Vennootschappelijke medezeggenschap in de EU en Nederland

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbert van het Kaar
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Board Level ◽  
The Eu

Employee participation at board level in the EU and the Netherlands The core issue of this article is employee participation at board level, as distinguished from information and consultation through union representatives and works councils. The author gives an overview of recent developments at EU-level and several EU-countries, with a special focus on the Netherlands. The analysis takes account of changes in both legislation and practice.

The Primacy of Experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-81
Author(s):  
Andrea Schiavio
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Flexible Systems ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Learning Contexts ◽  
Grading Systems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Event Based

This chapter explores a possible alternative to traditional “paper-and-pencil” assessment practices in music classes. It argues that an approach based on phenomenological philosophy and inspired by recent developments in cognitive science may shed new light on learning and help educators reconsider grading systems accordingly. After individuating the core issue in an unresolved tension between subjective-objective methodologies relevant to certain learning contexts, the chapter proposes a possible remedy by appealing to three principles central to “embodied” approaches to cognition. Such principles may help educators reframe cognitive phenomena (learning described as a measurable event based on “information processing”) in terms of cognitive ecosystems (learning understood as a negotiating and transformative activity codetermined by diverse embodied and ecological factors connected in recurrent fashion). Accommodating this shift implies transforming assessment practices into more open and flexible systems that take seriously the challenge of cooperative learning and phenomenological reflections.

scholarly journals Waste from the agricultural sector in the European Union countries in the context of the bioeconomy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
AGNIESZKA KOMOR ◽  
BARBARA BUJANOWICZ-HARAŚ
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Position ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study was to identify and assess the spatial diversity of generating of animal and vegetal waste by entities from the agricultural sector in the EU countries along with the determination of the importance of this type of waste in total waste generated in individual countries. Statistical data used in the study were obtained from EUROSTAT. The research period was 2016, while the research area covered 25 EU countries. The data was subjected to quantitative analysis using descriptive and parametric statistics. It was found that animal and vegetal waste has the largest share in the structure of waste from the agricultural sector (accounting for 81.6% of all waste in the agricultural sector in the EU in 2016). It has been shown that generating of vegetal and animal waste in agricultural sector in the EU countries is characterized by spatial diversity. Most of this waste type was generated in Spain and the Netherlands. The dominant position of Spain resulted from significant share of this country in the EU volume of animal faeces, urine and manure generation. High position of the Netherlands was associated with a large share of vegetal waste. France, Germany, Slovakia and Sweden ranked next. Nearly 80% of all analyzed groups of waste came from these countries, which indicates a high degree of spatial concentration of the studied phenomenon. In this context, it can be stated that these countries are predestined to base their development on the concept of the bioeconomy. It is a challenge for the research and development sphere regarding development of innovative ways of managing agricultural vegetal and animal waste.

scholarly journals Circularity in Selected EU Countries: The Case of Construction and Demolition Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
N Dytianquin ◽  
J Gregersen-Hermans ◽  
N Kalogeras ◽  
J van Oorschot ◽  
M Ritzen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Decision Context ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The construction and demolition industry (CDI) became a priority area for the EU circular economy as the industry has the largest waste stream by volume. Most of the CDI waste, however, ends up in incinerators for energy production or as downcycled content for road surfaces despite its enormous potential for recycling and reuse. This study focuses on the application of circularity in the CDI. We recognize that the construction industry provides a prominent decision context for studying circularity since many scrap materials resulting from demolished buildings and houses could be recycled, reused and refurbished in newly constructed edifices from foundation to rooftops. Adopting the fundamental circularity concepts, the study intends to compare how selected countries as early adopters of circularity in the EU apply distinct concepts of the circular economy in the CDI. The study investigates the manner circularity in CDI is achieved in the selected countries using determinants for project success in integrating the three dimensions of sustainability to identify and determine best practices. These determinants are: 1) stage of circularity as described in the waste hierarchy and circularity ladder, 2) building design principles, 3) life cycle stages specific to construction, and 4) availability and extent of policy or strategy on circularity in the EU countries where the selected projects are located. The EU countries covered are: the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, and Denmark who are among the top 10 waste generators in Western Europe. The projects chosen are: (i) Superlocal project in the Netherlands; (ii) the Circular Retrofit Lab (CRL) project in Belgium; (iii) Open Air Library in Germany; (iv) Rehafutur Engineer’s House project in France; and (v) Upcycle Studios in Denmark.

scholarly journals Development of the Financial Markets in Turkey in Comparison with the EU Countries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudi Apak ◽  
Mehmet Fatih Bayramoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Capital Markets ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Financial Center ◽  
The Eu

The Turkish financial sector, especially the Turkish banking sector, demonstrates a growth tendency in recent years. Although this growth is observed to be steady, it has not reached a sufficient volume and the sources of growth are not healthy. In this study, the dimensions of the said growth in the Turkish financial sector are analyzed in comparison with the EU member countries, which are also the members of OECD, with respect to the competitiveness features of the countries and financial centers, banking sectors of the countries and the capital markets of the countries. The study presents an evaluation of the current situation with a special focus on Istanbul - a city planned to be a global financial center.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Aspects of Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7826
Author(s):  
Joanna Domagała
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Member States ◽  
Dea Model ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Emission Efficiency ◽  
European Environmental Agency ◽  
The Eu

The analysis of the economic efficiency of agriculture has been the subject of numerous studies. An economically efficient agricultural sector is not always environmentally efficient. Agriculture is a large emitter of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that food production and agriculture are responsible for 21–37% of total global CO2 emissions. Due to the comprehensive assessment of the agricultural efficiency, it is worthwhile to apply to its measurement an integrated approach based on economic, energy and environmental aspects. These aspects were the main reasons for undertaking this research. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of agriculture in the EU Member States in 2019. The environmental analyses relate to the period 1990–2019. A total of 26 member states of the European Union (excluding Malta and Luxembourg) were selected for research. The sources of materials were Eurostat and the European Environmental Agency. This study was based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, and used the DEA model focused on minimizing inputs. The research also adopts energy productivity and greenhouse gas emission efficiency indicators. The DEA model features the following variables: one effect (value of agricultural production) and four inputs (land, labour, use of fertilizers and use of energy). It was found that seven out of the 26 studied EU countries have efficient agriculture. The efficient agriculture group included the Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, Cyprus, the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland. Based on the DEA method, benchmarks have been defined for countries with inefficient agriculture. On the basis of these benchmarks for inefficient agricultural sectors, it was possible to determine how they could improve efficiency to achieve the same results with fewer inputs. This issue is particularly important in the context of sustainable agricultural development. In the next stage of the research, the analysis of economic and energy efficiency was combined with the analysis of GHG emission efficiency in agriculture. Four groups of countries have been distinguished: eco-efficiency leaders, eco-efficiency followers, environmental slackers, eco-efficiency laggards. The leaders of the classification were the Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal.

scholarly journals Corporate Mobility – The Involvement of Employees

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-105
Author(s):  
Joti Roest
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Employee Representation ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Political Compromise ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Corporate Mobility ◽  
The Eu

In April 2018, the European Commission presented a proposal for a Directive amending Directive 2017/1132 as regards cross-border conversions, mergers and divisions. This article discusses the proposed provisions to protect the interests of employees in a cross-border operation. Their position would be strengthened since employee representatives are granted information and consultation rights. As to the protection of existing board level employee representation rights, the Proposal follows the EU legal framework on the involvement of employees, consisting of a negotiation process between representatives of the employees and the management. As Standard Rules apply if no agreement can be reached, negotiations take place with the law as a sentinel. Practice has shown that this complicated legal framework is effective in protecting existing employee participation rights. The Proposal shows that in 2019, this carefully vetted political compromise leaves EU legislators little room to manoeuvre by simplifying the framework or strengthening the position of employees.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF FUNDED PENSION SCHEMES IN PROVISION OF PENSIONS: THE EXPERIENCE OF LATVIA AND THE OLD EU COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Jekaterina Jefremova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Retirement Security ◽  
Pension Benefits ◽  
The Eu

During the past 20 years, pension reforms in the EU countries have lowered pension benefits. As a consequence of reforms each person’s responsibility for the result has increased. Examples of such reforms are those in Latvia (1995–2001), Germany (2001–2004) and the Netherlands (2004–2010). The essential part of future pension sufficiency is based on funded pension schemes, which are expected to prevent poverty and ensure the replacement of sufficient income in old age.The government defines a significant role to funded pension schemes. It is important to take into consideration major structural weaknesses in relation to social security. This includes such aspects as security and payment levels, risk management of savings and payment phases, tax implications and necessity of pension plan monitoring. These are all the problems to be solved in order to draw funded schemes as an integral part of retirement security among investors.This paper investigates the importance of funded pension schemes in securing pension in Latvia and in some old EU countries.

Public resistance to make 5G rollout patchy in the EU

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Radio Wave ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
5G Technologies ◽  
Public Concerns ◽  
The Eu

Subject Citizen opposition to 5G technologies. Significance Public concerns about and activism against 5G technology are highly varied across EU countries. Resistance is particularly strong in Germany, France, Belgium and Austria, while the Netherlands has thus far seen the highest number of arson attacks against mobile phone masts. Impacts The EU will not exclude Huawei from 5G outright, despite escalating US-China tensions over technology. Huawei’s geostrategic, reputational and supply chain difficulties are rising, clouding its market appeal worldwide. Resistance to 5G may lead to increased regulation on radio-wave strength levels to help address public concerns. Governments may adjust complaints procedures to shorten delays in the rollout of 5G and other infrastructure projects.

Tolerance and perceived threat toward Muslim immigrants in Germany and the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cengiz Erisen ◽  
Cigdem Kentmen-Cin
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Different Types ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

This article studies how different types of tolerance and perceived threat affect opinions about the EU immigration policy in Germany and the Netherlands. We assess to what extent social and political tolerance for and sociotropic and personal threats from Muslim immigrants influence EU citizens’ beliefs that immigration is one of the most important issues facing the EU. By experimentally manipulating religion of immigrant, level of perceived threat, and type of tolerance, we examine how people’s attitudes on immigration policies change. Our findings shed light on how EU countries might deal with the rising tide of intolerance toward immigrants and Muslims, and how better policies of integration could be implemented in a multicultural Europe.

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