scholarly journals War or peace journalism? Kenyan newspaper framing of 2007 post-election violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-177
Author(s):  
Njoroge Kinuthia
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Weekly Newspapers ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Media ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method ◽  
Election Violence

This study sought to examine the dominant frame in terms of ‘war’ and ‘peace’ in the coverage of the 2007/2008 post-election violence. At the time, Kenya had eight daily and over 10 weekly newspapers (Mbeke, 2008). The Daily Nation and The Standard were selected for the purpose of this study. The study applied systematic sampling method to select stories from The Standard and simple random sampling to select the stories from Daily Nation. A sample of 35 news articles (an average of 5 every day) for each of the newspapers and a maximum of 10 for each of the other categories were selected from 294 and 180 articles from The Standard and Daily Nation respectively. Details of each story were recorded in the coding sheet. This information was afterwards transferred to SPSS, a statistical data analysis programme. The study employs 11 of Johan Galtung’s 13 indicators of war/peace journalism to analyse the framing of the conflict. Galtung has proposed a new approach to reporting war and conflict that he terms 'peace journalism'. The two newspapers had an equal number of war journalism-framed stories (6 or 2%). Peace journalism framing was dominant in both newspapers. The findings contrast Galtung’s argument that in reporting war and conflict the media always give emphasis to war journalism frames.

An investigation of the conceptualization of peace and war in peace journalism studies of media coverage of national and international conflicts

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Gouse ◽  
Mariely Valentin-Llopis ◽  
Stephen Perry ◽  
Beryl Nyamwange
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Journalism Studies ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
The Media ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
High Road

According to Galtung’s articles ‘On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace’ (1986) and ‘High road, low road: Charting the course for peace journalism’ (1998), war journalism and peace journalism are two competing frames when reporting news on war and conflict. War journalists reactively report on conflict in a way that propagates violence, victory, and an elitist orientation. On the contrary, peace journalists proactively report on the causes of and solutions to a conflict, giving voice to all parties through responsible, empathetic journalism. By searching databases for multiple examples of qualitative and quantitative literature on peace and war journalism, new paths to best practices of how scholars articulate and measure the concepts of peace and war using content analysis methods can be found. This article reports on studies published in peer-reviewed journals that investigate the attributes of peace and war as they are conceptualized by scholars analyzing newspaper articles, television broadcasts, and radio reports within the context of peace journalism. Results suggest the majority of peace journalism studies examine media surrounding direct violence as it is occurring, and assess it most often by using the war/peace indicator of elite-oriented versus people-oriented.

scholarly journals Media, War, and Peace: A Post Pulwama Comparative Study of India and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-368
Author(s):  
Dr. Farasat Rasool ◽  
Mr. Arif Ahmad ◽  
Zeeshan Zaighum
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
National Security ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
States Data ◽  
The Media ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Elite Newspapers

According to Johan Galtung’s theory, war journalism and peace journalism are two frames. Peace journalism is a solution oriented while war journalism escalates conflicts. This study aims at comparatively exploring the nature of coverage during a conflict. This paper examines the role of the Pakistani and Indian elite press after the Pulwama attack, leading to the Balakot airstrike. For the collection of data, researchers have selected four leading elite newspapers i.e. two from Pakistan and two from India. The researchers have collected two month’s data after the incident of Pulwama leading to air craft conflict between the two states. Data is collected through content analysis which is further analyzed. The findings indicated that the media with dominate war frames compromise national security.

Coverage of Taliban conflict in the Pak–Afghan press: A comparative analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Syed Abdul Siraj
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Media Content ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Press ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Peace And Conflict Resolution

This study offers a quantitative analysis of the coverage of Taliban conflict in the four leading newspapers of Pakistan and Afghanistan through the perspective of war and peace journalism—developed by Johan Galtung and adopted by many scholars. Consistent with the existing literature, the researcher found that both the English and vernacular press in the two countries predominantly reported the Taliban conflict through war journalism framing. The local press was equally escalatory while reporting on the conflict. The press in the two countries showed remarkable differences in the war journalism framing but applied similar thematic strategies of peace journalism. The study advocates an academic juncture between political communication and peace journalism scholarship to identify the issues that influence media content during conflict times for better understanding of the potential role of media in peace and conflict resolution.

Examining perceptions towards war/peace journalism: A survey of journalists in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 174804852110156
Author(s):  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Araz Ramazan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The World ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism

Following seminal study on journalistic attitudes towards wars and peace journalism, in this study we investigated the perceptions of conflict reporters in the three most deadly countries in the world including Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. A total of 317 journalists participated in this study. Though generally we found support for the earlier study, the analysis shows journalists engage in wider practices than predicted that overlap war and peace journalism approaches. A closer examination showed that journalists favored active war journalism practices and passive peace journalism practices. Finally, we did not find that journalistic experience and contextual factors influenced preferences towards war and peace journalism substantially.

scholarly journals Indo-Pak Media Approach towards Peace and War Journalism during the Policy Crisis: Analyzing the Coverage of Pulwama Attack and Balakot Air-Strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Jamal Ud Din ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Qadri ◽  
Root ul Amin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Media Interaction ◽  
The Media ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
High Level ◽  
Peace And War

This study contently examines the media coverage of Pulwama attack and Balakot air strike in daily Dawn and The Hindu, wherein the total 162 news stories on both the selected issues were thoroughly analyzed in the broader perspective of peace journalism. Supporting the core theoretical assumptions of indexing theory [media follow the guidelines of elites] and policy-media interaction model [media tow the government’s policy line], the Indo-Pak media employ, to some extent, peace journalism, especially at the time of policy crisis. However, the study shows mixed results as the Indian newspaper, owing to prevailing political environment in India, was more inclined towards war journalism 38.8% as compare to the war-oriented  12.2% coverage in daily Dawn. On other hand, the findings indicate high level of tendency in daily Dawn i.e. 53.7% towards peace journalism, comparing with 23.8% peace-oriented coverage in daily The Hindu.

scholarly journals Communal farming, climate change adaptation and the media in Zimbabwe

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mthokozisi P. Ndhlovu ◽  
Thabani Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Media Content ◽  
The Media

Climate change is destroying Zimbabwean communal farmers’ agricultural activities – a source of living for most people. As communal farmers struggle to adapt, the media is expected to assume a fundamental theoretical role of educating and informing them about the appropriate adaptation techniques. Located in Umguza District in Matabeleland North Province, the study explored how communal farmers created meaning out of climate change media content and its influence on their agricultural practices from October 2014 to April 2015. In doing so, the study used the Two-Step Flow theory and Hall’s Encoding and Decoding Model. Entrenched in pragmatism, the study embedded quantitative techniques at different stages. Multistage sampling combining Simple Random Sampling (SRS), purposive and systematic sampling techniques was used to identify the 263 households for semi structured questionnaires, direct observations and in-depth interviews. The findings were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), thematic analysis and pattern matching. The results show that personal observations; print, broadcast and online media; and opinion leaders were the main sources of climate change information. The radio was the most used medium in communicating climate change adaptation though it was the second most accessed after mobile phones. Conservation Agriculture and planting of drought-resistant crops were some of the adaptation techniques communicated in the media. When interacting with media content, communal farmers create their own meaning influenced by their cultural values, resulting in some adopting, rejecting or modifying certain adaptation techniques. The study concludes that opinion leaders are fundamental in communal farmers’ interaction with media but their influence must not be overestimated.

Are You an Observer or a Supporter of War?

2021 ◽  
pp. 332-345
Author(s):  
Aysegul Akaydin Aydin ◽  
N. Beril Eksioglu Sarilar
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Peace Operation ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
War News ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Principles Of War

This chapter presents a framework for narratives of war news in consideration of Galtung's war and peace journalism theories. News narratives are discussed in the light of BBC's ethical principles of war journalism. Additionally, transformation of war journalism with the advances in communication technologies is analysed. The method of research is through review of literature and interviews in depth. Five war journalists were interviewed. These five Turkish journalists witnessed five different eras. Ergin Konuksever is the oldest war journalist in Turkey. He was reporting the news from Cyprus Peace Operation in 1974. İsmail Umut Arabacı is the first journalist to announce ‘Operation Peace Spring' live from the border. Cem Tekel is the editor and war journalist who joined the operation. Coşkun Aral is an international Turkish photographer and war journalist. He won SIPA PRESS award in 1977 with his photograph of 1st May National Labor Day. Kerim Ulak is an A Haber editor and journalist who joined the operation. His news about the operation turned out to be fake.

scholarly journals Coverage of Cross Border Terrorism by Op-Ed of Global Press: A War and Peace Journalism Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (I) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Sumera Khalid ◽  
Urwah Iftikhar
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Chisquare Test ◽  
War Journalism ◽  
Peace Journalism ◽  
Almost All

This study is a content analysis of Op-rd from US, Chinese, Indian and Pakistani press. It is based on the war journalism frame and peace journalism frame devised by John Galtung. Convenient sampling method was used and each paragraph was taken as a unit of analysis. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. The study checked the overall inclination of a countrys press with the perspective of war and peace journalism. The study analyzed the data from three year and found the significant results. It was observed that press of almost all countries are doing war journalism in sizeable measure. The global press has given stories with a war journalism frame in more quantity than the peace journalism. The study found that global press has given notable importance to the issue of terrorism between India and Pakistan. The statistical analysis and ChiSquare test of the data also gave significant results.

Peace journalism

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faridah Ibrahim ◽  
Normah Mustaffa ◽  
Fauziah Ahmad ◽  
Chang Peng Kee ◽  
Wan Amizah Wan Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
War News ◽  
Peace Journalism

The dilemma between war and peace has often created continuous debates among many people even though their countries are not involved in the act of war. What they see on television or read on the Internet and in the newspapers are enough to incite emotions and feelings. Some took to the streets and joined street demonstrators who demonstrate against the act of aggression and war in certain countries. While others, would be glued to the television or the Internet, following minute details on the act of war and silently condemning the perpetrators of war. There are also groups of individuals who are indifferent to what is happening around them. In other words, people react to war news in many ways. Moreover with the potential of the mass media to provide neutral and objective reporting of war and peace, one may ask, how do the media perform in times of conflicts and war. Based on a survey of the Malaysian audience, this paper tries to dwell into how the people of a non-warring country like Malaysia, perceives the act of war. To what extent do they see the role of the media in propagating peace and how do they conceptualise the notion of Peace Journalism.

scholarly journals Bullying in Rural Schools among Early Adolescents in Sri Lanka; Prevalence of Bullying Acts and Common Responses to Bullying

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
V. P. K. K Jayasinghe ◽  
K. M. N Perera ◽  
G. N. D Guruge
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Local Literature ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

Prevalence of bullying among school going adolescents was estimated to be high (approximately 37%) in Sri Lanka according to the Global School based student Health Survey. However, limited number of studies were carried out in Sri Lanka on bullying among adolescents, specifically about early adolescents in rural settings. In this study, we aimed to fill the research gap in local literature. The objectives of this study were a) to describe prevalence of bullying acts and different types of bullying in schools, and b) to describe common responses to bullying among early adolescents in Galenbindunuwewa educational zone in Sri Lanka. A cross sectional study was carried out in three schools in Galenbindunuwewa educational zone. A multi-stage sampling method incorporated simple random sampling and a systematic sampling method was used. Three hundred seventy-two students in grade 7, 8, 9 (12-15 years of age) participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed. Bullying acts were reported as prevalent among early adolescents in schools in Galenbindunuwewa educational zone. Calling mean names, pushing, and hitting, disturbing learning processes were the most prevent bullying acts. The most common response of the victims for bullying were tolerating it and walking away.

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