scholarly journals Insecticidal efficacy of Rubus steudneri and Rubus apetalus against Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
H. L Raghavendra ◽  
T. R. Prashith Kekuda ◽  
Chaithra R. Shetty ◽  
Manjula Shantaram
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Culex Mosquitoes ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Introduction and Aim: Rubus steudneri Schweinf. and Rubus apetalus Poir. belonging to the family Rosaceae is one of the ethnomedicinal plants used widely in Ethiopia as food, for construction and as medicine. To the best of our knowledge, insecticidal activity of R. steudneri and R. apetalus has not been investigated so far. In this study, we report insecticidal efficacy of R. steudneri and R. apetalus in terms of larvicidal effect against II and III instar larvae of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Materials and Methods: The shade-dried and powdered leaves were extracted using methanol by maceration process. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined by larvicidal assay against II and III instar larvae of Aedes and Culex species. LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Results: The leaf extract of both Rubus species exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal effect. II instar larvae were shown to be highly susceptible than III instar larvae. Among leaf extracts, extract of R. steudneri exhibited marked insecticidal activity when compared to extract of R. apetalus as revealed by lower LC50 and LC90 values. Culex larvae displayed marked susceptibility to leaf extracts when compared to Aedes larvae. Conclusion: Marked larvicidal effect was observed against larvae of Culex species when compared to Aedes species as indicated by lower LC50 and LC90 values. It is evident that the leaf extracts of both Rubus contain insecticidal principles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Stem and Leaf Extracts of Himalayan Tinospora cordifolia Hook.f. & Thomson

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Upadhyay ◽  
Lalit M. Tewari ◽  
Geeta Tewari ◽  
Neha Chopra ◽  
Naveen C. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Stem Extract

Background: Medicinal plants are considered a rich source of ingredients, which can be used in drug development and synthesis. Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Hook.f. & Thomson, commonly known as guduchi, heart-leaved moonseed and giloya is a herbaceous vine of the family Menispermaceae, has several beneficial properties including antioxidant activity. Aim: The present study was carried out to analyze the antioxidant activity of leaf and stem extracts of Tinospora cordifolia by using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2´-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical scavenging assays. Materials and Methods: Dried and powdered leaves and stem of T. cordifolia were extracted with methanol. Ascorbic acid was taken as standard. Total phenolic content was estimated by using Folin-ciocalteu's reagent while total flavonoid content by aluminium chloride reagent to find the correlation of polyphenols with antioxidant activity. ABTS assay of methanolic leaf and stem extracts showed the highest scavenging activity as compared to the DPPH assay. Results: Methanolic stem extract showed higher phenolic and flavonoid content along with antioxidant activity as compared to the methanolic leaf extract. Conclusion: The stem extract exhibited more antioxidant activity than the leaf extract with regards to the all parameters analyzed.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and repellent activities of the chloroform extracts of Urena sinuata L. against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abdullah ◽  
A Kumar Pk ◽  
DKMA Saleh ◽  
A R Khan ◽  
N Islam
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Stem Extract

The insecticidal and repellent activity tests of the chloroform extracts of fruit, leaf, root and stem of Urena sinuata L. against the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum L. adults have been conducted. The leaf, root and stem extracts showed high toxicity by giving mortality of the beetles within 30 min. of exposure. The LD50 values for the 12, 24, 36 and 48h of exposures were 0.354, 0.262, 0.209 and 0.196mg cm2 for the fruit extract; 0.587, 0.413, 0.355 and 0.299mg cm2 for the leaf extract; 0.440, 0.389, 0.340 and 0.268mg cm2 for the root extract and 0.968, 0.661, 0.491 and 0.362mg cm2 for the stem extract. The insecticidal activity can be arranged in the order of fruit> root> leaf> stem extracts. The root and stem showed repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at P<0.01 and P<0.05 levels of significance, while the fruit and the leaf extracts did not show repellency at all. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10740 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 25-28

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Ageratum conyzoides (Babandotan) Leaf Extract and Sapindus rarak (Lerak) Fruit Extract in Control of Myzus persicae in Chili Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Djamilah Djamilah ◽  
Umm Ro'ina Rosyda ◽  
Yudhi Harini Bertham
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Chili is one of the important agricultural commodities in Indonesia.  Myzus persicae Sulz. is one of the important pests in Chili cultivation because it can cause damage up to 80%. Nabati insecticide utilization is one of the safer alternatives to control and more environmentally friendly than synthetic insecticides. One Nabati insecticide utilization that can be used in controlling pests are Ageratum conyzoides L extract and Sapindus rarak D.C  extract . The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of A. Conyzoides extract S. rarak extracts and extract S. rarak mixture of both in the control of M. persicae. This research was factorial, treatment consisted of 2 factors: 1 Nabati insecticide consists of  A. Conyzoides and S. Rarak and factor of 2 each given concentration is 0 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml, 30 ml. Using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 16 treatments 3 replications. The results variance showed that the treatment performed with extracts from A. conyzoides effect on mortality, damage to crops, M. persicae life,  and leaf greenness level after treatment. Extract treatment S. Rarak effect on mortality, M. persicae life and leaf greenness level after treatment. While treatment mix A. conyzoides leaf extracts and fruit extracts S. rarak effect on mortality, M. persicae life. The results showed that the treatment is effective in controlling pests aphids M. persicae are A. conyzoides leaf extract mixture of 30 ml and 30 ml S. rarak fruit extract with the highest mortality value of 96.14%, which gives a real influence in the control of aphids M. persicae and different real control. LC50 and LC90 showed the best application in the control extract are 18.46 ml and 51.86 ml.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK DAUN DAN BIJI TEPHROSIA VOGELII J. D. HOOKER (LEGUMINOSAE) DAN EKSTRAK BUAH PIPER CUBEBA L. (PIPERACEAE) TERHADAP LARVA CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Muhamad Abizar ◽  
Djoko Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Seed Extracts

Insecticidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii J. D. Hooker (Leguminosae) and fruit extract of Piper cubeba L. (Piperaceae) on the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).  Ethyl acetate leaf and seed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii and a solid fraction of ethyl acetate fruit extract of Piper cubeba were evaluated for their insecticidal activity on second-instar larvae Crocidolomia pavonana by a leaf-residue feeding method in the laboratory.  Leaf extracts of purple and white-flowered T. vogelii showed the same pattern of component separation on silica gel TLC plate (Rf between 0.21 and 0.94), and likewise the separation of components of seed extracts of purple and white-flowered T. vogelii (Rf between 0.31 and 0.96).  All four kinds of T. vogelii extracts showed intense UV-absorbing nonpolar spots (Rf > 0.8).  Based on LC50 ratio at day 4, leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii (LC50 0.075%) was 4.30, 2.70, 2.21, and 1.64 times more toxic than fruit extract of P. cubeba, seed extract of white-flowered T. vogelii, seed extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii, and leaf extract of white-flowered T. vogelii, respectively.  All T. vogelii extracts were more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than P. cubeba fruit extract.  At LC95 level, a mixture of leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii and fruit extract of P. cubeba (5:9, w/w) was more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than each extract tested separately.  This extract mixture had synergistic joint action against C. pavonana larvae both at LC50 and LC95 level.  Thus, leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii and its mixture with P. cubeba fruit extract are promising to be used for controlling C. pavonana.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents and Insecticidal Efficacy of the Root and Leaf Powders of Mimosa diplotricha and Aspilia africana against Callosobruchus maculates (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652
Author(s):  
O.O. Uyi ◽  
C.C. Udeogwu ◽  
J. Rotimi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
High Level ◽  
Treatment Concentration

This study investigated the efficacy of the root and leaf powders of Aspilia africana and Mimosa diplotricha against the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Newly emerged adults of C. maculatus were exposed to grains treated with one of four treatments (powders: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of the two plants at different exposure period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Both A. africana and M. diplotricha exhibited a high level of mortality which was a function of treatment concentration and of exposure time. At 96 hours of exposure, 2 g of the root and leaf powders of A. africana caused 70% and 54% mortality respectively, in C. maculatus. When C. maculatus was exposed to 2 g for a 96-hour exposure, the root and leaf powders of M. diplotricha, however, resulted in 52% and 50% mortality respectively. Although powders from all four treatment types exhibited insecticidal activities by causing varying levels of mortality in C. maculatus, the highest death rate was caused by the root powder of A. africana. Qualitative analysis of the plants revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides were present in the leaf extracts of A. africana and M. diplotricha. The moderately high insecticidal activity demonstrated by the root powders suggest that they hold more potential in the control of C. maculatus compared to the leaf powders. Keywords: Mimosa diplotricha, Aspilia africana, phytochemical constituents, Callosobruchus maculatus

Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Puspa Julistia Puspita ◽  
Mega Safithri ◽  
Nirmala Peni Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Herbal Plants

Piper crocatum is one of medicinal herbal plants with a large number of benefits. Usually herbal plants have activity as antibacterial agent. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to obtain information on antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum againts four types of bacteria, in that Staphylococcus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then to analyze the phytochemistry of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum. The leaves of Piper crocatum were extracted by maceration and reflux using ethanol 30%. The assays of the antibacterial activities and phytochemistry on the extracts were carried out using the method of Maria Bintang. Results showed that the yield of the extraction using ethanol by maceration method was 20.8%. Meanwhile, using the reflux method, the yield was obtained about 26.25%. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum contained alkaloid, steroid and tanin. According to this study, it was found that the leaf extract of Piper crocatum can be used to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeuruginosa, but can not inhibit the growth of E.coli and S. aureus.

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Extract of the Invasive Alien Plant, Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae) Against Macrotermes species (Termites)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
O. Uyi, ◽  
I.G. Amolo ◽  
A.D. Adetimehin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Worker Caste

Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Yustina M.S.W Puu ◽  
Hildegardis Nalti Nansi
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Contact Poison ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.

Phytochemical profile and insecticidal activity of Agave americana leaf extract towards Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 19468-19480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Mami Maazoun ◽  
Soumaya Haouel Hamdi ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa ◽  
Chokri Messaoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytoconstituents from Alcoholic Extracts of Four Woody Species and Their Potential Uses for Management of Six Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Identified from Some Plant Hosts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽  
Abeer A. Mohamed ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Dunia A. Al Al Farraj
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Conium Maculatum

Background: Trees are good sources of bioactive compounds as antifungal and antioxidant activities. Methods: Management of six molecularly identified Fusarium oxysporum isolates (F. oxy 1, F. oxy 2, F. oxy 3, F. oxy 4, F. oxy 5 and F. oxy 6, under the accession numbers MW854648, MW854649, MW854650, MW854651, and MW854652, respectively) was assayed using four extracts from Conium maculatum leaves, Acacia saligna bark, Schinus terebinthifolius wood and Ficus eriobotryoides leaves. All the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-VWD for phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCB) bleaching assays. Results: In mg/kg extract, the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds p-hydroxy benzoic, benzoic, gallic, and rosmarinic acids, with 444.37, 342.16, 311.32 and 117.87, respectively, were observed in C. maculatum leaf extract; gallic and benzoic acids with 2551.02, 1580.32, respectively, in A. saligna bark extract; quinol, naringenin, rutin, catechol, and benzoic acid with 2530.22, 1224.904, 798.29, 732.28, and 697.73, respectively, in S. terebinthifolius wood extract; and rutin, o-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid with 9168.03, 2016.93, 1009.20, 1156.99, and 574.907, respectively, in F. eriobotryoides leaf extract. At the extract concentration of 1250 mg/L, the antifungal activity against the growth of F. oxysporum strains showed that A. saligna bark followed by C. maculatum leaf extracts had the highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG%) against F. oxy 1 with 80% and 79.5%, F. oxy 2 with 86.44% and 78.9%, F. oxy 3 with 86.4% and 84.2%, F. oxy 4 with 84.2, and 82.1%, F. oxy 5 with 88.4% and 86.9%, and F. oxy 6 with 88.9, and 87.1%, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract from C. maculatum leaves showed the lowest concentration that inhibited 50% of DPPH free radical (3.4 μg/mL). Additionally, the same extract observed the lowest concentration (4.5 μg/mL) that inhibited BCB bleaching. Conclusions: Extracts from A. saligna bark and C. maculatum leaves are considered potential candidates against the growth of F. oxysporum isolates—a wilt pathogen—and C. maculatum leaf as a potent antioxidant agent.

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