scholarly journals Histopathological Effects of NaCl Overconcentration in the Gills and Internal Organs of Cyprinus carpio L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Shahbaa Al-Taee
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Mucus Cells

This study aimed to assess the toxic effect of the overconcentration of salt (NaCl) in farmed common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L. in floating cages in Al-Saqlawiyah Rgion in Iraq. The salt was used at 13.8% which led to fish mortality reached to 70% through 96 hours of exposure. The fishes exhibited lethargy during 10 minutes with abnormal nervous signs and imbalance swimming with progressive decreases in opercular movement frequency. The gills appeared as cooked gill lesion with excessive mucus secretion and congestion in the hepatic, gastrointestinal and kidney tissues. Microscopical examination of gills showed hyper trophy in both pillar cells and mucus cells, variable in severity code of both epithelial hyperplasia and occlusion of lamellar space as well as epithelial cells lifting had been determined and vacuolar degeneration in hepatic cells with severe multifocal infiltration of inflammatory cells and necrosis in liver. Histopathological analysis of kidneys revealed interstitial nephritis while in the intestine, the microscopic examination exhibited hydropic degeneration of mucoid cells, hyperplasia of enterocytes and desquamation of the epithelial cells of villi. The conclusion of this study was that histopathological analysis can be used as biological indicators for evaluation of effects of NaCl overconcentration in fish organs.

scholarly journals Dysregulated Immune Responses by ASK1 Deficiency Alter Epithelial Progenitor Cell Fate and Accelerate Metaplasia Development during H. pylori Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995
Author(s):  
Yoku Hayakawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirata ◽  
Masahiro Hata ◽  
Mayo Tsuboi ◽  
Yukiko Oya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Epithelial Homeostasis ◽  
H Pylori

The mechanism of H. pylori-induced atrophy and metaplasia has not been fully understood. Here, we demonstrate the novel role of Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and downstream MAPKs as a regulator of host immune responses and epithelial maintenance against H. pylori infection. ASK1 gene deficiency resulted in enhanced inflammation with numerous inflammatory cells including Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) recruited into the infected stomach. Increase of IL-1β release from apoptotic macrophages and enhancement of TH1-polarized immune responses caused STAT1 and NF-κB activation in epithelial cells in ASK1 knockout mice. Dysregulated immune and epithelial activation in ASK1 knockout mice led to dramatic expansion of gastric progenitor cells and massive metaplasia development. Bone marrow transplantation experiments revealed that ASK1 in inflammatory cells is critical for inducing immune disorder and metaplastic changes in epithelium, while ASK1 in epithelial cells regulates cell proliferation in stem/progenitor zone without changes in inflammation and differentiation. These results suggest that H. pylori-induced immune cells may regulate epithelial homeostasis and cell fate as an inflammatory niche via ASK1 signaling.

Attenuation of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice by a caspase inhibitor

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. L316-L325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Kuwano ◽  
Ritsuko Kunitake ◽  
Takashige Maeyama ◽  
Naoki Hagimoto ◽  
Masayuki Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Caspase Inhibitor ◽  
Hydroxyproline Content ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Lung Epithelial

Caspases have been implicated in the effector process of apoptosis in several systems including the Fas-Fas ligand pathway. We previously demonstrated that excessive apoptosis of lung epithelial cells and the Fas-Fas ligand pathway were essential in the pathogenesis of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether a caspase inhibitor could prevent the development of this model. The expression of caspase-1 and caspase-3 was upregulated on lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, and infiltrating inflammatory cells in this model. We demonstrated that a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, decreased the caspase-1- and caspase-3-like activity, the number of apoptotic cells, the pathological grade of lung inflammation and fibrosis, and the hydroxyproline content in lung tissues in this model. We conclude that caspase inhibitors could be a new therapeutic approach against lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.

scholarly journals Histopathological analysis of the reproductive system of male dogs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 2123-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Pereira Arantes ◽  
Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes ◽  
Roberta Machado Ferreira ◽  
Juliana de Souza Pinto Pieroni ◽  
Vanessa Marigo Rocha Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Toxoplasmic Infection ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Histopathological Results

The present research aimed to describe possible histopathological alterations in the reproductive system (testicles and epididymis) of male dogs experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Canines (n=10) serologically negative for T. gondii were selected and distributed into three experimental groups: GI, 3 inoculated with 2.0 x 10(5)P strain oocysts; GII, 3 infected with 1.0 x 10(6)RH strain tachyzoites; and GIII, 4 control dogs. Antibody research (IFAT) against T. gondii was realized. Toxoplasma gondii infection was confirmed by seroconversion of the 6 males infected with tachyzoites and oocysts from postinoculation day (PID) 7 and 14, respectively. At PID 70, all dogs were submitted to orchiectomy and testicle and epididymis samples were collected and histologically processed for examination under optical microscope. The following alterations were diagnosed: mild and moderate mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the epididymis, moderate cellular edema, hydropic degeneration and moderate interstitial fibrosis in seminiferous tubules. The histopathological results in the present research, isolation of T. gondii in testicle and epididymis fragments by immunohistochemistry and results from the literature by other authors in different tissues, all infer that the alterations observed in dogs infected with T. gondii are suggestive of toxoplasmic infection.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Larutan Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Pasca Transportasi [Influence Use Of Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) To Rate Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio) Blood Glucose After Transportation]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Laksmi Sulmartiwi, Sri Harweni, Akhmad Taufiq Mukti, Rr. Juni Triastuti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Fish Blood

Abstract Transportation makes stress for fish because of high density and decreasing of water quality. Stress can increase blood glucose. Bandotan have Ca blocking effect. The Ca blocking effect occur in reticulum endoplasmic in smooth muscle. This research aimed to identify bandotan leaf effect in transport medium on blood glucose of koi fish post transportation and to identify best dosage of bandotan leaf on koi fish tranport medium to decrease the blood glucose of koi fish post transportation. Research method used was experimental. Treatment used was providign different bandotan leaf dossage: A (0 g/L), B (0.45 g/L), C (0,9 g/L), D (1.35 g/L) and E (1.8 g/L) and each treatment was repeaetd four times. Main parameter observed in this research was koi fish blood glucose every eight hours for twenty four hours and supporting parameter consisted of: water quality and fish mortality rate. Then the data obtained were prepared using ANOVA, continued by Dunnett Test and then by Duncan’s Multiple Distance. Research result shwoed that bandotan leaf supply in transport medium had no effect on koi fish blood glucose post transportation and highest dosage of bandotan leaf in transport medium on blood glucose of koi fish post transportation was 0.45 g/L.

scholarly journals Low Dose Ketoconazole Therapy and Thyroid Functions in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çaksen ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Selim Kurtoğlu ◽  
Figen Öztürk ◽  
Yüksel Okumuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Glands

To determine whether low dose ketoconazole (KTZ) has antithyroid action, we studied thyroid function tests in the 13 rats treated with KTZ (20 mg/kg twice daily) for thirty days. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were decreased (P <0.05) and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were mildly increased (P >0.05) at the end of treatment. Histopathological analysis of the thyroid glands demonstrated an increase in cylindrical cells in study group, but the epithelial cells were mainly cubical in control group. These findings showed that low dose KTZ had antithyroid effect in rats. The responsible mechanisms may be direct effect of the drug on thyroid gland.

scholarly journals Scuticociliatosis caused by Uronema sp. in ten different ornamental aquarium reef fish in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Magalhães Cardoso ◽  
Luisa Zanolli Moreno ◽  
Andrea Micke Moreno ◽  
Simone de Carvalho Balian ◽  
Carolina Helena de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Vacuolar Degeneration ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Scuticociliatosis, caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema spp., parasitizing ten species of marine reef fish at an ornamental fish wholesaler: Blue green damselfish (Chromis viridis), Vanderbilt’s Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), Pennant coralfish (Heniochus acuminatus), Threespot angelfish (Apolemichthys trimaculatus), Goldspotted angelfish (Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus), Sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis), Orchid dottyback (Pseudochromis fridmani), Threadfin butterflyfish (Chaetodon auriga), Vagabond butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus), and Bluecheek butterflyfish (Chaetodon semilarvatus). Diseased fish showed disorders such as hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis of the muscle, liver, gut, kidney, spleen, gills, and stomach revealed hemorrhages and degeneration of muscle fiber, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocyte, inflammatory process and granuloma in the liver, atrophy of intestinal villi, inflammatory process and granuloma in the kidney, melanomacrophage centers, as well as inflammatory process in the spleen, epithelial cells hyperplasia and granuloma formation in the gills, and vacuolar degeneration and eosinophils in the stomach. Due to the severity of the disease, it is necessary to implement biosecurity measures with rapid and accurate diagnosis to minimize the risk of economic losses caused by Uronema spp.

scholarly journals Role of peptidoglycan in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus saprophyticus in mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus ◽  
Renal Vessels ◽  
In Cells

The pathogenicity of S. saprophyticus was studied in mice. A group of white mice were injected transurethrally using a catheter with S. saprophyticus S67 cell suspension in a concentration reached 109 CFU/ml. concomitantly, the role of its peptidoglycan in the pathogenicity was studied by injecting another group of mice with 0.3 mg/0.2 ml of partially purified S. saprophyticus S67 peptidoglycan extract. After autopsy, kidneys and urinary bladder showed several histopathological changes both in cells and peptidoglycan injected mice, included: hydropic degeneration, glomerulus shrinkage, congestion of renal vessels, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and dekeratinization in urinary bladder.

Does antrochoanal polyp present with epistaxis?

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Sayed ◽  
E E Abu-Dief
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Antrochoanal Polyp ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Recurrent Epistaxis ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning

AbstractObjective:To compare the gross and microscopic appearance of antrochoanal polyps associated with recurrent epistaxis, with those with a more typical presentation.Design:Prospective, controlled study.Methods:All patients underwent clinical and endoscopic examination, computed tomography scanning, and examination under anaesthesia, in order to detect the gross diagnostic criteria for antrochoanal polyp. Histological findings on light microscopy were compared for polyps presenting with epistaxis versus those without. The number of predominant inflammatory cells in the corium was determined in both groups and statistically compared using the Studentt-test.Results:Recurrent epistaxis was a presenting symptom in 10/84 (11.9 per cent) patients with gross diagnostic criteria for antrochoanal polyp. Grossly, these patients' polyps had a reddish, vascular surface in parts. Histologically, these polyps showed a highly vascular stroma with multiple dilated blood vessels, the typical appearance of an angiomatous antrochoanal polyp. Thrombi at different stages of development were detected, with no infarcts. The remaining cases (88.1 per cent) had no history of epistaxis; histologically, these patients' polyps showed an oedematous connective tissue core with few inflammatory cells. Plasma cells were predominant in the angiomatous polyps, being significantly more prevalent than in the ordinary antrochoanal polyps (p < 0.00).Conclusions:It would appear that only angiomatous antrochoanal polyps present with epistaxis. Detection of the characteristic gross appearance of these polyps may help avoid unwanted surgery. Histopathological analysis confirms the diagnosis. A significantly increased number of plasma cells may be the underlying cause of the histological changes seen in angiomatous antrochoanal polyps.

Chronic Inflammatory Cells with Epithelial Cell Characteristics in Teleost Fishes

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Noga ◽  
M. J. Dykstra ◽  
J. F. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Atlantic Menhaden ◽  
Cytoskeletal Protein ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Epithelioid Cells ◽  
Brevoortia Tyrannus ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

Certain cells that participate in the chronic inflammatory response of teleost fishes have many features typical of epithelioid cells of mammals. Such features include high metabolic activity, frequent phagolysosomes, and cytoplasmic interdigitations between adjacent cells; however, the epithelioid granulomas formed in response to certain diseases in teleost fishes also have several features associated with epithelial cells. Cases of ulcerative mycosis or acid-fast bacterial infection in Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus), fungal infection in silver perch ( Bairdiella chrysoura), and mycobacteriosis in Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus) had epithelioid cells that were joined together by well-formed desmosomes with tonofilaments. “Mature granulomas” of the ulcerative mycosis-infected menhaden stained positively for cytokeratin, a cytoskeletal protein that is considered to be highly specific for epithelial cells. The consistent presence of these heretofore unrecognized epithelial features suggest that they may be characteristic of certain types of cells participating in piscine chronic inflammation.

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