Interrelationships among age, body weight, backfat and lactation feed intake with reproductive performance and longevity of sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Young ◽  
G. J. King ◽  
J. Shaw ◽  
M. Quinton ◽  
J. S. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dietary Energy

Data from an experiment involving gilts mated at first, second or third observed estrus and feeding of three levels of gestation energy throughout four parities were used to evaluate the effects of age, body weight, backfat thickness and changes in them on various measures of reproductive performance. Regression equations were estimated by using a stepwise regression analysis. Data were available for 304 initial sows that farrowed a first litter of which 115 farrowed to initial assigned breeding within gestation dietary energy level and completed four parities. Age, weight, backfat thickness or ratios between them at initial mating did not account for an appreciable amount of the variation (R2 < 0.08) in number of pigs born alive in the first litter or total number of pigs born alive per initial sow. Feed intake in lactation, age at first estrus as gilts or age at breeding of sows and the ratio of backfat to weight at farrowing accounted for a small proportion of the variation in weaning to estrus interval. There was an increased culling rate of sows with less than 12 mm P2 backfat at weaning after parities 2 and 3. Key words: Weight, backfat, reproduction, longevity, sows

scholarly journals PSXI-6 Effects of different feeding strategies during gestation on the reproductive performance of crossbred Landrace-Yorkshire sows

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 388-388
Author(s):  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
North American ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
American System ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different feeding strategies during gestation on the reproductive performance of sows. A total of 1121 American Landrace-Yorkshire (YL) crossbred sows and parity from 1 to 4 were assigned randomly to “North American System” feeding pattern or “Danish System” feeding pattern during gestation basing on the backfat thickness and body weight. Sows received the same diet and fed ad libitum during lactation. Results showed that over the entire gestation period, there was also no difference in average daily feed intake and total feed intake between two groups (P &gt; 0.05). “Danish System” group has significantly improved the backfat thickness at gestation 30 d (P &lt; 0.01). At 110 d of gestation, there was no difference of the backfat thickness between two groups (P &gt; 0.05). “Danish System” group had significantly increased the total number of born (P = 0.02) and born alive (P = 0.04). The number of total born (P = 0.04), stillborn (P = 0.05) and mummies (P = 0.02), had significantly different in between parities of sows. Mummies had significantly interaction effect (P = 0.01). No different was observed for the number of weaned pigs, litter weight at weaning, piglet weight, and weaning to oestrus interval between two groups. However, a significant increase of litter weight at weaning, piglet weight, was associated with increased parity of sow (P &lt; 0.01). The results of the present investigation showed that “Danish System” group could significantly increase the litter size and number born alive. Our findings point to the importance that the Danish system can be applied to North American genotypes.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

scholarly journals Determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the face profile in ukrainian young men and girls with orthognathic bite

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
М. О. Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Stepwise Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Determination Coefficient ◽  
Normal Occlusion

Modern dentistry requires the definition of individualized values of teleroentgenographic indicators. To solve such problems, methods of regression and correlation analysis are increasingly used, which help to establish not only the existence of various relationships between the anatomical structures of the head and the parameters of the dento-jaw system, but also allow more accurately predict the change in the contour of soft facial tissue in response to orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the study is to develop mathematical models for the determination of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the facial soft tissues by studying the cephalometric indices of young men and women of Ukraine with normal occlusion and balanced faces and conducting a direct stepwise regression analysis. With the use of Veraviewepocs 3D device, Morita (Japan) from 38 young men (17 to 21 years of age) and 55 young women (aged from 16 to 20 years) with occlusal close to the orthognathic bite and balanced faces received side teleroentgenograms. The cephalometric analysis was performed using OnyxCeph³™ licensed software. Cephalometric points and measurements were made according to the recommendations of Downs W. B., Holdway R. A., McNamara J., Schwarz A. M., Schmuth G. P. F., Steiner C. C. and Tweed C. H. With the help of direct stepwise regression analysis, in the licensed package “Statistica 6.0”, regression models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were constructed. In young men with normal occlusion close to the orthognathic bite of 19 possible models, 11 were constructed with a determination coefficient from 0.638 to 0.930, and in young women – 12 models with a determination coefficient from 0.541 to 0.927. The conducted analysis of models showed that in young men most often the regression equations included – angle N_POG, parameters of which indicate a linear interjaw relation in the anterior-posterior direction (14.0%); angle GL_SNPOG, or index of convexity of the soft tissue profile (8.8%); MAX maxillary length (7.0%), and GL_SN_S index, which defines vertical correlations in the facial profile (5.3%). The young women most often models included – the angle N_POG (12.5%); angle GL_SNPOG (7.5%); soft tissue front angle P_OR_N (6.25%); the reference angle ML_NL and the profile angle T (by 5.0%); the angle AB_NPOG, the angle NBA_PTGN, which defines the direction of development of the mandible and the distance PN_A (3.75%). Thus, in the work with the help of the method of stepwise regression with inclusion, among Ukrainians of adolescence age, based on the characteristics of teleroentgenographic indicators, reliable models of individual teleroentgenographic characteristics of the profile of soft facial tissues were developed and analyzed.

scholarly journals Associations between residual feed intake and apparent nutrient digestibility, in vitro methane-producing activity, and volatile fatty acid concentrations in growing beef cattle1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 3550-3561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn R Johnson ◽  
Gordon E Carstens ◽  
Wimberly K Krueger ◽  
Phillip A Lancaster ◽  
Erin G Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between residual feed intake (RFI) and DM and nutrient digestibility, in vitro methane production, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in growing beef cattle. Residual feed intake was measured in growing Santa Gertrudis steers (Study 1; n = 57; initial BW = 291.1 ± 33.8 kg) and Brangus heifers (Study 2; n = 468; initial BW = 271.4 ± 26.1 kg) fed a high-roughage-based diet (ME = 2.1 Mcal/kg DM) for 70 d in a Calan-gate feeding barn. Animals were ranked by RFI based on performance and feed intake measured from day 0 to 70 (Study 1) or day 56 (Study 2) of the trial, and 20 animals with the lowest and highest RFI were identified for subsequent collections of fecal and feed refusal samples for DM and nutrient digestibility analysis. In Study 2, rumen fluid and feces were collected for in vitro methane-producing activity (MPA) and VFA analysis in trials 2, 3, and 4. Residual feed intake classification did not affect BW or BW gain (P &gt; 0.05), but low-RFI steers and heifers both consumed 19% less (P &lt; 0.01) DMI compared with high-RFI animals. Steers with low RFI tended (P &lt; 0.1) to have higher DM digestibility (DMD) compared with high-RFI steers (70.3 vs. 66.5 ± 1.6% DM). Heifers with low RFI had 4% higher DMD (76.3 vs. 73.3 ± 1.0% DM) and 4 to 5% higher (P &lt; 0.01) CP, NDF, and ADF digestibility compared with heifers with high RFI. Low-RFI heifers emitted 14% less (P &lt; 0.01) methane (% GE intake; GEI) calculated according to Blaxter and Clapperton (1965) as modified by Wilkerson et al. (1995), and tended (P = 0.09) to have a higher rumen acetate:propionate ratio than heifers with high RFI (GEI = 5.58 vs. 6.51 ± 0.08%; A:P ratio = 5.02 vs. 4.82 ± 0.14%). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that apparent nutrient digestibilities (DMD and NDF digestibility) for Study 1 and Study 2 accounted for an additional 8 and 6%, respectively, of the variation in intake unaccounted for by ADG and mid-test BW0.75. When DMD, NDF digestibility, and total ruminal VFA were added to the base model for Study 2, trials 2, 3, and 4, the R2 increased from 0.33 to 0.47, explaining an additional 15% of the variation in DMI unrelated to growth and body size. On the basis of the results of these studies, differences in observed phenotypic RFI in growing beef animals may be a result of inter-animal variation in apparent nutrient digestibility and ruminal VFA concentrations.

Relationships between progeny residual feed intake and dam productivity traits

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
D. McCartney ◽  
E. K. Okine ◽  
V. S. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Fat Thickness

Two hundred and twenty-two yearling calves and their dams were used to examine the phenotypic (rp) relationships between progeny residual feed intake (RFI) and maternal productivity across 10 production cycles. Progeny RFI ranged from -3.95 to +2.72 kg as fed d-1 (SD = 0.94), while RFI adjusted for off-test backfat thickness (RFIadj), ranged from -2.48 to +1.53 kg as fed d-1 (SD = 0.88). Progeny RFI and RFIadj were unrelated to on-test age, body weight, growth rate, and ultrasound longissimus thoracis area and positively related to feed intake (rp = 0.51 to 0.53; P < 0.001), feed to gain ratio (rp = 0.44 to 0.46; P < 0.001), feeding behaviour traits (rp = 0.29 to 0.36; P < 0.001) and cow RFI (rp = 0.30, P < 0.05). Progeny RFI was positively related to measures of body fat (rp = 0.21 to 0.27; P < 0.05), but these relationships disappeared when RFI was adjusted for off-test backfat thickness. Cows that had produced LOW (≤ 0.5 SD), MEDIUM (± 0.5 SD) or HIGH (≥ 0.5 SD) RFIadj progeny were similar in pregnancy (95.6 vs. 95.3 vs. 96.0%, P = 0.90), calving (84.9 vs. 83.4 vs. 86.3%, P = 0.62) and weaning (81.5 vs. 80.2 vs. 82.3%, P = 0.79) rates. However, cows that produced HIGH RFIadj progeny had a higher twinning rate (3.77 vs. 0.35 vs. 0.00%, P < 0.001) and an increased calf death loss (8.06 vs. 4.24 vs. 4.02%, P = 0.10) compared with cows that produced MEDIUM or LOW RFIadj progeny. Cow body weight over 10 production cycles was similar at weaning, pre-calving and pre-breeding for dams that had produced LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH RFIadj progeny, and dams that produced LOW RFIadj progeny consistently averaged 2–3 mm more back fat thickness than dams that produced HIGH RFIadj progeny. Calf birth weight, pre-weaning ADG and 200-d weight, and cow production efficiency and calving interval were similar among dams that produced LOW, MEDIUM and HIGH RFIadj progeny. In addition, dams that produced LOW RFIadj progeny consumed less feed during their second trimester of pregnancy (10.9 vs. 11.6 vs. 12.2 kg DM d-1, P < 0.05), had lower RFI values (-0.05 vs. 0.44 vs. 1.88 kg as fed d-1, P = 0.018) and calved later in the year (96 vs. 90 vs. 91 d Julian, P < 0.001) than dams that produced MEDIUM and HIGH RFIadj progeny. These results showed that efficient RFI progeny and dams consumed less feed, had improved feed to gain ratio and spent less time in feed activity than inefficient cows and calves. In addition, cows that produced efficient calves were fatter, had fewer twins, less calf death loss and produced the same weight of calf weaned per cow exposed to breeding compared with cows that produced inefficient progeny. However, cows that produced efficient or low RFI progeny calved 5–6 d later in the year than cows that produced inefficient or high RFI progeny, indicating a need to monitor reproductive fitness in low RFI replacement heifers and breeding bulls. Key words: Residual feed intake, cow reproduction, lifetime production efficiency

Evaluation and Recalculation of Manufacturer’s Instrument-Specific Aspartate Aminotransferase Values for Reference Sera

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald H Laessig ◽  
Andris Indriksons ◽  
Thomas H Schwartz ◽  
Toni A Paskey
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Aminotransferase Activity ◽  
Consensus Value ◽  
Multichannel Analyzer ◽  
Automated Procedures ◽  
Automated Methods

Abstract We compared a manufacturer’s stated values to those obtained by a reference method for aspartate aminotransferase activity in reference sera. We determined the validity with which this manufacturer’s stated values may be used as multichannel-analyzer set points, and related values obtained by the reference method to instrument-specific values by regression analysis. Data were obtained from 40 multichannel analyzers, comprising three different instruments (and their respective procedures): SMA 12/ 60, ultraviolet and colorimetric; SMA 12/30, colorimetric (reported in Karmen units); and MARK X, colorimetric. Results that best correspond with those for the Karmen-uv reference method are those obtained by automated methods that most closely emulate it. Regression equations relate Karmen (reference method) results to instrument-specific values. These relationships enable laboratories to check assay values of their lots of reference or control sera against a consensus value obtained from the group of similar instruments used in the study. Regression equations are calculated for the intercomparison of results from the four automated procedures.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, FEED INTAKE AND EFFICIENCY OF INDIGENOUS AND CROSSBRED TURKEYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
B. M. ILORI ◽  
D. O. OGUNTADE ◽  
K. AKANO ◽  
S. O. DUROSARO ◽  
M. O. OZOJE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Female Reproductive Traits

This study assessed the reproductive performance of indigenous and crossbred parent stocks and the influence of sire genotype on the growth and efficiency of feed utilization by their progenies. A total of 300 poults, 150 for each genotype were generated from two crosses (Nicholas white x Indigenous and Indigenous x Indigenous turkeys). Data were collected on the reproductive performance of the parents while body weight and feed intake from day old to the 20th week of age were also collected from the progenies generated. The experiment was a complete randomized design with data generated subjected to two way analysis of variance using SAS. The result of the study showed that sire genotype had significant effect (p<0.05) on semen colour and semen volume while semen pH, motility, morphology and live dead ratio were not significantly affected. Crossbred tom had higher semen volume (0.39 ml) compared to 0.18 ml recorded in indigenous turkey. Genotype had no significant effect (p>0.05) on all female reproductive traits such as fertility, hatchability, dead in-germ, weak in-shell and dead in-shell. However, the indigenous turkey had higher fertility percentage (85%) while 80% hatchability was observed in crossbred turkey. Crossbred turkey significantly (p<0.05) had higher body weight (3330g) at 20 week of age compared to the indigenous turkey (2869g). Sexual dimorphism in favour of the male turkey was also observed throughout the period of the experiment. Although the crossbred turkey consumed more feed, the efficiency of feed utilization was better in the indigenous turkey. This findings suggested that the indigenous turkeys can be successfully improved with the introgression of exotic genetic material while crossbred turkeys can be further selected for improved productive and adaptive traits.  

Determining the equivalent phosphorus released by an Escherichia coli-derived phytase in broiler chicks

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adedokun ◽  
J. S. Sands ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Response Variables

Seven-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a 14-d experiment to determine the equivalency value of a new phytase using corn-soybean meal based diets. The experimental diets consisted of positive control (PC) or negative control (NC) diets which were formulated to contain 5.0 or 1.2 g kg-1 non-phytate P, respectively, with a total P of 7.7 or 3.9 g kg-1, respectively; and respective calcium levels of 10.0 or 7.6 g kg-1. The test diets were formulated by the addition of monosodium phosphate (MSP; analyzed to contain 224.0 g kg-1 P) to the NC diet to supply 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g of P kg-1 diet, and phytase was added to the NC diet at 500 FTU or 1000 FTU kg-1 at the expense of corn starch. Each diet was randomly assigned to eight cages of four birds each. Body weight gain (BWG) showed both linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) with increasing level of dietary P or phytase supplementation (450 to 656 or 603 g, respectively). Feed efficiency (g BWG/g feed intake) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increase in P or phytase supplementation and quadratic effect to increasing level of phytase (P < 0.05) supplementation (0.699 to 0.793 or 0.758 g, respectively). Percent tibia and toe ash increased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental P from MSP or phytase supplementation (37.7 and 8 to 47.9 and 10.9 or 45.2 and 10, respectively). Total intestinal tract P and N digestibility increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing P supplementation and showed increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) response to phytase. The response variables, BWG, toe and tibia ash, feed intake and final body weight were used for P equivalency calculation. By solving the equated linear regression equations for the supplemental inorganic P intake and supplemental phytase intake for each of the response variables, between 0.930 and 1.101 g of P was released by 1000 FTU of phytase. The results of this study showed that this phytase was efficacious in hydrolyzing phytate P for bone mineralization and growth of broiler chicks. Key words: Chicks, equivalency value, monosodium phosphate, phosphorus, phytase

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