De rebellen van Berbice

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-146
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Slave Revolt ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Hernan Cortes

Abstract In the preface to his neoclassical tragedy Monzongo, of de koningklyke slaaf (1774), Nicolaas Simon van Winter advocates for the gradual abolition of slavery in the Dutch colonies. He declares that he wrote this play in reaction to the brutal executions of African rebels after the nearly successful slave revolt in the Dutch colony of Berbice. The plot, however, centers around the enslavement of the Mexicans by Hernán Cortés in the early sixteenth century. Following Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s notion of ‘silencing’ the past (1995), this article explores the absence of the Dutch Atlantic in Monzongo. Van Winter’s choice to present enslaved Amerindians under a Spanish yoke, I will argue, is strongly connected to late-eighteenth-century ideas about suppression, the legitimacy of revolt, and ‘race’ in the Dutch Republic.

Late Novels

2018 ◽  
pp. 67-100
Author(s):  
Hugh Adlington
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Fiction ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Blue Flower ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Romantic Poet ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

This chapter examines the four ‘late’ novels that are the peak of Penelope Fitzgerald’s achievement as a writer: Innocence, The Beginning of Spring, The Gate of Angels, The Blue Flower. Each novel is, at least superficially, a work of historical fiction in that it is set in the past: in 1950s Italy, in revolutionary Russia, in Edwardian England, and in late-eighteenth-century Germany respectively. But history is decidedly not the defining feature of these novels. Rather, as this chapter shows, all four works are characterized by their bold experimentation with narrative form and style, reflecting an intense concern with profound questions of body, mind and spirit that culminates in Fitzgerald’s haunting masterpiece, the story of the idealized yearning of the German Romantic poet Novalis both for Sophie von Kühn, his ‘heart’s heart’, and for revelation. Through close analysis of Fitzgerald’s methods of research, composition and editing, this chapter proposes fresh ways of thinking about the stylistic means by which these late novels create fictional worlds that expand to fill the reader’s imagination, and even appear to possess an existence independent of the novels themselves.

Ornament and Systems of Ordering in the Sixteenth-Century Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1269-1325
Author(s):  
Ethan Matt Kavaler
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Early Modern Era ◽  
Modern Era

Early modern ornament might profitably be considered as a set of systems, each with its own rules. It signaled wealth and status. It offered pleasure and prompted curiosity. It cut across the apparent divide between the vernacular and the classicizing. It was relational, understood in the context of a given subject but not necessarily subservient to it. The notion of ornament as essentially supplemental and the prejudice against ornamental excess are both children of the late eighteenth century. Both ideas depend on a post-Enlightenment conviction of the work of art as an autonomous, aesthetically self-sufficient object, an idea not fully formed in the early modern era.

The Eye of his Master: Children and Charity Schools

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 363-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Very High

The aim of this paper is to examine the evidence from a number of charity schools, for attitudes towards the childhood of the ‘poorer sort’ in the early eighteenth century. Conventionally it has been claimed that lack of affection, and even brutality, characterized the relationship between parents, especially fathers, and their children. Lawrence Stone, in particular, has promoted the view that, as a result of the very high mortality rate among children until the late eighteenth century, parents did not invest much affection in them in order to insulate themselves from the sorrow resulting from their likely deaths before reaching adulthood. This view was also taken by Ivy Pinchbeck and Margaret Hewitt. They pointed out the formality of address seen in letters between children and parents of the upper classes, and suggested that cruelty to children and flogging was commonplace at all levels of society. These views have been challenged by Linda Pollock, who has suggested that, when examined carefully, the evidence suggests that, from the sixteenth century at least, nearly all children seem to have been wanted, loved, and cared for. She claims that the majority of children were not subject to brutality, and that physical punishment was used relatively infrequently and as a last resort. Pollock suggests that from the eighteenth century onwards parents were much concerned with ‘training’ a child in order to ensure that he or she absorbed correct values and beliefs and would grow into a model citizen.

Samar in the Late Eighteenth Century

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-52
Author(s):  
Bruce Cruikshank
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
Jesuit Missionaries ◽  
Parish Churches

In 1767 Charles III issued his famous decree expelling the Jesuits from Spain and the Spanish colonies around the world. The repercussions of this edict were felt even on Samar, a large but relatively unimportant province in the eastern Visayas in the Philippine colony (see Map One) whose missions, later parish churches, had been staffed by Jesuit missionaries from the last few years of the sixteenth century until the order of expulsion arrived on Samar in September 1768. The Jesuits were replaced by Augustinians in the pueblos of Guivan, Balangiga, and Basey; and in the rest of the pueblos by Franciscans (see Map Two).

scholarly journals Héroes nacionales como vehículos emocionales de conceptos / National Heroes as Emotional Vehicles of Political Concepts

2017 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel González Manso
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Relationship

This article deals with the relationship between concepts, heroes and emotions. To that purpose it propounds an explicative mechanism through the comparative analysis of the use of heroes in Spanish politics in the late eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. The spread of some political concepts was facilitated by their association with heroes of the past, which not only provide legitimacy but also a strong emotional burden in terms of the values they represented. The proposed methodology is applied to the examination of political uses of two historical figures: Padilla and Pelayo.Key WordsEmotions, national heroes, intellectual history, nineteenth centuryResumenEl presente artículo examina la relación entre conceptos, héroes y emociones. Para ello propone un mecanismo que se sirve del análisis comparado del uso de héroes en la política española de finales del siglo XVIII y de la primera mitad del XIX. La difusión de ciertos conceptos políticos se vio facilitada por su asociación con héroes del pasado que no solo aportaban legitimidad y prestigio sino también una fuerte carga emocional dado los valores que estos héroes representaban. Las consideraciones metodológicas se aplican al análisis de los usos políticos de dos personajes históricos: Padilla y Pelayo.Palabras claveEmociones, héroes nacionales, historia intelectual, siglo XIX

scholarly journals Politicizing Aesthetics

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Detsi-Diamanti
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Female Body ◽  
New World ◽  
White Male ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Indian Woman ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth

The aim of this paper is to explore the changing aesthetic and ideological connotations of the representation of America as an Indian woman in the sixteenth-century engravings of the discovery and conquest of the New World and the late-eighteenth-century political cartoons of America's national conflict and eventual secession from mother England. In both cases, the male enterprise of colonization and nation-making is aesthetically expressed in the fetishistic and symbolic representation of the female body as the simultaneously alluring and devouring female, seductively naked before the white male European, and as the victim of political violence and the national struggle for independence.

scholarly journals El precio de leer a los clásicos en el siglo XVIII: los lectores españoles de versiones vendidas por suscripción

2018 ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
María Jesús García Garrosa
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
Late Eighteenth

RESUMENEl estudio aborda los aspectos comercial y sociológico de la difusión de los clásicos en la España dieciochesca. Utilizaré dos tipos de fuentes: anuncios en la prensa sobre la puesta a la venta de ciertas obras significativas y listas de suscripción. El análisis de los precios y formas de comercialización supone un primer acercamiento al grado de difusión que pudieron alcanzar los autores clásicos en traducciones contemporáneas o en reediciones (normalmente revisadas, ampliadas o anotadas) de versiones del siglo XVI. Posteriormente estudiaré las listas de suscripción a cuatro obras vendidas por este sistema en la última década del siglo; los datos que esos listados proporcionan y la identificación de los nombres que figuran en ellos ayudarán a trazar un perfil sociocultural de sus compradores, permitiendo presentar una aproximación al público lector de las versiones españolas de autores clásicos en el último tercio del siglo XVIII.PALABRAS CLAVELibros vendidos por suscripción, autores grecolatinos, anuncios en la prensa, precios, perfil sociocultural de los lectores, España de finales del siglo XVIII. TITLEThe Price of Reading the Classics in the Eighteenth Century: Spanish Readers of Translations Sold by SubscriptionABSTRATCThe present study focuses on commercial and sociological features of the dissemination of classical texts in eighteenth-century Spain. It makes use of two types of source material: press advertisements detailing the sale of certain major works and subscription lists. The analysis of prices and retail methods in the press enables an initial calculation of purchase statistics for Spanish buyers achieved by new translations or re-editions(usually revised, amplified or annotated) of translations carried out in the sixteenth century. There follows an examination of subscription lists of four works sold by this method in the final decade of the eighteenth century. The data provided by such lists and the identification of those whose names they include permit a social and cultural profile of their purchasers to be constructed, providing a picture of the reading public for Spanish translations of classical authors in the final third of the eighteenth century.KEY WORDSBooks sold by subscription, Greek and Roman authors, press advertisements, prices, social and cultural profile of readership, late eighteenth-century Spain.

The Human Tide: A Review Essay

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1322-1339
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Guinnane
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Society ◽  
General Audience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Demographic Patterns

The Human Tide: How Population Shaped the Modern World, by Paul Morland, argues for the importance of demography in both historical events and our current situation. Intended for a general audience, the book traces demographic developments from the late eighteenth century, arguing that the timing and pace of demographic change helps to explain why some countries became powerful and others did not. The author continues the story into the twentieth century, discussing the changes in age structure and internal ethno-religious balances that are consequences of demographic patterns. Many readers will find the questions and themes in The Human Tide interesting. Unfortunately, the book misrepresents some research findings and is confused about important demographic concepts. The Human Tide deals with fundamental changes in human society over the past two centuries, but for a clear account of those changes, readers will have to go elsewhere. (JEL I12, J11, J13, J15, K37, N30)

From Traditional History to Maskilic History in Late Eighteenth-Century Germany

2001 ◽  
pp. 9-70
Author(s):  
Shmuel Feiner
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Intellectual ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Historical Phenomenon

This chapter discusses how ‘maskilic history’, developing in the circle of German maskilim during the last two decades of the eighteenth century, broke with ‘traditional Jewish history’. Just as the European Enlightenment had constructed a new picture of the past and proposed a kind of ‘philosophical history’, the Haskalah, functioning within the framework of its critical goals and demands for a reformed society, also created a new image of the past that presented a clear alternative to the traditional version. The new legitimization of historical study, the new division of history into periods, the belief in the historical turning-point and the shaping of ‘a modern age’, stemming from awareness of modernity, together with progressive programmes and realistic explanations, all characterized maskilic awareness of the past. They also made it possible to identify maskilic history as a specific historical phenomenon and an element of the consciousness of those Jewish intellectual circles that made pragmatic and didactic use of history. Maskilic history presented exemplary types, elevated historical heroes, and proposed moral explanations of events, all aimed at realizing the maskilic aspiration of creating a new, ideal Jew who would also be a universal man and a citizen of his country.

Theorizing Adaptation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamilla Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Asking why adaptation has been seen as more problematic to theorize than other humanities subjects, and why it has been more theoretically problematic in the humanities than in the sciences and social sciences, Theorizing Adaptation seeks to both explicate and redress “the problem of theorizing adaptation” through a metacritical history of theorizing adaptation from the late sixteenth century to the present, a metatheoretical theory of the relationship between theorization and adaptation in the humanities, and analysis of and experimentation with the rhetoric of theorizing adaptation. Adaptation was not always the bad theoretical object that it increasingly became from the late eighteenth century: in earlier centuries, adaptation was celebrated and valued as a means of aesthetic and cultural progress. Tracing the falling fortunes of adaptation under humanities theorization, the history nevertheless locates dissenting voices valorizing adaptation in every period. Adaptation studies can learn from history not only how to theorize adaptation more positively, but also to consider “the problem of theorization” for adaptation. The metatheoretical section finds that theorization and adaptation are rival, overlapping, inimical processes, each seeking to remake culture—and each other—in their images. It is not simply the case that adaptation has to adapt to theorization: rather, theorization needs to adapt to and through adaptation. The final section attends to the rhetoric of theorizing adaptation, analyzing how tiny pieces of rhetoric have constructed adaptation’s relationship to theorization, and turning to figurative rhetoric, or figuration, as a third process that can mediate between adaptation and theorization and refigure their relationship.

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