated period of smoking and the number of smoked cigarettes/day reason the alteration in serum lipid levels and is probably related with increased danger for coronary artery disease.

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