scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents and Insecticidal Efficacy of the Root and Leaf Powders of Mimosa diplotricha and Aspilia africana against Callosobruchus maculates (Fab.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652
Author(s):  
O.O. Uyi ◽  
C.C. Udeogwu ◽  
J. Rotimi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
High Level ◽  
Treatment Concentration

This study investigated the efficacy of the root and leaf powders of Aspilia africana and Mimosa diplotricha against the cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus. Newly emerged adults of C. maculatus were exposed to grains treated with one of four treatments (powders: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g) of the two plants at different exposure period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Both A. africana and M. diplotricha exhibited a high level of mortality which was a function of treatment concentration and of exposure time. At 96 hours of exposure, 2 g of the root and leaf powders of A. africana caused 70% and 54% mortality respectively, in C. maculatus. When C. maculatus was exposed to 2 g for a 96-hour exposure, the root and leaf powders of M. diplotricha, however, resulted in 52% and 50% mortality respectively. Although powders from all four treatment types exhibited insecticidal activities by causing varying levels of mortality in C. maculatus, the highest death rate was caused by the root powder of A. africana. Qualitative analysis of the plants revealed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides were present in the leaf extracts of A. africana and M. diplotricha. The moderately high insecticidal activity demonstrated by the root powders suggest that they hold more potential in the control of C. maculatus compared to the leaf powders. Keywords: Mimosa diplotricha, Aspilia africana, phytochemical constituents, Callosobruchus maculatus

scholarly journals Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities of Chemically-Characterized Essential Oils from the Leaves of Withania frutescens L.

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
El Moussaoui Abdelfattah ◽  
Allali Aimad ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Khalid Chebbac ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Significant Mortality

The current study was conducted to investigate antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oil extracted from the Moroccan Withania frutescens L. (EOW), and their chemical composition was profiled. To achieve this goal, EOW was extracted by the hydro-distillation method and their phytochemical constituents were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses (GC-MS). Insecticidal activity was evaluated by use of four tests: contact toxicity, inhalation toxicity, and repellent tests. Antifungal activity was evaluated on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Ciceris (F. oxysporum) using different concentrations of EOW. GC/MS analysis revealed that EOW was rich in carvacrol (31.87%), thymol (30.08%), and camphor (9.13%). At a 1-µL/L dose, EOW exhibited mortality rates of 23.13 ± 1.07% and 24.41 ± 1.21% against Callosobruchus maculatus (C.maculatus) by inhalation and contact, respectively. Notably, EOW dose of 20 μL/L caused significant mortality rates of 95.1 ± 3.5% and 76.69 ± 1.71% by inhalation and contact, respectively. EOW exhibited an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth against the tested fungi F. oxysporum of 100% and 93.5 ± 1.1% for the 9 and 4.5 mg/mL doses, respectively. The reduced mycelial growth rate for F. oxysporum was recorded to be 0.3 ± 0.1 and 0.6 ± 0.1 mm/h for the EOW doses of 2.25 and 4.5 mg/mL, respectively. The outcome of the present work showed that EOW has a promising antifungal and insecticidal activity, and it can therefore be employed as a natural alternative insecticidal and mycocidal agent to replace the chemically-synthesized ones.

scholarly journals Insecticidal efficacy of Rubus steudneri and Rubus apetalus against Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
H. L Raghavendra ◽  
T. R. Prashith Kekuda ◽  
Chaithra R. Shetty ◽  
Manjula Shantaram
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Culex Mosquitoes ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Introduction and Aim: Rubus steudneri Schweinf. and Rubus apetalus Poir. belonging to the family Rosaceae is one of the ethnomedicinal plants used widely in Ethiopia as food, for construction and as medicine. To the best of our knowledge, insecticidal activity of R. steudneri and R. apetalus has not been investigated so far. In this study, we report insecticidal efficacy of R. steudneri and R. apetalus in terms of larvicidal effect against II and III instar larvae of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes. Materials and Methods: The shade-dried and powdered leaves were extracted using methanol by maceration process. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined by larvicidal assay against II and III instar larvae of Aedes and Culex species. LC50 and LC90 values were calculated. Results: The leaf extract of both Rubus species exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal effect. II instar larvae were shown to be highly susceptible than III instar larvae. Among leaf extracts, extract of R. steudneri exhibited marked insecticidal activity when compared to extract of R. apetalus as revealed by lower LC50 and LC90 values. Culex larvae displayed marked susceptibility to leaf extracts when compared to Aedes larvae. Conclusion: Marked larvicidal effect was observed against larvae of Culex species when compared to Aedes species as indicated by lower LC50 and LC90 values. It is evident that the leaf extracts of both Rubus contain insecticidal principles.

Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Tahseen Ghous ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
Saiqa Andleeb ◽  
Saira Khizar ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Iron ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Assay ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

The results of antioxidant assays with Gymnema sylvestre leaf extracts revealed that methanol, acetone, and aqueous extracts possessed maximum DPPH (83, 83, and 75%) and ABTS scavenging potential (85, 71, and 82%). Chloroform possessed maximum total flavonoid (24.6 mg/100 ml) and total iron contents (435.3 ± 0.0125 mg FeSO4 E/G). The extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform of Gymnema sylvestre leaves displayed an IC50 value of 170.2, 44.4, 131.6 μg/ml, respectively in α-glucosidase inhibition assay. Methanol and aqueous extracts showed maximum inhibition of E. ammni (17 ± 2.0 and 19.6 ± 0.57 mm), E. coli (15.3 ± 0.57 and 17.6 ± 0.57 mm), and S. aureus (16.6 ± 1.52 and 19.3 ± 1.15 mm). It may be concluded that all potential effects of G. sylvestre leaf extracts were due to the presence of phytochemical constituents such as flavonoids, steroids, quinones, phenols, triterpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. Present findings suggest that these extracts present a satisfactory source for the preparation of antioxidant and antidiabetic medicines.

scholarly journals Comparing Social Knowledge Construction of College English Language Learners in Groups Characterized by Facilitative and Directive Other-Regulation: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Ye Tao ◽  
Yanyan Li
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
High Level

Many studies have explored the role of regulation of learning in supporting social knowledge construction. Other-regulation is a common regulation type in collaborative learning. However, few studies have examined learners` social knowledge construction in other-regulation groups. This study attempts to provide a new lens to understand the role of regulation of learning in supporting social knowledge construction and broaden our knowledge about two forms of other-regulation within groups. Toward that end, this study compares social knowledge construction in groups characterized by facilitative and directive other-regulation. The two case groups of four in this study were selected from a larger sample (N=22). Content analysis and sequential analysis were used to analyze the online chat log collected from two groups. The comparison was made in terms of the frequency and behaviour pattern of social knowledge construction between the two groups. Qualitative analysis was adopted to explore the interrelation between social knowledge construction and two forms of other-regulation. Results indicate that the facilitative other-regulation group engaged in more high-level social knowledge construction and demonstrated more continuous and systematic behaviour patterns. Further qualitative analysis reveals that facilitative other-regulation occurred concurrently with social knowledge construction and played a promoting role in this process. In contrast, directive other-regulation followed social knowledge construction but failed to guide the subsequent knowledge construction moves, ending in impeding the ongoing of social knowledge construction smoothly.

Corruption control and prevention in the Korean government

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Wook Choi
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Korean Government ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how corruption has changed over time in South Korea and to explore how the corruption control and prevention efforts of the Korean government have been successful and failed. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on institutional theory to formulate a qualitative analysis to assess the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and measures, and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of anti-corruption reform efforts in South Korea. Findings This paper argues that while the Korean government has been quite successful in building anti-corruption institutions to control low-level petty corruption, it has failed to institutionalize anti-corruption institutions to curb high-level grand corruption. Originality/value While many studies have attempted to identify the successful factors of fighting corruption, this paper draws a theoretical distinction between institution-building vs institutionalization to examine the success and failure of corruption control and prevention efforts in South Korea.

Use of Microwave Heating Technology for Disinfestation of Stored Green Gram (Vigna radiata) against Cowpea Bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kooner ◽  
D.K. Sharma ◽  
K.S. Suri
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Cowpea Bruchid ◽  
Heating Technology

Background: Pulses are an integral component of food in India which acts as major source of protein required for growth and maintenance of body. But during their storage they suffer heavy losses resulting in depletion of their quality and edibility. The present studies focused on disinfestation of green gram grains using microwaves as an alternative approach to chemical methods for controlling insects in grains and pulses. Methods: In this laboratory studies during 2017-18, the grains of green gram were infested with different life stages of the cowpea weevil and exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 W microwave power levels, each at an exposure period of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s. Result: Eggs were the most susceptible, while pupal and adults were the least susceptible life stages to microwave treatments. Complete mortality of eggs was achieved with microwave treatments (400, 600 and 800 W), each at an exposure period of 30 and 40 s. Complete inhibition of larval stage was attained with 400 and 600 W (30 and 40 s) and 800 W (20, 30 and 40 s exposure) while for pupal stage it was observed at the higher wattages of 600 (40 s exposure) and 800 (30 and 40 s exposure). Microwave wattage of 600 W for 40 sand 800 W for 30 and 40 s exposure caused 100% mortality of 2d old adults of cowpea bruchid.

scholarly journals Assessment of the insecticidal activity of oral afoxolaner against Phlebotomus perniciosus in dogs

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nadège Perier ◽  
Wilfried Lebon ◽  
Leon Meyer ◽  
Noua Lekouch ◽  
Nesrine Aouiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Phlebotomus Perniciosus ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Twelve healthy dogs were included in this laboratory efficacy study. Six dogs were randomly allocated based on body weight to an untreated control group and six to an afoxolaner (NexGard®) treated group. In the treatment group, afoxolaner was administered orally on Day 0 in accordance with label instructions. On Days 1, 14 and 28, each dog was exposed to 60 unfed female and 10 male Phlebotomus perniciosus sandflies for 1 h. At the end of each exposure period, sandflies were counted and assessed for viability and feeding status. There was no statistical difference in mortality (0.0–5.4%), nor in feeding proportion (61.6–78%) between the control and the treated groups at all 1-h post-exposure assessments. After collection, live fed and unfed sandflies were kept for viability assessments at 48 and 72 h post-exposure. In the untreated control group, the average percentages of live, fed, female sandflies after exposure, on Days 1, 14 and 28, ranged from 51% to 74% at 48 h and from 46% to 57% at 72 h, demonstrating model robustness over the 28 days of the study. Significantly fewer live fed sandflies were recorded for the afoxolaner treated group (p < 0.01). The insecticidal efficacy was 100%, 95.9% and 75.2% at 48 h post Days 1, 14 and 28 exposures, respectively, and 100%, 100% and 86.3% at 72 h post Days 1, 14, and 28 exposures, respectively. A single administration of oral afoxolaner (NexGard®) to dogs significantly killed P. perniciosus sandflies 48 and 72 h after blood feeding for 1 month.

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