scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence, the Need of the Hour

Esculapio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Sarwat Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Graphic Processing Units ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Artificial Intelli

Fourth Industrial revolution is currently sweeping the high-income countries (HIC) with Artificial Intelli- gence (AI) based automation affecting virtually every aspect of life. The term AI was first coined by McCar- thy in 1956. It was not until 2000s that AI began to thrive. The evolution of AI into the current status occurred in the last decade owing to the enhanced computing power using Graphic Processing Units (GPU), development of high-powered computer languages, and the emergence of the Big Data. The latter is generated through wireless communication between ‘Smart’ sensors/devices and self-learning machines. The word ‘smart’ is applied to any device that has memory and is able to connect with data networks such as the internet and the processors. In the last few years, there has been exponential growth in AI applications. This can be judged by the projec- tion that the AI field will add $ 15 Trillion to global economy, by the year 2030, up from $ 600 Million in 2016. This will occur mostly in the HIC. The adoption of AI by low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) lags far behind that of HICs. The LMICs would miss out in the economic benefits, further widening the global inequalities. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are branches of AI that are beginning to form the basis of the automation of financial and business decisions, and are the tools of self-driving cars, industrial produc- tion, data analytics, quality improvement and health- care processes to name a few. In healthcare, some of the AI applications have shown to enhance patient care, reduce medical errors, support clinical and administrative decision making, automate equipment maintenance and help reduce operational cost. For instance, AI led cost reductions achieved up to 25 percent drop in the length of hospital stay and up to 91 per cent reduction in admissions to step down facili- ties. In the United States alone, by the year 2026, AI in healthcare is estimated to realize $150 billion in annual cost savings.

scholarly journals CDIO Approach in Developing Teacher Training Program to Meet Requirement of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Nhi Thi Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Van Thai ◽  
Huong Thi Pham ◽  
Giang Chau Thi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Current Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Teacher Training Programs ◽  
And Training

In the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 and integration of the Vietnamese economy into the global economy, Vietnam's education and training has been increasingly developed and increasingly deeply integrated into the world. The development of teacher training programs is considered an urgent issue, a prerequisite to contribute positively to the development of education and training in the country. However, the first period of integration shows that teachers have many limitations in practical skills, soft skills, and foreign languages when working in a modern environment. These limitations are due to many factors; one of the basic factors is that the training programs at teacher training facilities are mainly focused on knowledge towards approaching content. Therefore, the development of training programs in general and teacher training programs in particular in the direction of developing necessary skills that society requires learners to have, in order to work and develop their qualities after graduation, to meet the integration needs in the context of the industrial revolution 4.0 is an important trend in the world and especially for Vietnam in the current period. CDIO stands for words: Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate. It is a solution to improve the quality of training to meet social requirements, on the basis of determining the outcome standards, developing programs and training plans; It is also the idea of universities, technical institutes of the United States and Sweden in the early 90s of the last century with the intention of training students after graduation with full knowledge and skills such as: communication skills, personal skills ... and immediate access to the labor market, meeting the needs of the business. In this article, we focus on the solution to develop teacher training programs under the CDIO approach to meet the requirements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in higher education institutions in Vietnam.

scholarly journals World Geopolitical Competition in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-351
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
The World

Article analyzes predictive estimates and concepts presented by the Western intellectual community, regarding prospects for development of new trends in the global economy, caused by the fourth industrial revolution. Author draws on a variety of sources, including reports from US think tanks, works by representatives of global financial and technocratic elite, and works by American intellectuals. Methodological basis of the study is a theory of the world system of I. Wallerstein, which allows to identify dynamic and conflicting lines of interaction between two geopolitical centers of the world - the United States and China. Based on an analysis of current trends, modern experts predict revolutionary changes in modern technologies that can decisively affect socio-political stability, not only in Western countries, but in developing countries as well. Author shows that the new technological structure is changing not only sector structure of the economy, but also has a strong impact on employment. According to American analysts, new technologies can destabilize socio-political stability in any country, especially in countries where cheap labor is a traditional tool. Robotization and automation of production can become a competitive advantage of the United States and Western countries in competition with China. Article notes that Russia is only at the very beginning of technological revolution, behind big five leading countries. Overcoming its lag in the field of AI and robotics requires adoption of comprehensive measures of economic, scientific and political nature. Ignoring realities of technological progress is fraught with increase in threats to national security.

scholarly journals Addressing cost and time barriers in chronic disease management through telemedicine: an exploratory research in select low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231989158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleem Sayani ◽  
Momina Muzammil ◽  
Karima Saleh ◽  
Abdul Muqeet ◽  
Fabiha Zaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
P Value ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Despite evidence supporting telehealth provision in developed countries, there is limited evidence regarding its economic benefits for patients living in areas where access and cost present major barriers to health care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study explores the economic benefits of telemedicine for patients, in terms of cost and times savings, and its potential role in improving chronic disease outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study compared telemedicine services with hypothetical in-person consultations, with a focus on patient travel time and travel cost savings. A database containing teleconsultation visits ( N = 25,182) conducted at health facilities in remote regions of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and the Kyrgyz Republic, was analyzed. A two-sample homoscedastic t test was used to determine differences between the two groups. A one-way sensitivity analysis was also conducted, presuming in-person teleconsultations at 90%, 75%, and 50%. Results: The study extracted data from 25,182 teleconsultation visits (12,814 males; 12,368 females). The cumulative patient savings through the program amounted to USD 9,175,132, and 1,876,146 h, or 213.1 years. A significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of mean time savings ( p-value <0.05), and a nearly significant difference was observed in terms of mean cost savings ( p-value = 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that considerable economic benefits imparted to patients in low-resource settings of LMICs via accessing telemedicine. Telemedicine has great potential to improve chronic disease outcomes in low-resource areas by reducing socioeconomic barriers related to cost and access, and increasing uptake of services, thereby enabling early intervention and long-term management.

scholarly journals Economic Benefits of a Routine Second Dose of Combined Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine in Canada

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rivière ◽  
Roma Tretiak ◽  
Carey Levinton ◽  
Catherine Fitzsimon ◽  
Caroline Leclerc
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Considerable Cost ◽  
Lifetime Costs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential economic benefits of a program for a second routine dose of combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, administered to children in Canada.DESIGN: Both published and unpublished data from the United States and Canada were incorporated into a linear model. This information was supplemented with opinions on probability and resource use from interviews with a Canadian panel of physicians and practitioners. The province of Quebec was used as a model for resource use and costs.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were based on a vaccination program for Canadian children at 18 months, with an estimated annual birth cohort of 400,000. Further data were also collected for the lifetime costs of complications arising from these diseases or from vaccination, for both patients and family caregivers.OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were reviewed from the perspectives of a provincial ministry of health (direct medical costs) and of society (all direct and indirect medical and nonmedical costs).RESULTS: It was estimated that a second dose of MMR vaccine administered at 18 months of age would prevent 9200 cases of measles, 6120 cases of mumps and 1960 cases of rubella, producing a savings of $6.34 for every dollar spent from the ministry of health perspective, and $3.25 from the societal perspective.CONCLUSIONS: A routine second dose immunization with MMR vaccine would result in considerable cost savings in Canada.

scholarly journals The Industry and Public Finance of the USA and Europe in the XXI Century — the Decline Anatomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
The Usa

The subject of the researchis the dynamics of industrial development in the USA and Europe over the past 15 years.The purpose of the paperwas critical examination of the widely accepted practice of studying the economy in terms of cost indicators. The paper analyzes primarily natural indicators that point to a deep industrial crisis in the United States and European countries who are losing their leadership in such innovative areas as electronics, semiconductor devices, robotics, renewable energy for reasons of a long-term gap in innovation and the chosen economic model. Until the beginning of the XX century, the USA and Europe developed on the principles of a free market economy formulated by Adam Smith that led to the industrial revolution in England while the USA went a century-long way to turn from an agrarian country into an industrial world leader. Other countries followed suit with varying degrees of success. After the global crisis of 1929 and the expansion of state participation in the economy, Marx–Keynes’s model, replaced Adam Smith’s market model. But since the 1970s, growth rates have declined sharply provoking deindustrialization; production facilities have been moving to third world countries; budget deficits and public debt have been increasing along with the accelerating unemployment, inflation and the influx of migrants. Any attempts to reduce social expenditures trigger powerful protests of the population and the loss of votes. The United States and Europe have fallen into a social trap from which so far no one sees a way out. As a result,it is concludedthat in 15 years, assuming the current trends continue, the United States and Europe will turn into ordinary regions of the global economy.The relevance of this study, compared with other publications on this subject, stems from the fact that the true situation in the country’s economy is determined according to the valuation of the country’s industrial output rather than based on the analysis of the GDP per capita.

scholarly journals FOREWORD

10.26458/1940 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Elena GURGU
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Workforce Innovation ◽  
The Right ◽  
China’S Economy

In their article called The New Economy Drivers and Disrupters Report. Tracking the Forces Threatening the World’s Hottest Economies published in Bloomberg Businessweek in October 29, 2019, authors Tom Orlik, Scott Johnson and Alex Tanzi say that “twenty years ago, China’s economy was a tenth the size of the United States. In 2019, it is two-thirds as big. In 2039, on the current trajectory, it will be more than 10% bigger. India will have leapfrogged Japan and Germany to claim the No. 3 spot in the global rankings. Vietnam will be closing in on the top 20.  Disruptive forces are sweeping the global economy. Populist regimes are throwing out the policy rulebook. Protectionism is deadening the trade flows that drove China’s rise. Automation and the digital economy are boosting productivity for some, eroding old sources of advantage for others. The threat of climate change looms. The path to prosperity followed by such success stories as Korea and Japan is increasingly hard to follow. From Beijing to Brasilia, getting the right mix of smart investment, skilled workforce, innovation capacity and effective governance in place is already tough to do. Combating disruptive forces – which, from protectionism to climate change, threaten an outsize impact on low- and middle-income economies – adds to the challenge.” The same Report says that “the origins of many of the changes sweeping the global economy can be traced to two sources: trade and technology. .....

scholarly journals Governance Challenges of Listed State- Owned Enterprises Around the World: National Experiences and a Framework for Reform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis J. Milhaupt ◽  
Mariana Pargendler
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Government Ownership ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The World ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Policy Discussion

Cornell International Law Journal: Vol. 50 : No. 3 , Article 3Despite predictions of their demise in the aftermath of the collapse of socialist economies in Eastern Europe, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are very much alive in the global economy. The relevance of listed SOEs— firms subject to government ownership, but with a portion of their shares traded on public stock markets— has persisted and even increased around the world, as policymakers have encouraged the partial floating of SOE shares either as a first step toward, or as an alternative to, privatization. In this Article, we evaluate the governance challenges associated with mixed ownership of enterprise, and examine a variety of national approaches to the governance of listed SOEs, with a view to framing a robust policy discussion in many countries where SOE reform is a topic of major significance. We describe the evolution and current status of the institutional framework applicable to listed SOEs in eight different jurisdictions which reflect a variety of economic, legal, and political environments: France, the United States, Norway, Colombia, Brazil, Japan, Singapore, and China. We leverage the lessons from this comparative analysis by critiquing the policy prescriptions of international agencies such as the OECD and framing our own policy suggestions.

scholarly journals Agriculture in the Global Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Alston ◽  
Philip G. Pardey
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Rate ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development

The past 50–100 years have witnessed dramatic changes in agricultural production and productivity, driven to a great extent by public and private investments in agricultural research, with profound implications especially for the world's poor. In this article, we first discuss how the high-income countries like the United States represent a declining share of global agricultural output while middle-income countries like China, India, Brazil, and Indonesia represent a rising share. We then look at the differing patterns of agricultural inputs across countries and the divergent productivity paths taken by their agricultural sectors. Next we examine productivity more closely and the evidence that the global rate of agricultural productivity growth is declining—with potentially serious prospects for the price and availability of food for the poorest people in the world. Finally we consider patterns of agricultural research and development efforts.

scholarly journals “Made in China 2025” Strategy and Trade Hostility: The United States VS China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Salamun Rashidin ◽  
◽  
Sara Javed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Panel Discussion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Made In China ◽  
Made In

The current study provides an overview of the United States and China escalating trade hostility that commenced in January 2018.An attempt has been made to find the root cause of the trade war between two giant economic powers for trade dispute. Mixed method approach was adopted i-e qualitative data was gathered by conducting panel discussion with different professors and quantitative data was gathered from articles, newspapers, WTO, World Bank, WITS and MIT.edu databases. The accumulated qualitative data was analysed through content analysis; excel was used for the quantitative data analysis. Results indicate that evolving tariffs war is a hidden tactic to contaminate “Made in China 2025” industrial revolution Policy, because it’s a major hurdle against Trump’s wish of making America again super manufacturing power. In fact, China has become a super manufacturing power by upgrading in its technological sector. Moreover, tit for tat tariffs war has reverberated the entire global economy badly. Chinese rapid growth and innovative plan, higher trade deficit between China and the United States, technological development, leading manufacturing capability, foreign investment amiable environment and proper industrial plan “Made in China, 2025” are the main trigger points for the United States. Owing to these reasons, the United States has to impede the Made in China 2025 plan, and it, in fact, wishes to skip Made in China 2030.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in a Seaport System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10667
Author(s):  
Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mahendrran Selvaduray ◽  
Jagan Jeevan ◽  
Abdul Hafaz Ngah ◽  
Suhaiza Zailani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Business Requirements

As pillars of logistics, supply chains, and transport networks, seaports have led to a substantial demand for countless economic advantages. The sustainability and competitive advantage of seaport businesses depend on their ability to adapt to changing business requirements, while Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) is a current phenomenon that connects the global market through smart technologies involving cyber-physical systems to overcome global trade uncertainty. However, focusing only on growing economic benefits might lead to an ineffective sustainable implementation of IR 4.0 within a seaport system. Therefore, this paper compares the current status of IR 4.0 global implementation against the current Malaysian seaport system to ensure that the development of seaports in Malaysia is aligned with technological trends and global requirements. In addition, this paper investigates the critical sustainable factors (CSFs) for the implementation of IR 4.0 in Malaysian seaports. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is used to obtain the data from 13 domain experts, from various maritime stakeholders, which is further analysed by using Thematic Analysis. The result has shown that most seaports have started to initiate a fusion by focusing on IR 4.0 adaptation. In contrast, in Malaysia, the seaports in this country are still behind the global trend and are just starting to explore the concept of IR 4.0 instead of expanding to the next level (global benchmark). The current status and CSFs, for the implementation of IR 4.0 in Malaysian seaports, are presented in comparison to global requirements, and the marginal associations between them are shown. As a conclusion, by comparing a global seaport scenario with Malaysian seaports, the main considerations for sustaining the implementation of IR 4.0 in Malaysian seaports can be discovered.

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