scholarly journals Psychological aspects of aggressive behavior of children living in residential institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Кадникова ◽  
С.С. Смагина ◽  
К.А. Демиденко
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Residential Institutions

Актуальность проблемы исследования агрессивности воспитанников учреждения интернатного типа определяется острой социальной значимостью проблем воспитания и развития детей, оставшихся без попечения родителей, а также недостаточной освещенностью и проработанностью проблемы подростковой агрессивности в микросоциальной среде, формирующейся в условиях детского дома и учреждениях интернатного типа. Целью исследования является выявление психологических особенностей агрессивности воспитанников учреждения интернатного типа. Ведущими методами исследования являются опросник Ильина «Личностная агрессивность и конфликтность»; детский вариант методики Розенцвейга «Исследование реакций человека на фрустрацию»; опросник Басса-Дарки, предназначенный для диагностики различных видов агрессивных реакций; а также методы математической и статистической обработки данных. В качестве теоретико-методологической основы исследования выступают труды отечественных и зарубежных исследователей по вопросам агрессии и агрессивного поведения детей, влияния ведущих психических новообразований на формирование личности и индивидуальных особенностей поведения подростков; а также основные подходы к изучению сиротства. Результаты исследования показали, что при возникновении фрустрирующей и конфликтной ситуаций «семейно депривированные» подростки склонны к агрессивному реагированию статистически значимо чаще, чем их сверстники, воспитывающиеся в семье; при этом агрессивность скорее имеет неосознаваемый и защитный характер. Воспитанники интернатного учреждения подросткового возраста характеризуются следующими психологическими особенностями проявления агрессивности: преобладанием экстрапунитивных реакций самозащитного типа; низким уровнем фрустрационной толерантности; высоким уровнем враждебности; преобладанием физической агрессии над косвенной. К наиболее выраженным формам проявления агрессивности подростков детского дома относятся вербальная, физическая агрессии, подозрительность и обидчивость. К проявлениям «позитивной агрессивности» воспитанников детского дома относится наступательность (напористость и настойчивость). Полученные результаты обуславливают разработку практических рекомендации по проведению коррекционно-развивающих мероприятий с агрессивными подростками, воспитывающимися в учреждениях интернатного типа, а также могут послужить основой для создания программы психологических тренингов по созданию благоприятных условий для оптимизации межличностного взаимодействия между детьми. The problem of children’s up-bringing and development as well as their aggressive behavior (the children who are placed in residential institutions) is of great social significance. The issue of teenage aggressiveness in micro social environment, in conditions of orphanage or special boarding school, requires detailed analysis and wide highlighting. The purpose of the research is the identification of psychological aspects of the aggression of the children living in residential institutions. The key research methods are the following: questionnaire by Ilyin “Individual Aggression and Proneness to Conflict”, behavior assessment system for children Picture Frustration Study by Saul Rosenzweig, the Buss-Durke Aggression Questionnaire as well as mathematical and statistical data processing. The research theoretical and methodological framework for the aggression, aggressive children behavior, age-related psychiatric changes, in forming of personality and individual characteristics of adolescent behavior, is essentially based on the works of Russian and foreign researchers. The results of the research revealed that children deprived of a family environment in a frustrating and conflict situation tend to behave aggressively compared with their peers from family environment. It should be noticed that this aggression is of unconscious and protective nature. The adolescents living in residential institutions are characterized by the following psychological particularities of aggression: extra-punitive response of protective nature, low frustration tolerance, high hostility level and physical aggression prevailing over indirect one. The main forms of aggression of the adolescents living in residential institutions are verbal aggressiveness, physical aggression, suspicion and resentment. The acts of positive aggression are assertiveness and persistence. The results provide practical recommendations for conducting of the remedial and development activities among aggressive teens living in residential institutions. Moreover, these results can be used for developing of the program for psychological training in order to provide favorable conditions for interpersonal interactions among children.

scholarly journals Reference intervals for 26 common biochemical analytes in term neonates in Jilin Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaijin Wang ◽  
Xuetong Zhu ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Jiancheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Abstract Background Biochemical analytes provide information for neonatal disease management and therapy, and population-based reference intervals (RIs) are essential to accurately interpret laboratory test results. This study aimed to establish local RIs for biochemical assays in term neonates. Methods A total of 195 healthy term neonates from birth to 3rd day were recruited as reference individuals prospectively. Analytes of 26 common biochemistries were measured using the VITROS 5600 Integrated System. The 3-level nested ANOVA was performed to assess the need for partitioning RIs of each analyte, and RIs were derived by a nonparametric method or robust method. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate specific correlations between the analytes and individual characteristics including age, gender, gestational age, birthweight and delivery mode. Results There were no between-sex differences in all analytes, whereas there were significant between-day-age differences in 6 analytes. Small between-delivery-mode differences were observed in the results for potassium, phosphorus, and urea. The major related factor of most analytes was postnatal age. During the first 3 days, values of iron, lipids and lipoproteins increased; creatinine, urea, uric acid, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase decreased; other analytes showed slight changes or relatively stable trends. Reference limits of some analytes, particularly lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase, were significantly different from adult and pediatric groups. Conclusions RIs of 26 common biochemical analytes are established for term neonates aged 0 to 3 days in northeast China. Additionally, it is suggested that age-related changes should be valued in the clinical decision-making process for newborns.

The Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients (PAD):

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
STÅL BJØRKLY
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Secure Unit

The Scale for the Prediction of Aggression and Dangerousness in Psychotic Patients (PAD) is a rating scale constructed for the assessment of psychotic patients in relation to 29 situations or interactions. The instrument is used to rate the potential of these situations/interactions for precipitating aggressive behavior in psychotic patients. These assessments result in a profile of situational vulnerability that describes a patient's potential for aggressive behavior in relation to the 29 situations or interactions. In this pilot study, 10 psychotic patients at a special secure unit were assessed by means of this scale. After the completion of the PAD ratings, systematic observations of episodes involving verbal, threatened, and physical aggression were made throughout a 2-year follow-up period. The results indicate that the PAD was able to predict the patients' potential for aggression and, to some extent, the situations that were the most potent precipitants of aggressive behavior.

Investigating Age-Related Differences in Spatial Presence in Virtual Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1782-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean A. McGlynn ◽  
Ranjani M. Sundaresan ◽  
Wendy A. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Spatial Presence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Perceptual Abilities

Virtual reality (VR) has potential applications for promoting physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional well-being for users of all ages. The ability for individuals to develop a sense of being physically located in the virtual environment, referred to as spatial presence, is often an essential component of successful VR applications. Thus, it is necessary to understand the psychological aspects of the spatial presence process and identify methods of measuring presence formation and maintenance. This in-progress study addresses gaps in the spatial presence literature through an empirical evaluation of a conceptual model of spatial presence, which emphasizes users’ characteristics and abilities. Age will serve as a proxy for changes in a variety of presence-relevant cognitive and perceptual abilities. The results will have implications for the design of VR systems and applications and for selecting individuals best-suited for these applications.

scholarly journals Exploring and Expanding the Category of ‘Young Workers’ According to Situated Ways of Doing Risk and Safety—a Case Study in the Retail Industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Lykke Nielsen ◽  
Johnny Dyreborg ◽  
Pete Kines ◽  
Kent J. Nielsen ◽  
Kurt Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Student Workers ◽  
Retail Workers

Young adult workers aged 18–24 years have the highest risk of accidents at work. Following the work of Bourdieu and Tannock, we demonstrate that young adult workers are a highly differentiated group. Accordingly, safety prevention among young adult workers needs to be nuanced in ways that take into consideration the different positions and conditions under which young adult workers are employed. Based on single and group interviews with 26 young adult workers from six various sized supermarkets, we categorize young adult retail workers into the following five distinct groups: ‘Skilled workers,’ ‘Apprentices,’ ‘Sabbatical year workers,’ ‘Student workers,’ and ‘School dropouts.’ We argue that exposure to accidental risk is not equally distributed among them and offer an insight into the narratives of young adult workers on the subject of risk situations at work. The categorizations are explored and expanded according to the situated ways of ‘doing’ risk and safety in the working practices of the adult workers. We suggest that the understanding of ‘young’ as an age-related biological category might explain why approaches to prevent accidents among young employees first and foremost include individual factors like advice, information, and supervision and to a lesser degree the structural and cultural environment wherein they are embedded. We conclude that age cannot stand alone as the only factor in safety prevention directed at workers aged 18–24 years; if we do so, there is a risk of overemphasizing age-related individual characteristics such as awareness and cognitive limitations before structural, relational, and hierarchical dimensions at the workplace.

scholarly journals Postmenopausal women – comorbid patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Pestrikova ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Yurasova ◽  
Olga G. Sherbakova ◽  
Marina А. Shveeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Comorbid Diseases ◽  
Clinical Cases

Relevance. As the prevention and treatment of diseases improves, the average life expectancy of the population increases. For many of our contemporaries, a third of their lives are postmenopausal. Menopause-related health problems are increasingly common and require the attention of healthcare professionals. Aim. To raise awareness of gynecologists, urologists and other specialists about the medico-social significance of the problems of women in the menopausal period based on the analysis of literature sources and analysis of clinical cases. Materials and methods. To write this review, a search was carried out for domestic and foreign publications in Russian and international search systems (PubMed, eLibrary, etc.) over the past 20 years. The review included articles from the peer-reviewed literature. An analysis of 2 clinical cases with comorbid pathology in menopausal patients is presented. Results. The review presents data on age-related physiological changes and quality of life in menopausal women. The analysis of 2 clinical cases of the appointment of menopausal hormone therapy in patients with comorbid diseases was carried out. Conclusions. The importance of awareness of outpatient doctors in the diagnosis and management tactics of patients with comorbid diseases in menopause is emphasized.

scholarly journals SCREENING INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF MOOD DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENCE AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR CURRENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1795-1801
Author(s):  
Larysa V. Pypa ◽  
Yulia N. Lysytsia ◽  
Ruslan V. Svistilnik ◽  
Maryna M. Murhina
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Personal Anxiety ◽  
High Level

Introduction:. The problem of mood disorders in adolescents has recently become acute due to the high frequency of encounter and social significance. The aim: To investigate the screening of anxiety and depressive disorders and their manifestations in adolescent children to determine risk factors and to develop measures for their prevention. Materials and methods: The study was attended by 189 students aged 16-17 years of the educational institutions of the Khmelnytskyi region. For study it was used: Spielberger questionnaire in adaptation A. Andreeva and questionnaire for child depression M. Kovacs, 1992. Results: A high level of personal anxiety was detected in 44 adolescents (23,3%) and situational in 76 (40,2%) adolescents. In 48 (25,4%) adolescents there were signs of depression, in 11 (5,8%) - severe depression. The level of depression in girls was significantly higher compared to boys (95% CI, 2,6-8,8) (p<0,0004), which was manifested in the form of aggressive behavior (95% CI, 3,3-9,4) (p<0,0001) and anhedonia (95% CI, 1,7-7,0) (p<0,001). Signs of depression more often were appeared in adolescents who had an incomplete family (95% CI, 0,7-8,5) (p<0,02) and manifested in the form of aggressive behavior (95% CI, 0,6 (p<0,02), anhedonia (95% CI, 0,7-7,3) (p<0,01) and negative self-esteem with the presence of suicidal thoughts (95% CI, 0,3-7,5) (p<0,03). Conclusions: Mood disorders are quite common among adolescents and require timely detection and correction in order to improve their social adaptation and prevent suicidal behavior. The main factors of mood disorders in adolescents can be an incomplete family and a female.

scholarly journals Psycho-Semantic Analysis of Individual Structure of Adolescent’s World Image

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01168
Author(s):  
Elizaveta I. Shuleva
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Categories ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
World Image

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the structure of the image of the older adolescent’s world. When analyzing the data, the computer program of statistical analysis of texts “ADVEGO”, content analysis, morphological and semantic analysis was used. Morphological analysis of empirical data has shown that the most used words belong to the category of nouns. Content analysis made it possible to identify eight semantic categories of word groups that characterize the levels of the image of the teenager’s world: nature, social, subject, friendship, school, hobbies and leisure, family, mental (needs, cognitive processes, emotions, feelings, personal qualities). The most significant level in terms of the volume of semantic units and the nature of ongoing processes is the mental level. The results of the conducted research allowed drawing the following conclusions. The individual structure of an older adolescent’s world image is a complex mental phenomenon that has universal, age and individual characteristics. Its universal characteristics are multi-levelness and hierarchy; age-related – dynamics, polarity, existentialism, and accentuation on the present time. The individual characteristics of an older adolescent’s world image are due to individual personal characteristics of the flow of his or her mental activity.

scholarly journals Relation of teacher self-efficacy and classroom practices: A preliminary investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Poulou ◽  
Linda A. Reddy ◽  
Christopher M. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Classroom Practices ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Teachers Perceptions

Teachers’ perceptions of self-efficacy are one of the few individual characteristics that predict teacher practice. There is limited research linking teachers’ perceptions of self-efficacy and actual classroom practices. The study examined teacher’ perceptions of self-efficacy and actual instructional and behavior management practices using the Classroom strategies assessment system (CSAS), a multidimensional validated observation system. Fifty-eight Greek teachers completed the Teacher sense of efficacy scale (TSES) and were observed using the CSAS by independent observers. Significant differences between teachers’ self-reported self-efficacy and observers’ ratings were found in the domain of instructional strategies. Implications for research, professional development and school psychological practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Aggression Type Influences Perceptions of a Woman’s Body Size, Personality, and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 147470492091793
Author(s):  
Jaime L. Palmer-Hague
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
And Behavior

Although women engage in both physical and nonphysical aggression, little is known about how aggression type influences perceptions of their morphology, personality, and social behavior. Evolutionary theory predicts that women avoid physical aggression due to risk of injury, which could compromise reproductive success. Engaging in physical aggression might therefore decrease women’s perceived mate value. However, physical aggression could be advantageous for some women, such as those who are larger in size and less vulnerable to injury. This presents the possibility that physically aggressive women might be perceived as larger and not necessarily lower in mate value. These hypotheses have not been tested. Across three studies, I used narratives to test the effect of aggression type (physical, verbal, indirect, nonaggressive) on perceptions of women’s height, weight, masculinity, attractiveness, and social status. In Studies 1 and 2, participants perceived a physically aggressive woman to be both larger and more masculine than nonphysically aggressive women. In Study 3, participants perceived both a physically aggressive woman and a nonaggressive woman to be larger than an indirectly aggressive woman; the effect of aggression type on perceptions of a hypothetical man’s height was not significant. I also found some evidence that aggression type influenced perceptions of attractiveness and social status, but these were small and inconsistent effects that warrant further study. Taken together, the results suggest that physical and indirect aggressive behavior may be associated with certain morphological and behavioral profiles in women.

scholarly journals Using Positive Emotion Training With Maltreated Youths to Reduce Anger Bias and Physical Aggression

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-787
Author(s):  
Kelli L. Dickerson ◽  
Jennifer L. Skeem ◽  
Lina Montoya ◽  
Jodi A. Quas
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Treatment Condition ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Effective Interventions

Maltreated youths often overinterpret anger in others’ emotional expressions, particularly expressions that are ambiguous, and this “anger bias” is associated with aggressive behavior. In the current experiment, we tested the effect of an emotion-training intervention on anger bias and subsequent aggression. Eighty-four youths, ages 8 to 17, who had been removed from home because of maltreatment and had screened positive for aggressive tendencies, served as participants. Over 4 days, youths completed positive emotion training, a computerized program in which youths classify emotional expressions. Youths in the treatment condition received feedback to encourage their recognition of happiness over anger in ambiguous expressions. Physical aggression up to 1 week posttraining was assessed on the basis of self- and staff reports. The intervention was effective in reducing youths’ anger bias and somewhat so in reducing aggression—the latter of—which occurred infrequently, limiting power. Results offer direction for developmental research and cost-effective interventions for maltreated youths at risk for aggression and future justice-system involvement.

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