scholarly journals Does Vocational Guidance Become Gendered When Discussing Construction?

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Francis ◽  
Adele Prosser
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Career Counsellor ◽  
School Career ◽  
Local Labour

The Australian construction industry is highly reliant on the local labour force and those employed within it undertake a wide variety of roles ranging from labouring to management. In the past 20 years construction has seen record levels of employment; however lack of skilled labour is becoming problematic. Australia, like most industrialised countries, has an ageing population due to falling birth rates, increased life expectancy and the ageing of the large post-World War II ‘baby boom’ generation. Deciding on a career is one of the most fundamental activities in a young person’s life and the role of the school career counsellor is crucial in this process. This research examined secondary school career counsellor’s knowledge of construction, their perceptions of it as a good career choice and how often they directed male and female students to investigate construction as a career. Comparisons using paired t-tests found career counsellors perceived construction to be a better career option for young men, and directed them more frequently than women, to explore construction careers. The findings also indicate that an educative model, where students and counsellors gain firsthand knowledge from people working in the industry, may counter negative gender stereotypes associated with this area of work and encourage more young people, both male and female, to consider a career in the construction industry.

Does the ageing population correctly predict the need for medical beds?: Part one: fundamental principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rodney P Jones
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
National Average ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Bed Occupancy ◽  
World War ◽  
Funding Formula ◽  
Hospital Bed ◽  
The World

The World War II baby boom, coupled with increasing life expectancy, will lead to increasing numbers of deaths for the next 40 years. The last year of life represents a large proportion (55%) of lifetime hospital bed occupancy. This is called the nearness to death effect. However, the nearness to death effect has not been factored into NHS capacity planning, which largely relies on age-based forecasting, often called the ageing population. In certain locations, deaths are predicted to rise far more rapidly than the national average of 1% per annual growth. These locations are highly susceptible to capacity pressures emanating from the nearness to death effect, which is not compatible with recent policies that aim to build smaller hospitals. This article is the first of a two-part series discussing these trends in deaths and bed demand, as well as the likely impact on NHS capacity and the implications for the NHS funding formula.

Does the ageing population correctly predict the need for medical beds? Part two: wider implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rodney P Jones
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Funding Formula ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Bed Planning

The first article in this two-part series demonstrated that the post-World War II ‘baby boom’ and increasing life expectancy implies that there will be a considerable increase in deaths in the UK over the next 40 years. As the highest proportion of lifetime hospital bed occupancy occurs in the last 1 year of life, this has significant implications for bed planning. Not only can death act as a predictor of hospital use in the final year of life, it is also a key indicator of wider morbidity and mortality trends. Part two of this series investigates the wider implications of these findings, showing that the current NHS funding formula completely omits the nearness-to-death effect when predicting bed usage. As a result, the formula becomes dependent on the year in which it is primed, leading to gross over- and under-funding in subsequent years. These same issues also have serious implications for the minimum number of beds for financial stability in a Clinical Commissioning Group. A pragmatic overview is given regarding how to modify current bed models so that they can give answers that reflect real-world demand.

scholarly journals Malaysian as the Component of Labour Force for Construction Industry in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Iskandar Zulkarnain Mohd Najib ◽  
Rumaizah Mohd Nordin ◽  
Ezlina Mohd Ahnuar ◽  
Khalida Mohd Sukor
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Foreign Workers ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Capital Development

The construction sector plays a significant role in the economy in order to achieve the inspiration to be a developed nation in 2020. In the effort to increase the efficiency of the sector, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) had pledged to continue investing in human capital development in the construction industry as one of its initiatives under Productivity Thrust in Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP). However, currently, the construction industry of Malaysia is depressed by the low-wage and low productivity trap due to substantial reliance on low-skilled foreign workers. The number of local workers are not only low but are decreasing drastically due to out-migration towards better job opportunities in other sectors. Therefore, this research aims to establish a conceptual framework for Malaysians as the component of the labour force in the construction industry in Malaysia through identifying the landscape of participation of local labour, investigating factors hindering participation of local labour and propose initiatives to increase the numbers of participation of local labour. This paper presents a review of literature from journals, conference proceedings, and books. Based on the review, a framework consisting of four (4) components (i.e., Government Agenda, Local Labour in Malaysian Construction Industry, strategies to improve participation, and expected key outcomes of CITP for Productivity) is proposed. These findings will assist the extended investigation in the identification of ways to improve the participation of local labour for the Construction Industry in Malaysia.

Macho Nachos

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke (Lei) Zhu ◽  
Victoria L. Brescoll ◽  
George E. Newman ◽  
Eric Luis Uhlmann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Psychological Reactance ◽  
Unhealthy Food ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Gender Schema ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Schema Congruity

Abstract. The present studies examine how culturally held stereotypes about gender (that women eat more healthfully than men) implicitly influence food preferences. In Study 1, priming masculinity led both male and female participants to prefer unhealthy foods, while priming femininity led both male and female participants to prefer healthy foods. Study 2 extended these effects to gendered food packaging. When the packaging and healthiness of the food were gender schema congruent (i.e., feminine packaging for a healthy food, masculine packaging for an unhealthy food) both male and female participants rated the product as more attractive, said that they would be more likely to purchase it, and even rated it as tasting better compared to when the product was stereotype incongruent. In Study 3, packaging that explicitly appealed to gender stereotypes (“The muffin for real men”) reversed the schema congruity effect, but only among participants who scored high in psychological reactance.

Combining employment and care-giving: how differing care intensities influence employment patterns among middle-aged women in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Kelle
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Unpaid Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractGiven an ageing population and increased participation by women in the labour force, the relationship between unpaid care and the availability of women to the labour force is gaining in importance as an issue. This article assesses the impact of unpaid care on transitions into employment by women aged between 45 and 59 years. It uses the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) from the years 2001–2014 to estimate Cox regression models for 6,201 employed women. The results indicate that women with higher caring responsibilities and women with lower caring responsibilities are heterogeneous in terms of the socio-economic characteristics that they exhibit: higher-intensity care providers tend to have a lower level of educational attainment and a weaker attachment to the labour force than women with less-intensive caring responsibilities. Furthermore, while women with more-intensive caring roles are highly likely to exit the labour market altogether, female carers with less-intensive roles seem to be able to combine work and care better. These results highlight the importance of providing more affordable institutional and professional care services, especially for low- and medium-income families.

scholarly journals Sex and gender characteristics in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia with special reference to the criminal offences of rape and domestic violence

Temida ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Marissabell Skoric
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
The Republic

The study deals with the issue of whether the norms of criminal law make a distinction between male and female sex with regard to the perpetrator of the criminal offence as well as with regard to the victim of the criminal offence and also the issue of whether male or female sex have any role in the criminal law. It is with this objective in mind that the author analyzed the provisions of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Croatia and statistical data on total crime in the Republic of Croatia and the relation between male and female perpetrators of criminal offences. The statistical data reveal that men commit a far greater number of offences than women. Apart from this, women and men also differ according to the type of the criminal offence they tend to commit. Women as perpetrators of criminal offences that involve the element of violence are very rare. At the same time, women are very often victims of violent offences perpetrated by men, which leads us to the term of gender-based violence. Although significant steps forward have been made at the normative level in the Republic of Croatia in defining and sanctioning of genderbased violence, gender stereotypes can still be observed in practice when sexual crimes are in question so that we can witness domestic violence on a daily basis. All of this leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to make further efforts in order to remove all obstacles that prevent changes in social relations and ensure equality between women and men, not only de jure but also de facto.

scholarly journals Personal Strivings as Markers of Adolescents’ Quality of Life: a Gender Based Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shilpi Aggarwal ◽  
Prof. Punam Midha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Community Belonging ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Personal Strivings ◽  
Purposive Sample

Adolescence is a very complex and crucial phase of life, where teenagers are caught up in their own web of personal strivings, such as the issues of being, belonging and becoming. Such strivings play a pivotal role in determining their quality of life. Further whether these intrinsic motives (i.e. 3Bs being, belonging and becoming) are being influenced by gender stereotypes is a big issue for the psychologists to explore. Thus the current study is an attempt to explore and compare the levels of being, belonging and becoming (comprising of overall QOL) among male and female adolescents. A purposive sample of 98 adolescents aged 16-18 years, both male (n=44) and female (n=54) was drawn from the colleges of Rewari and Gurgaon districts of Haryana. For measuring personal strivings, Quality Of Life Profile for Adolescent Version Questionnaire (Raphael, Rukholm, Brown, Hill-Bailey & Donato, 1996) was used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to assess the levels of being, belonging and becoming and overall quality of life and gender comparison was done on these variables. Results indicated adequate level of personal strivings leading to overall good quality of life among adolescents (total as well as in both male and female separately). Both males and females have similar levels of quality of life. However, females superseded males in spiritual being and community belonging.

scholarly journals The labour market of the Silesian voivodeship (Poland), and its determinants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Franciszek Kłosowski
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Business Entities

AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterise the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship and its determinants between 2010 and 2012, although in order to show certain trends in changes data from the beginning of the 21st century are also used as a basis whereas from the more forward-looking perspective, projections up until 2020 were used. This market is very important from the nationwide perspective, and this is due to its complexity, size (it concentrates 2 million employed people, that is 14.4% of the whole workforce of Poland) and specificity (industry still plays a crucial role). In order to achieve the objective indicated above, a set of measures relating to the number of employed people, business entities or GDP were used for the purpose of the analysis. The presented material shows the high volatility of the situation on the labour market both at the voivodeship level and individual communities – this is particularly true of the number of employed people and the rate of unemployment. An advantage of the newly created jobs over those that are shed which has been continuously recorded since 2008 and a decrease in the unemployment rate are positive symptoms. Katowice being the largest market and, moreover, characterised by the highest rank range of its impact and lowest unemployment rate have gained a dominant position in the regional labour market. Bielsko-Biała, Tychy, Gliwice and Bieruń-Lędziny County also clearly stand out against the background of other communities. The most difficult situation can be observed in Bytom, Świętochłowice, Piekary Śląskie and in the counties located in the northern part of the voivodeship, that is Częstochowa, Myszków and Zawiercie. Not only today but also in the coming decade, in terms of demand the labour market of the Silesian voivodeship will be strongly affected by its demographic situation; population decline, ageing population, migration, including, in particular, foreign migration will cause a decline in the labour force. By contrast, the labour supply will depend on an economic factor, that is mainly an improvement in the economic situation in Poland and around the world and a reduction in the cost of labour (external determinants). In the next few years the role of innovation (including the technological factor) which will affect the labour demand in terms of quantity and, perhaps to a greater extent, in terms of quality (changes in the structure of the labour market) will become more and more significant.

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