scholarly journals Forest Fires in the Ural Federal district and their impact on the environment

Author(s):  
В.К. Куплевацкий ◽  
Н.Ш. Шабалина

На основе актов и книг учета лесных пожаров, а также статистической отчетности проанализированы показатели фактической горимости лесов за 2016–2020 гг. Установлено, что за 2020 г. на территории Уральского федерального округа зафиксировано 2182 лесных пожара. При этом пройденная огнем площадь составила 167,2 тыс. га. Указанные показатели несколько превышают значения количества и пройденной огнем площади по округу за последние 5 лет: 1961 случай и 124,6 тыс. га соответственно. Наибольшее количество лесных пожаров зафиксировано в 2020 г. в челябинской области – 587 случаев, а наименьшее – в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе – 111 случаев. При этом максимальной пройден- ной огнем лесных пожаров площадью в 2020 г. характеризуется Ханты-Мансийский автономный округ – Югра – 144,7 тыс. га. Минимальная пройденная огнем площадь зафиксирована в Тюменской области – 1,6 тыс. га. Площадь среднего пожара за 2020 г. по округу составила 76,64 га, при этом в Ханты-Мансийском авто- номном округе – Югре она равнялась 308,0 га, а в Тюменской области – 6,98 га. Экономический ущерб от лесных пожаров составил по округу 4 109 793, 16 тыс. руб., при этом на тушение было затрачено 575 481,57 тыс. руб. Значительный размер ущерба от лесных пожаров, а также экологический ущерб вызывают необходи- мость дальнейшего совершенствования охраны лесов. On the bases and books of forest fire accounting, as well as statistical reporting the indicators of actual forest fire rates for 2016–2020 were and lyzed. It was established that in 2020 2182 forest fires were recorded in the Ural Federal Distict. While the area covered by fire was 167,2 th/ga. These indicators slightly exceed the value of the number and the area covered by fire over the past five years in the district. The latter account for 1961 cases and 124,6 thousands of ha respectively. The largest number of forest fires was recorded in 2020 in Chelyabinsk region – 587 cases, the least in the Yamalonenets autonomous okrug – 111 cases. At the same time the maximum area covered by forest fires in 2020 is charaiterized by the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra – 144,7 thousands of has. The minimum area covered by the fire was recorded in the Tyumen region – 1,6 th. ha. The average fire area in 2020 around the Okrug was 76,64 ha, at the same time in the Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous okrug – Yugra, it is 308,0 ha, but in the Tyumen region – 6,98 ha. The economic damage from forest fires amounted to 4 109 793,16 th of roubes, at the same time 575 481,57 th of ronbes were spent fire suppressing significant damage from forest fires as well as environmental damage necessitates futher forest protection improvement.

2021 ◽  
Vol 893 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Sumaryati ◽  
D F Andarini ◽  
N Cholianawati ◽  
A Indrawati

Abstract East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has big forest fires following some provinces in Kalimantan and Sumatra. However, forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara have less attention in forest fires discussion in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara and their impact on reducing visibility and increasing carbon monoxide (CO) from 2015 to 2019. In this study, hotspot, forest fire area, Oceanic Niño Index, visibility, and CO total column data were used to analyze the forest fires using a statistical comparison method in East Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, and Sumatra. The result shows that the number of hotspots in East Nusa Tenggara less than in Kalimantan and Sumatra for the same forest fire area. The forest fires in East Nusa Tenggara do not harm the atmospheric environment significantly. East Nusa Tenggara dominantly consists of savanna areas with no peatland, hence, the forest biomass burning produces less smoke and CO. Furthermore, the forest fire in East Nusa Tenggara has not an impact on decreasing visibility and increasing CO total column, in contrast, visibility in Sumatra and Kalimantan has fallen to 6 km from the annual average, and CO total column rise three times of normal condition during peak fire.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Oktavian Dwi Suhermanto ◽  
Tatag Muttaqin ◽  
Nugroho Tri Waskitho

Forest fires often occur in many islands of indonesia including in Kalimantan, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi and other regions. These fires can lead to damage for ecosystems, flora and fauna, even ecosystem hydrology. One of the hydrological system that was disturbed is the interception and infiltration. Interception is the ability of trees to retain water rain then rereleased in steam. Infiltration is the process of water absorbing into the soil, infiltration capacity is the soil’s ability of absorbing water per unit of time. This research is to know the rest of the tree's ability to retain water, and knowing the infiltration of ex forest fire area on TAHURA R. Soerjo, Ledug blocks. This research was carried out on 17-23 January 2019 in ex forest fire area on TAHURA R. Soerjo, with an elevation of 1100-1200 masl. In the ex forest fire area there are 2 dominant trees species to do measurements of interception, there are Tutup (Mallotus paniculatus) and Klerek (Sapindus rarak DC). The results of the interception on Klerek tree is 10% and Tutup is 60%.  For the capacity of the infiltration is 27, 6 mm/hour. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Abedi

Abstract The study on effective factors of forest fire prevention policy is helpful to reduce forest fire impacts on extensive environmental damage in the long-term period. In other words, forest fire management is the result of a complex interaction among criteria. The present study aims to create a scientific analysis of the most effective criteria based on TOPSIS and SAW methods in the Arasbaran forest. The five top optimal criteria selection by TOPSIS method introduced that “association and cooperation between the executive and responsible institutions” have the first rank (CCi+=0.85), “Lack of deterrence law in dealing with forest fire offenders in human–caused forest fires” has the second rank (CCi+= 0.84) and followed by “Lack of up-to-date scientific information on susceptible areas in the region”, “Increasing the cooperation of NGOs and increase public trust”; and “Lack of forest road network access to ignite regions” (CCi+= 0.789; 0.787; 0.77, respectively). The five top optimal criteria resulting from the SAW method showed that “Local people participations” provide the highest score (FS=0.39) and followed by “association and cooperation between the executive and responsible institutions (FS=0.39), “Increasing the cooperation of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and increase public trust” (FS=0.36), “Raising awareness of the position of natural resources among local peoples and attracting their cooperation” (FS=0.35) and “Optimal Use past experiences” (FS=0.34). It is suggested that evaluating the ecological and environmental factors affecting the forest fire occurrence and extension could become a set of complement factors to setting management criteria for demonstrating the best management strategies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Evgeny Vladimirovich Voeykov

The paper deals with the spread of forest fires and measures to combat them in the course of implementing the policy of preserving the forests of the Volga region in the years of the pre-war five-year plans. The paper is written mainly on the basis of archival materials of the Russian State Archive of Economics, the Central State Archive of the Samara Region, and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk Region, which were first introduced into historical circulation. In the 1930s, large-scale logging was carried out in the Kuibyshev Region in violation of the rules of forestry. One of the problems of forest exploitation was the growth of forest fires, which caused significant economic and environmental damage. The forest industry trust Sredles and the Srednevolzhsky Forestry Trust could not significantly change the situation with the fire protection of forests for the better. The most unfavorable years for the forests of the Middle Volga region and the Kuibyshev Region were 1933 and 1938. After the creation of the Srednevolzhsky (Kuibyshev) Forest Protection Department, the effectiveness of fire-fighting measures increased. Fire fighting was carried out by the most modern means at that time. As a result, the annual number of fires decreased. But it was not possible to completely solve the problem of fires in the forests of the Middle Volga during the third five-year plan.


2019 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Aron Ghiringhelli ◽  
Gianni Boris Pezzatti ◽  
Marco Conedera

The “forest fire 2020” program of Canton Ticino The Canton of Ticino has a long-lasting experience in facing forest fires. As a result, a tradition in forest fire documentation and analysis exists and the forest fire management approach is continuously reviewed and improved with the aim to preserve the forest protection functions and to keep the mountain areas safe for the inhabitants. The fire regime has been reduced in Ticino since the seventies of last century thanks to improvement of the firefighting organization and fire control techniques (e.g. systematic use of helicopters for the aerial fire control) and the possibility of declaring a total fire ban in the open. However the demand in terms of protection of human lives and goods of the modern society is raising and as consequence of the climate change fire risk may increase in the future. For this reason two years ago the forest service of Canton Ticino developed the “forest fire 2020” program, in collaboration with the cantonal fire brigades association and the federal research Institute WSL. The program consists of four interdependent activity modules, which are 1) prevention, 2) organizational and technical measures, 3) firefighting and control, 4) burnt area restoration. The forest service is responsible for the fire-danger rating, the fire-ban release, the mentoring of local authorities in forest management questions and for planning pre-suppression facilities (e.g. water points for helicopters). It is also responsible for defining the mission rules for aerial firefighting, for collecting the data for the statistics, and for planning the post-fire forest restoration measures. The fire brigades are in charge of the firefighting tasks, by first intervening with the urban fire brigades and in case of need requiring the support of specialized forest-fire brigades. During the firefighting actions the forest service takes a consulting role. The first two years of implementation confirmed the suitability of the “forest fire 2020” program. Potential improvements have been however detected and are under implementation, such as the completion of the pre-suppression infrastructures, a better coordination between aerial and terrestrial firefighting and the strengthening of the specialized forest-fire brigades.


2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 329-388
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Podolskaia

Modern geospatial technologies and permanently updated wildfire monitoring datasets are the basis of improving forest firefighting on different administrative scales. One of the tasks is to use the spatial representation of forest fire locations during the fire season and offer timely suitable technical options for accessing them. We developed a GIS technology to create forest fire ground access routes for special firefighting vehicles moving from a ground firefighting base (fire-chemical station) to the place of the forest fire detection; the technology includes a statistical and geospatial accessibility analysis of the routes. The key data are a transport model consisting of public roads and forest glades on the regional scale. We described the main principles of the transport model construction and usage, and their implementation for the Russian Federal Districts. An access routes database for the 2002–2019 fire seasons, a central part of the Siberian Federal District, was produced and analysed. By using a hot spot analysis, we confirmed that forest fires are poorly accessible away from the centre of the Siberian District. The created road accessibility maps show “a proposed ground access zone” within the key area to fight forest fires for the fire seasons to come.


Author(s):  
O.V. Skudneva ◽  
◽  
S.V. Koptev ◽  
S.V. Ivantsov ◽  
◽  
...  

Forest fires are a common natural disaster all over the world. A great number of fires occur annually in the forest ecosystems of the European North of Russia for natural reasons and as a result of anthropogenic impacts. One of the urgent problems of forestry is the organization of effective control of forest fires. Herewith, it is important to quickly detect the source of fire, as well as to monitor the development of the fire, and to coordinate the actions of the staff of the ground forest protection services. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of different classes are increasingly used for these purposes. For forestry experience and, especially for forest fire monitoring, the most practical are helicopter-type UAV, which do not require special training of staff. Such devices can operate in the mode of “fire tower” and in the mode of monitoring the edge of the fire with an option to reset information pennants at certain points. The use of UAV is an effective means of monitoring the fire situation in addition to existing methods and technologies, and especially in cases of impossibility of using highresolution satellite images for operative tasks. For the effective operation of UAV in the area of active forest fires and, thus, strong smoke, navigation and piloting systems are necessary to perform safe flights outside the action of the ground control panel located at the starting point. The aim of this work is to develop a navigation and piloting system for UAV, which can be used in the area of limitation of ground control point. The use of such systems will allow monitoring of the fire situation in real time, which is especially important in the organization of protection and suppression of forest fires in large areas of nature reserves, where the priority is to preserve the biological diversity of natural ecosystems and unique landscapes. This article may be of interest to forestry specialists, developers of UAV and equipment, fire protection and the Ministry of Emergency Situations staff, as well as to engineering students to gain experience with UAV.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-783
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Chunjiong Zhang ◽  
Li Ji ◽  
Rong Ran ◽  
Huaiyu Wu ◽  
...  

Forest fire recognition is important to the protection of forest resources. To effectively monitor forest fires, it is necessary to deploy multiple monitors from different angles. However, most of the traditional recognition models can only recognize single-source images. The neglection of multi-view images leads to a high false positive/negative rate. To improve the accuracy of forest fire recognition, this paper proposes a graph neural network (GNN) model based on the feature similarity of multi-view images. Specifically, the correlations (nodes) between multi-view images and library images were established to convert the input features of graph nodes into the correlation features between different images. Based on feature relationships, the image features in the library were updated to estimate the node similarity in the GNN model, improving the image recognition rate of our model. Furthermore, a fire area feature extraction method was designed based on image segmentation, aiming to simplify the complex preprocessing of images, and effectively extract the key features from images. By setting the threshold in the hue-saturation-value (HSV) color space, the fire area was extracted from the images, and the dynamic features were extracted from the continuous frames of the fire area. Experimental results show that our method recognized forest fires more effectively than the baselines, improving the recognition accuracy by 4%. In addition, the multi-source forest fire data experiment also confirms that our method could adapt to different forest fire scenes, and boast a strong generalization ability and anti-interference ability.


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Quyen Thi Vu ◽  
Minh Ngoc Pham ◽  
Chinh Manh Dang ◽  
Hoang Huy Vuong ◽  
Hung Duc Duong ◽  
...  

Forest fires are always a problem around the world because of its great harm. Especially in Vietnam, the prevention and detection of forest fires are mainly based on the patrolling forest rangers; the warning board is not automatically controlled. In this article, we will present the design of an automatic controller, which was applied fuzzy logic to control the forest fire - level forecast warning signage. The controller relies on regional meteorological information to control the signage on the spot, and to directly inform the manager about the forest fire forecasting situation via text message. The experienced results of some forest protection units in Thai Nguyen prove that the application of fuzzy logic has met the requirements of the forest protection sector in improving the forest fire forecasting system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
R V Kotelnikov ◽  
A N Chugaev

Abstract Nowadays, cost-optimization of aerial patrolling plays a key role in the context of limited aerial forest protection funding. Forest Fire Danger Class is the main indicator that regulates the work of forest fire services. Usually, it’s calculated by the nearest weather station data. Some information systems use the mean of several nearby weather stations to estimate large areas, such as the surveyed area of aerial forest protection. The idea of using the mean weighted index with the weather stations weighting factor is not new. Even though, this idea isn’t widespread due to the calculation complexity and questionable efficiency in practice, this study proposes a scientifically substantiated method of quantitative comparison of two approaches and the direct calculation method of the economic impact when transition to using the mean weighted Forest Fire Danger Class calculation algorithm. The first time such an indicator was used to obtain derivatives of analytical information products. A long-term analysis of forest fire rate showed that the weighted mean of the Forest Fire Danger Class value is 6.7% greater in correlation with the number of forest fires than the usual mean value. The use logarithmic transformation of the forest fire occurrence frequency and population density allows statistical criteria to be reasonably used.


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