scholarly journals Equine Therapy Interventions in Improving Language Aspects of Dyslexic Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavenia Kunasegran ◽  
◽  
Subramaniam Vijayaletchumy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Assumption ◽  
Auditory Comprehension ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Equine Therapy ◽  
Randomised Study ◽  
Spelling Ability ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Therapy Intervention

Animal-assisted therapies are being widely acknowledged for improving the needs of children with various difficulties. One of the many animal-assisted therapies that are known to be beneficial includes equine therapy. The primary aim of this research was to study the improved language aspects of dyslexic children after undergoing five equine therapy interventions. The five equine therapy interventions include friendly introduction to horses, auditory comprehension, phonological awareness, sentence mastery and spelling ability. A randomised study was done by selecting 16 dyslexic children from Malaysia Dyslexia Association in carrying out equine therapy. Results from the study done proved that the dyslexic children chosen has demonstrated vast improvement in the following aspects of language, namely comprehension, phonological, sentence mastery and spelling. The general assumption of this study is that every equine therapy intervention has its own unique objective and outcome on dyslexic children. Further research is required in this domain to study the long-term effects of equine therapy in other areas of special need children.

Who We Are: The Foundational Forces

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Social Stigma ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Race Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

This chapter examines the foundational forces that shape health. Even without a pandemic, the United States is faced with public health threats that are shaped by foundational forces. From the political and economic roots of the obesity epidemic, to the social stigma that informs the opioid crisis, to the many structural drivers of climate change, the social, economic, political, and demographic foundations of health are central to the challenges that must be addressed, nationally and globally, in the years to come. Engaging with these forces helped inform the response to COVID-19; they can help in addressing these other challenges as well. And just as a virus can have long-term effects on the body, the pandemic reshaped the societal foundations, with lasting implications for the economy, culture, attitudes towards core issues like race, politics, and more. Whether the experience of the pandemic leads to significant long-term benefits will depend on whether Americans retain the hard lessons of that moment and apply them to foundational forces.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles in Construction Materials and Other Applications, and Implications of Nanoparticle Use

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohajerani ◽  
Burnett ◽  
Smith ◽  
Kurmus ◽  
Milas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Nanoparticles are defined as ultrafine particles sized between 1 and 100 nanometres in diameter. In recent decades, there has been wide scientific research on the various uses of nanoparticles in construction, electronics, manufacturing, cosmetics, and medicine. The advantages of using nanoparticles in construction are immense, promising extraordinary physical and chemical properties for modified construction materials. Among the many different types of nanoparticles, titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, silica, copper, clay, and aluminium oxide are the most widely used nanoparticles in the construction sector. The promise of nanoparticles as observed in construction is reflected in other adoptive industries, driving the growth in demand and production quantity at an exorbitant rate. The objective of this study was to analyse the use of nanoparticles within the construction industry to exemplify the benefits of nanoparticle applications and to address the short-term and long-term effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health within the microcosm of industry so that the findings may be generalised. The benefits of nanoparticle utilisation are demonstrated through specific applications in common materials, particularly in normal concrete, asphalt concrete, bricks, timber, and steel. In addition, the paper addresses the potential benefits and safety barriers for using nanomaterials, with consideration given to key areas of knowledge associated with exposure to nanoparticles that may have implications for health and environmental safety. The field of nanotechnology is considered rather young compared to established industries, thus limiting the time for research and risk analysis. Nevertheless, it is pertinent that research and regulation precede the widespread adoption of potentially harmful particles to mitigate undue risk.

scholarly journals Cisplatin Ototoxicity in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Brock ◽  
Kaukab Rajput ◽  
Lindsey Edwards ◽  
Annelot Meijer ◽  
Philippa Simpkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Many

Cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapy medicine used in the treatment of many childhood cancers. Like all medications, cisplatin has many side effects and as always the treatment of cancer in children is a balance between the risks of the medications used and their potential benefits. While many side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy are reversible, one major side effect is permanent and irreversible hearing loss (ototoxicity) in both ears which may worsen with time. The severity of cisplatin-related ototoxicity is associated with age and the cumulative dose received: the younger the child and the higher the total dose, the more severe the hearing loss may be. The spectrum of hearing loss varies from mild to moderate high tone hearing loss, to profound loss across the hearing range and permanent deafness. In addition to hearing loss, some children, especially adolescents, also experience tinnitus and vertigo. Cisplatin ototoxicity is one of most important of the many long-term effects experienced by children who are cured of their cancer. The burden of this toxicity may be compounded by other long-term health issues that emerge with time. This chapter will focus on cisplatin-induced hearing loss, its mechanisms, its health impact on the young person and ways to mitigate or reduce the severity of ototoxicity. This chapter has been written by a multi-disciplinary team including paediatric oncologists, audiologists, a psychologist, a health scientist and a parent of a child growing up with high frequency hearing loss.

Language, Social Pragmatic Communication, and Childhood Trauma

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette D. Hyter
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Foster Home ◽  
Detention Center ◽  
Pragmatic Communication ◽  
The Many ◽  
Familial Caregivers ◽  
The U.S

This case focuses on the effects of trauma on the language and social pragmatic communication of a 10-year-old girl who was one of the many children separated from familial caregivers between 2016 and 2019 when she and her parents came to the U.S. from Central America seeking asylum due to gang violence and economic reasons. The child spent 8 months in the detention center without her parents and then was transferred to a foster home where she suffered neglect as well as physical and psychological abuse. This case study focuses on the long-term effects of structural violence and maltreatment on child development, and specifically on language and social pragmatic communication.

scholarly journals A framework for mapping and monitoring human-ocean interactions in near real-time during COVID-19 and beyond

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Ward-Paige ◽  
Easton R White ◽  
EMP Madin ◽  
LK Bailes ◽  
RL Bateman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ocean Monitoring ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The human response to the COVID-19 pandemic set in motion an unprecedented shift in human activity with unknown long-term effects. The impacts in marine systems are expected to be highly dynamic at local and global scales. However, in comparison to terrestrial ecosystems, we are not well-prepared to document these changes in marine and coastal environments. The problems are two-fold: 1) manual and siloed data collection and processing, and 2) reliance on marine professionals for observation and analysis. These problems are relevant beyond the pandemic and are a barrier to understanding rapidly evolving blue economies, the impacts of climate change, and the many other changes our modern-day oceans are undergoing. The “Our Ocean in COVID-19” project, which aims to track human-ocean interactions throughout the pandemic, uses the new eOceans platform (eOceans.co) to overcome these barriers. Working at local scales, a global network of ocean scientists and citizen scientists are collaborating to monitor the ocean in near real-time. The purpose of this paper is to bring this project to the attention of the marine conservation community and researchers wanting to track changes in their area. As our team continues to grow, this project will provide important baselines and temporal patterns for ocean conservation, policy, and innovation as society transitions towards a new normal. It may also provide a proof-of-concept for real-time, collaborative ocean monitoring that breaks down silos between academia, government, and at-sea stakeholders to create a stronger and more democratic blue economy with communities more resilient to ocean and global change.

Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Knowledge Sharing Initiatives

2010 ◽  
pp. 1287-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gee Woo Bock ◽  
Chen Way Siew ◽  
Youn Jung Kang
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Piece Rate ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Many

In the field of motivation, incentives are seen as a means of motivating people. Incentives are usually applied in the form of a scheme, such as piece-rate and fixed-rate monetary rewards. Since the field of knowledge management involves a certain measure of motivation, a number of organizations have used incentives to encourage their employees to share knowledge. Research to date concerning the role of incentives in knowledge sharing seems to contradict one another. Furthermore, when an incentive is sufficiently large, some individuals are inspired to increase their performance to reflect the incentive received (London & Oldham, 1976). Along with this negative disposition, intrinsically motivated individuals would experience a deterioration of such motivation due to the introduction of incentives, thus jeopardizing the whole knowledge sharing initiative (Deci, Koestner, & Ryan, 1999; Jordan, 1986). Some research (Bock & Kim, 2002; O’Dell & Grayson, 1998) has suggested a trigger effect that comes from implementing incentives. Empirical evidence concerning the long-term effects of incentives in the field of knowledge sharing is also lacking (Fossum, 1979; O’Dell & Grayson). This research seeks to consolidate the many different views of past research, investigating areas that are lacking. Is it possible to consolidate the different views of incentives in knowledge sharing? Are there differences between having fixed-rate, piece-rate, or no incentive schemes in knowledge sharing initiatives? Do incentives exhibit a triggering effect in motivating individuals to share their knowledge? Would the removal of incentives after the trigger period affect a knowledge sharing initiative? Will the continual increase of incentives remain effective in the long term for knowledge sharing initiatives? These research questions will be answered as the article progresses.

Evil Deeds in High Places

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Settje
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Many

Christians today participate as a significant force in politics, asserting their historic role as arbiters of morality and ethics in the process despite being of very different minds about what that means. Evil Deeds in High Places examines Christian responses to the Watergate affair that brought about the debate over impeachment and resignation of Richard M. Nixon. It demonstrates how Christians contributed to the debate over this moral and ethical crisis, and reveals how the Watergate moment became a turning point in twentieth-century American history for Christian engagement with politics. This study uncovers Protestant reactions to Watergate and traces the long-term effects of Protestants’ efforts on the American political landscape. The sampling of periodicals, denominations, and individuals herein presents much diversity in terms of theological and political outlooks, to further highlight the many points of view that a “Christian lens” contributes. Within Protestant Christianity there were significant variations in responses to the proceedings, offering an important step in surfacing the opinions of everyday Americans to Watergate. Moreover, the engagement of Protestants with the political crisis had particularly important ramifications for American politics, which persist to this day. Protestants engaged Watergate in order to solve the moral catastrophe and, as a result, intensified their political activities. In inching into this realm, they became accustomed to having political influence.

scholarly journals THE OKIJA SHRINE: DEATH AND LIFE IN NIGERIAN POLITICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN ELLIS
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
The Many

ABSTRACTThe Nigerian police discovered dozens of corpses at a shrine in Anambra State, in southeastern Nigeria, in 2004. There were suggestions in the many newspapers covering the story that these were evidence of what Nigerians call ‘ritual murders’. In fact, the corpses almost certainly were of people who had died elsewhere and been removed to the shrine only subsequently. However, the revelation that senior political figures had attended the Okija shrine and sworn oaths there drew attention to an informal politics in which traditional shrines credited with powers of life and death may play an important role, of interest even to national politicians. Discerning why this is so entails considering the long-term effects of the colonial policy of Indirect Rule and the subsequent development of a clandestine political system in which local religious institutions sometimes play an important role.

Natural Experiments and Causality in Economic History: On Their Relations to Theory and Temporality

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-728
Author(s):  
Sacha Bourgeois-Gironde ◽  
Éric Monnet
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Common Understanding

A recent and influential research methodology, mainly endorsed by economists, proposes to renew historical analysis based on the notions of natural experiment and causality. It has the dual ambition of unifying various disciplines around a common understanding of causality in order to tackle major historical questions (such as the role of colonization, political regimes, or religion in economic development) and of making the analysis of history more scientific. The definition of causality it promotes—of the “interventionist” type—tends to liken historical events to laboratory experiments. This is articulated with a neo-institutionalist perspective aimed at measuring the long-term effects of past institutional changes, which are considered exogenous. In the first part of this article, we present the ambitions, contributions, methods, and hypotheses (implicit and explicit) of this approach, showing how it differs from more traditional quantitative economic history and placing it in the context of the recent empirical and neo-institutionalist “turns” of the economic discipline. In a second stage, we consider the criticism—often scathing—voiced by historians or economists against this method and its objectives. Finally, we emphasize the many difficulties posed by this approach when it comes to taking into account the historicity of phenomena, to producing general statements based on particular cases, and to providing a complete and coherent definition of causality in history.

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