Corrosion of Resulfurized Free-Machining Stainless Steels

CORROSION ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 511-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL HENTHORNE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Residual Sulfur ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility ◽  
Manganese Steels

Abstract The influence of manganese (0.3 to 2.4%), sulfur (0.01 to 0.4%), sulfide composition, and heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of 13% chromium, 17% chromium and 18% chromium-9% nickel steels has been investigated. Corrosion in acid solutions, high humidity, and salt spray is dependent upon sulfide composition which in turn is determined by the manganese to sulfur ratio in the steel. Low manganese resulfurized stainless steels which contain chromium rich sulfides are inherently more corrosion resistant than high manganese steels containing manganese rich sulfides. The influence of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of resulfurized steels is similar to that for residual sulfur grades. Sulfide composition also controls the behavior of these steels during nitric acid passivation treatments. Highly oxidizing solutions must be used to avoid attack during these treatments particularly for steels with high manganese to sulfur ratios. These solutions do not dissolve the commonly used tool steels (particles of which might be imbedded in the surface of a machined part) but can improve subsequent corrosion resistance by removing deleterious manganese rich sulfides. These improvements are most marked in the high manganese 13% chromium alloys. Passivation treatments can increase the corrosion susceptibility of cross section areas in low manganese resulfurized stainless steels.

scholarly journals From High-Manganese Steels to Advanced High-Entropy Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Haase ◽  
Luis Antonio Barrales-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Manganese Steels

Arguably, steels are the most important structural material, even to this day. Numerous design concepts have been developed to create and/or tailor new steels suited to the most varied applications. High-manganese steels (HMnS) stand out for their excellent mechanical properties and their capacity to make use of a variety of physical mechanisms to tailor their microstructure, and thus their properties. With this in mind, in this contribution, we explore the possibility of extending the alloy design concepts that haven been used successfully in HMnS to the recently introduced high-entropy alloys (HEA). To this aim, one HMnS steel and the classical HEA Cantor alloy were subjected to cold rolling and heat treatment. The evolution of the microstructure and texture during the processing of the alloys and the resulting properties were characterized and studied. Based on these results, the physical mechanisms active in the investigated HMnS and HEA were identified and discussed. The results evidenced a substantial transferability of the design concepts and more importantly, they hint at a larger potential for microstructure and property tailoring in the HEA.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Corrosion Resistance of 4 High Manganese Steels Models in Aqueous Solution of NaCl

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (suppl 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Andres Cerra Florez ◽  
Marcos Natan da Silva Lima ◽  
Walney Silva Araújo ◽  
Marcelo José Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Manganese Steels

Comparative study of corrosion resistance between four non-commercial high manganese steel models and 9% nickel steel in aqueous solution of H2SO4

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 661-667
Author(s):  
Mauro Andres Cerra Florez ◽  
Jorge Luiz Cardoso ◽  
Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu ◽  
Walney Silva Araújo ◽  
Marcelo José Gomes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Manganese Steel ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Manganese Steels

Abstract The present study aims to establish a comparison of corrosion resistance between four (non-commercial) high manganese steel models in relation to 9% nickel steel in an aqueous solution of H2SO4. High manganese steels have emerged as an alternative material for the manufacture of equipment for the storage and transportation of liquefied petroleum gas due to their mechanical properties and mainly for the lower cost compared to 9% nickel steel. The electrochemical techniques used were open circuit potential, linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results obtained by these techniques have helped to understand the phenomena that produce a lower corrosion resistance of high manganese steels when compared to 9% nickel steel in aqueous solutions.

Influence of Heat Treatment on Wear Resistance of Alloyed Hadfield Steel and Phase Transformations in it

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 640-645
Author(s):  
K.N. Vdovin ◽  
N.A. Feoktistov ◽  
D.A. Gorlenko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
High Manganese Steel ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Manganese Steels

The paper investigates the influence of alloying of high manganese steel with various materials on its wear resistance. It describes the results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermo-gravimetric analysis obtained in the process of thermal investigation of high manganese steel alloyed with different materials. The processes taking place in alloyed high manganese steel during heat treatment were considered. Besides, the paper shows the results of investigation of kinetics of oxidation of high manganese steels, temperatures of the start and completion of carbide decomposition and carbon burning; the comparative analysis of these processes was carried out. The research group determined the qualitative characteristics of the steel decarburization process depending on the implemented alloying scheme of high manganese steel. Scientific justification was given to the results obtained in the research work. The technological recommendations, which make it possible to calculate the optimum hardening temperature of high manganese steels, were given. General conclusions were made in the final part of the paper.

scholarly journals Effect of Polishing on Electrochemical Behavior and Passive Layer Composition of Different Stainless Steels

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Grzegorz Solecki ◽  
Gregor Mori ◽  
Rainer Fluch ◽  
Marianne Kapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Layer Composition ◽  
Manganese Steels

In the present paper, the effect of different polishing methods (mechanical and electrochemical) on passive layer chemistry and the corrosion behavior of stainless steels is investigated. It was found that CrNiMo austenites have a substantially better corrosion behavior than CrMnN ones. The nickel is enriched underneath the passive layer, while manganese tends to be enriched in the passive layer. It was also noted that immersion of manganese into an electrolyte preferentially causes its dissolution. It was found that high amounts of chromium (27.4%), molybdenum (3.3%), nickel (29.4%), with the addition of manganese (2.8%) after mechanical grinding, generates a better corrosion resistance than after electrochemical polishing. This is most likely because of the introduction of phosphates and sulfates into its structure, which is known for steels with a high amount of manganese. For highly alloyed CrNiMo steels, which do not contain a high amount of manganese, the addition of phosphates and/or sulphates via the electropolishing process results in a decrease in pitting corrosion resistance, which is also observed for high manganese steels. Electropolished samples show detrimental corrosion properties when compared to mechanically polished samples. This is attributed to substantial amounts of sulfate and phosphate from the electropolishing electrolyte present in the surface of the passive layer.

PROJECT 70/PROJECT 7000 STAINLESS TYPE 203

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Alternative Materials

Abstract Project 70 and Project 7000 Type 203 stainless steels are alternative materials to AISI Type 303, resulfurized stainless steel having improved machinability. High manganese and copper are substituted for some nickel resulting in a stable austenitic structure having low magnetic permeability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-505. Producer or source: Carpenter. Originally published May 1989, revised August 1997.

Austenite Grain Growth in High Manganese Steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 5760-5766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumanti Bhattacharyya ◽  
Yves Brechet ◽  
Gary R. Purdy ◽  
Hatem S. Zurob
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Austenite Grain Growth ◽  
Manganese Steels

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Aspects of Two High-Manganese Steels with TWIP/TRIP Effects: A Comparative Study

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Matías Bordone ◽  
Juan Perez-Ipiña ◽  
Raúl Bolmaro ◽  
Alfredo Artigas ◽  
Alberto Monsalve
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Ε Martensite ◽  
High Manganese Steels ◽  
Manganese Steels

This article is focused on the mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructural changes observed in two high-manganese steels presenting twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP), namely Steel B and Steel C, respectively. Chemical compositions were similar in manganese, but carbon content of Steel B approximately doubles Steel C, which directly impacted on the stacking fault energy (SFE), microstructure and mechanical response of each alloy. Characterization of as-cast condition by optical microscope revealed a fully austenitic microstructure in Steel B and a mixed microstructure in Steel C consisting of austenite grains and thermal-induced (εt) martensite platelets. Same phases were observed after the thermo-mechanical treatment and tensile tests, corroborated by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), which confirms no phase transformation in Steel B and TRIP effect in Steel C, due to the strain-induced γFCC→εHCP transformation that results in an increase in the ε-martensite volume fraction. Higher values of ultimate tensile strength, yield stress, ductility and impact toughness were obtained for Steel B. Significant microstructural changes were revealed in tensile specimens as a consequence of the operating hardening mechanisms. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations on the tensile and impact test specimens showed differences in fracture micro-mechanisms.

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