scholarly journals Lessons We Learned from the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kamruddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
And Control

The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) did not only cause a devastating effect on every corner of society but also taught us many important lessons. One of the lessons is on the importance of the principles of public health. We have seen this repeatedly in recent years during the emergence of SARS, Ebola, MARS and Nipah (Ahmed et al., 2019). The principles of public health have been effective in controlling these infections and we are confident that COVID-19 will be under control using these simple measures. As health professionals, we must set examples by following preventive measures, i.e. wearing mask properly, safe distancing and washing hands, to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19. Unfortunately, there is an erroneous concept in these measures however, therefore, cooperation of everybody in the community is necessary to overcome them.

Public health professionals’ perceptions of the capacity of China’s CDCs to address emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Xiaoliang Tong ◽  
Alana Hansen ◽  
Scott Hanson-Easey ◽  
Jianjun Xiang ◽  
Scott Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundChina’s capacity to control and prevent emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases is critical to the nation’s population health. This study aimed to explore the capacity of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) in China to deal with infectious diseases now and in the future.MethodsA survey was conducted in 2015 among 973 public health professionals at CDCs in Beijing and four provinces, to assess their capacity to deal with emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.ResultsAlthough most professionals were confident with the current capacity of CDCs to cope with outbreaks, nearly all indicated more funding was required to meet future challenges. Responses indicated that Yunnan Province faced more challenges than Anhui, Henan and Liaoning Provinces in being completely prepared and able to deal with outbreaks. Participants aged 20–39 years were more likely than those aged 40 and over to believe strategies such as interdisciplinary and international collaborations for disease surveillance and control, would assist capacity building.ConclusionThe capacity of China’s CDCs to deal with infectious diseases was excellent. However, findings suggest it is imperative to increase the number of skilled CDC staff, financial support, and strengthen county level staff training and health education programs.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Experiences of Health Professionals in the Peripheral Management of Leishmaniasis in Morocco (ELHajeb)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. El-Mouhdi ◽  
M. Fekhaoui ◽  
F. Elhamdaoui ◽  
H. Guessioui ◽  
A. Chahlaoui
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Mode Of Transmission ◽  
And Control

Background. Morocco hopes to eliminate leishmaniases by 2030. These diseases exist in cutaneous and visceral forms and constitute a serious public health problem. The fight against these parasitoses is carried out within the framework of a national program to control leishmaniases, which offers free treatment. However, the screening rate in public health structures does not exceed 35%. Objective. To determine the knowledge and experience of the social actors directly involved in the fight against leishmaniasis to contribute to analyse and understand the factors of this underreporting and to draw scientific recommendations to improve screening and control activities. Methods. Using a self-administered questionnaire, we conducted an exploratory survey during April and May 2019 among all health professionals working in public health structures in the province of ELHajeb in central Morocco. Results. We found that most of the health professionals had good knowledge about the clinical signs of each form of leishmaniasis, but they had erroneous information about the true vector of the disease, the reservoirs, and the mode of transmission. 76% recognized the national leishmaniases control program and only 17% received continuing education. 85% of these professionals focused on the curative aspects of the program. 47% stated that patients do not adhere to the antileishmaniasis treatment, and 25% stated that the population uses the concept of “Hboub of Chniwla” to refer to cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conclusion. The study concluded that the operationalization of the activities of the leishmaniases control program recognizes some weaknesses which explain the underscreening of cases. Improvement of this situation requires the implementation of continuous training programs for caregivers and awareness-raising programs for citizens which should focus on the mode of transmission, preventive measures against reservoirs, sand flies bites, and recognition of lesions using the popular names of the disease as a starting point.

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Confirmed Cases using ARIMA Models in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Chaudhry ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Muazam Abbas ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Khan ◽  
Tayyab Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Behavior ◽  
Near Future

<p>· COVID-19 pandemic has emerged and spread rapidly across the world </p> <p>· Novel behavior of coronavirus has been seen in Pakistan</p> <p>· Number of COVID-19 cases has been increasing despite many control and preventive measures taken by government of Pakistan</p> <p>· Mathematical models help public health professionals estimate the size of epidemic in near future </p>

scholarly journals Predicting COVID-19 Confirmed Cases using ARIMA Models in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambreen Chaudhry ◽  
Aamer Ikram ◽  
Muazam Abbas ◽  
Mumtaz Ali Khan ◽  
Tayyab Rathore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Arima Models ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Behavior ◽  
Near Future

<p>· COVID-19 pandemic has emerged and spread rapidly across the world </p> <p>· Novel behavior of coronavirus has been seen in Pakistan</p> <p>· Number of COVID-19 cases has been increasing despite many control and preventive measures taken by government of Pakistan</p> <p>· Mathematical models help public health professionals estimate the size of epidemic in near future </p>

scholarly journals Pertussis surveillance and control: exploring variations and delays in testing, laboratory diagnostics and public health service notifications, the Netherlands, 2010 to 2013

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne Heil ◽  
Henriëtte L G ter Waarbeek ◽  
Christian J P A Hoebe ◽  
Peter H A Jacobs ◽  
Dirk W van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Local Public Health ◽  
And Control

Pertussis is most severe among unvaccinated infants (< 1 year of age), and still leads to several reported deaths in the Netherlands every year. In order to avoid pertussis-related infant morbidity and mortality, pertussis surveillance data are used to guide pertussis control measures. However, more insight into the accuracy of pertussis surveillance and control, and into the range of healthcare and public health-related factors that impede this are needed. We analysed a unique combination of data sources from one Dutch region of 1.1 million residents, including data from laboratory databases and local public health notifications between 2010 and 2013. This large study (n = 12,090 pertussis tests) reveals possible misdiagnoses, substantial under-notification (18%, 412/2,301 laboratory positive episodes) and a delay between patient symptoms and notification to the local public health services (median 34 days, interquartile range (IQR): 27–54). It is likely that the misdiagnoses, under-notification and overall delay in surveillance data are not unique to this area of the Netherlands, and are generalisable to other countries in Europe. In addition to preventive measures such as maternal immunisation, based on current findings, we further recommend greater adherence to testing guidelines, standardisation of test interpretation guidelines, use of automatic notification systems and earlier preventive measures.

scholarly journals Documenting the prevention and struggle of the Moscow zemstvo with cholera in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
M. V. Ugryumova ◽  
M. V. Fomenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
Moscow Province ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
And Control

Based on the analysis of archival materials and periodical zemstvo publications, the process of documenting the work of zemstvo institutions in the Moscow province in the prevention and control of cholera epidemics in the second half of the XIX early XX centuries is studied, and documents on the activities of individual County zemstvos are considered. Various groups of archival documents from the collections of the Central state archive of Moscow are analyzed, which comprehensively reveal the difficulties of fighting and preventive measures aimed at preserving the health of the population of the Moscow province in the second half of the XIX century at the beginning of the twentieth century: minutes of meetings of zemstvo assemblies, divisions of the zemstvo responsible for fighting epidemics (first of all, the Sanitary Bureau of the Moscow zemstvo), acts of inspections of the rural population, memoirs of zemstvo doctors, epistolary documents (memories are of primary importance, including personal records of the Governor F.V. Dzhunkovsky, the head of the Moscow zemstvo sanitary Bureau P.I. Kurkin). The results of the formation and development of documentation support for Moscow zemstvo epidemiological medicine in the system of General national health care, aimed at comprehensive protection of public health, its protection and preservation, are summarized. Stressed the paramount importance of the collection of the Moscow provincial Council and district zemstvo in Moscow province, deposited in Central state archive of Moscow, to recreate a complete picture of the formation and development of zemstvo medicine in the Moscow province.

scholarly journals Counseling blood donors seropositive for human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II in a developing country

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-420
Author(s):  
Valéria M. A. Passos ◽  
Fátima F. Calazans ◽  
Anna Bárbara F. Carneiro-Proietti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
T Lymphotropic Virus ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Available Information

Human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II) are blood-transmitted retroviruses associated with leukemia, myelopathy, and uveitis. From 51,135 eligible blood donors at the Fundação Hemominas tested in 1993, 689 (1.35%) were repeatedly reactive to HTLV-I/II antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and were notified accordingly. Routes of transmission and preventive measures were emphasized in the orientation. Supplementary laboratory tests should be available and free of cost. Health services should recommend the use of latex condoms and make them available. Avoiding shared use of needles or syringes is important for both the seropositive donor and public health in general. In a country with such widespread malnutrition, the benefits of breast-feeding usually outweigh the risks of virus transmission. Based on our experience, we recommend that: 1) identical orientation be given to donors by all health professionals involved in counseling; 2) level of schooling be considered and information provided accordingly; 3) donors be assisted in understanding and assessing available information; 4) psychological assistance be provided to anxious or depressed donors; and 5) joint counseling be offered to donors with stable partners.

Oral health diseases among the older people: a general health perspective

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Health ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between oral health and general health is gaining interest in geriatric research; however, a lack of studies dealing with this issue from a general perspective makes it somewhat inaccessible to non-clinical public health professionals. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between oral health and general health of the elderly on the basis of literature review, and to give non-clinical medical professionals and public health professionals an overview of this discipline. Methods: This study was based on an in-depth review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between oral health and general health among the older people. The tools commonly used to evaluate dental health and the academic researches of male elderly people were also reviewed. And future research directions were summarized. Results: Dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, and xerostomia are common oral diseases among the older people. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the leading causes of missing teeth and edentulism. Xerostomia, similar to dry mouth, is another common oral health disease in the older people. No clear correlation exists between the subjective feeling of dryness and an objective decrease of saliva. Rather, both conditions can be explained by changes in saliva. The General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) are the main assessment tools used to examine oral health and quality of life in the older people. The GOHAI tends to be more sensitive to objective values pertaining to oral function. In addition, oral health studies in male elderly people are population-based cohort or cross-sectional studies, involving masticatory function, oral prevention, frailty problems, cardiovascular disease risk, and cognitive status. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce the incidence of certain oral diseases, even among individuals who take oral health care seriously. Oral health care should be based on the viewpoint of comprehensive treatment, including adequate nutrition, good life and psychology, and correct oral health care methods. In the future, researchers could combine the results of meta-analysis with the clinical experience of doctors to provide a more in-depth and broader discussion on oral health research topics concerning the older people.

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