scholarly journals Production of oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nanthakumar Arumugam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Agro Residues

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant plant material present on earth which is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The composition of lignocellulosic biomass varies depending on the type of plant material and the conditions at which the plant grow. Exploration of lignocellulose for the production of value-added compounds including all types of platform chemicals, biofuels and bioactive compounds is gaining momentum. However, extensive research needs to the carried out to minimize the cost of production to make the processing of this biomass more viable. In the last two decades, several agricultural biomass types have been studied to facilitate the production of biochemicals and biofuels at a low cost. Biomass such as peanut shells, bambara, cowpea and sorghum are some of the indigenous crops of South Africa that are yet to be explored for value addition. Therefore, this study was designed to characterize the underutilized agro-residues such as peanut shell, bambara, cowpea and sorghum biomass for the enzymatic production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and their application.

scholarly journals Mini-Review on the Synthesis of Furfural and Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Jiang ◽  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhiyue Zhao ◽  
Zixiao Yi ◽  
Zuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Catalytic System ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Alternative Route ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Platform Chemicals

Efficient conversion of renewable biomass into value-added chemicals and biofuels is regarded as an alternative route to reduce our high dependence on fossil resources and the associated environmental issues. In this context, biomass-based furfural and levulinic acid (LA) platform chemicals are frequently utilized to synthesize various valuable chemicals and biofuels. In this review, the reaction mechanism and catalytic system developed for the generation of furfural and levulinic acid are summarized and compared. Special efforts are focused on the different catalytic systems for the synthesis of furfural and levulinic acid. The corresponding challenges and outlooks are also observed.

scholarly journals Value Chain Analysis of Fish in Meghalaya: A Case Study in East Khasi Hills District

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Fermented Fish ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fish Marketing

This study on ‘Value Chain Analysis of Fish in Meghalaya: A case study in East Khasi Hills district’ has been conducted in 2020-21 with specific objectives (1) To map the actors involved in the value chain of fish business. (2) To estimate the value addition in fish marketing by the value chain actors. The value chain actors were identified and the structure of the value chains was mapped. The study revealed that the most commonly followed method of value addition of fish in the study area are fermenting, drying and smoking. The cost incurred for making fermented fish was observed to be ` 21.50/kg, ` 16.50/kg for dry fish and ` 37.50/kg for smoked fish. Additionally, net profit was found to be highest in value-added fish than compared to fresh ones. Therefore, value addition should be encouraged among fish farmers to increase net profit.

scholarly journals The cost and revenue analysis of transactions through live sheep value chain in Sudan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Nuha. E. Abass ◽  
◽  
Mohamed. A. Ibnouf ◽  
Abdelateif. H. Ibrahim ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
The Cost

Present study was conducted to examine the cost and revenues along the live sheep value chain in Sudan besides the determination of marketing indicators and value addition for the sheep as economic performance among the main actors of the chain covering the locations of Elkhwei, Elnhud locality in West Kordofan state and Omdurman locality in Khartoum state. The data were collected through a field survey conducted during July- September 2018 using questionnaires, stratified random sampling representing the live sheep value chain actors of producers, wholesalers, retailers, processors, and exporters with a total sample size of 300 respondents. The study was following the descriptive statistics methods. The results showed that the producers, exporters, and processors bear the major cost in the live sheep value chain compared to retailers and wholesalers. The cost items of transporting, loading, and veterinary care were the major cost items after the certificate of origin and feed items for they comprised the main value activities performed along the chain of exporters. Also, the revenues of live sheep marketing increase along the value chain to reach its highest value for exporters. That is the same for the marketing indicators "GMM, NMM, and GPM as they increase along with the value chain actors. The producers' share in the sheep marketing value chain in Sudan owns 29% of the sheep market and the sheep (MER) in Sudan is considered as very good registering 71%. Exporters get the most value of sheep marketing as a commodity moving along the value chain reaching 67% compared to value-added for the other factors

scholarly journals Profitability Analysis of Ginger Value Addition in Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Chigozirim Onwusiribe ◽  
Chimarauche Peace Amanze ◽  
Chinwendu Oriaku
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Value Added Products

This study analyzed the profitability of ginger value addition in Abia State, Nigeria. This study identified the ginger value-added products common in the area, the cost implications of the value addition process, and the socio-economic and farm-specific factors affecting ginger value addition. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 60 (sixty) respondents and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data. The results revealed that the value ginger products were dried ginger, salted ginger, ginger flakes, ginger oil, and ginger paste. The factors affecting the profitability of ginger value addition from the linear regression model shows that education, income, capital, and collateral were significant. It is, therefore, recommended that youth and entrepreneurs should invest in ginger value addition as it is profitable and it is a sure way to economic empowerment and fight against hunger. 

Tax-efficient sourcing and supply-chain management

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Michael Gillin ◽  
Jonathon Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Supply Chain Risk ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The Cost

With such significant growth in the LNG industry and the broader energy and natural resources sector, the supply-chain risk and the cost of sourcing capital equipment and materials is increasingly difficult to manage. Many organisations are beginning to consider the merits of moving to a tax-efficient supply chain and procurement model, both through sourcing from a low-cost country and also centralising purchasing and supply operations in a tax-efficient location. Tax-efficient sourcing integrates supply chain and procurement-operating model design with tax planning to deliver significant cost reductions and profit increases through centrally controlling procurement operations. The consideration of the most efficient tax structures to support sourcing and distribution of equipment also delivers. Centrally controlled strategic and tactical supply chain and procurement operations in a tax-efficient location support an organisation in: realising benefits through leveraging scale in operations and procurement; designing a flexible framework that can be used to decide which categories of spending are managed globally, regionally, and locally;and, the acceleration and sustainability of significant procurement savings delivery from low-cost locations. Planning and management of the tax implications of physical supply-chain operations to reduce the actual taxes paid on profits and operations happen through: the potential to reduce corporate taxes on company profits; reducing absolute value-added tax (VAT) payable or cash-flow cost of VAT; reducing duty payable; optimising the indirect taxes paid on physical flows; and, change of transfer pricing driving reduction in effective corporate tax rates.

scholarly journals Design of low-cost ionic liquids for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthe George ◽  
Agnieszka Brandt ◽  
Kim Tran ◽  
Shahrul M. S. Nizan S. Zahari ◽  
Daniel Klein-Marcuschamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass Pretreatment ◽  
The Cost

The cost of ionic liquids (ILs) is a barrier to utilization in cellulosic biorefinery pretreatment. Our low-cost [HSO4]− ILs are nearly as efficient as standard [OAc] options.

scholarly journals Fish Waste-Potential Low Cost Substrate for Bacterial Protease Production: A Brief Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Ramkumar ◽  
Nallusamy Sivakumar ◽  
Reginald Victor
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Value Added Products

Industrial biotechnology processes have recently been exploited for an economic utilization of wastes to produce value added products. Of which, fish waste is one of the rich sources of proteins that can be utilized as low cost substrates for microbial enzyme production. Fish heads, tails, fins, viscera and the chitinous materials make up the wastes from fish industries. Processing these wastes for the production of commercial value added products could result in a decrease in the cost of production. In addition, we can eliminate the pollution of the environment and health issues due to the improper disposal of these fish wastes. This review highlights the potential use of fish waste as a cheaper substrate for the production of economically important protease enzyme.

scholarly journals Preparation of Low-Cost Value-Added Indian Desserts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 770-780
Author(s):  
Mausam Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Potato Flour ◽  
Barley Flour ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Amaranth Seed ◽  
Sweet Potato Flour ◽  
The Cost

Abstract: The inter-relationships between poverty and nutrition are well known; poverty restricts access to food required to meet daily requirements or ensure dietary diversity and thus leads to malnutrition, while malnutrition can adversely affect educational and economic attainments, thus perpetuating poverty. Locally available foods which contains various nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, essential amino acids (lysine, metheonine, valine etc.), “Preparation of Low Cost Value Added Indian Desserts (Pancake)”. with the objectives to determine the nutrient composition of malted wheat flour, malted barley flour, puffed amaranth seed flour, sweet potato flour, carrot flour and acceptability of value added prepared products by the incorporation of malted wheat flour, malted barley flour, puffed amaranth seed flour, sweet potato flour, carrot flour at different levels, to assess the organoleptic evaluation which were serve as treatment T1 (30g malted wheat flour,20g malted barley flour,20g sweet potato flour,20g carrot flour,10g puffed amaranth seed flour), T2 (25g malted wheat flour,20g malted barley flour,30g sweet potato flour,15g carrot flour,10g puffed amaranth seed flour) and T3 (20g malted wheat flour,20g malted barley flour,40g sweet potato flour,10g carrot flour,10g puffed amaranth seed flour) respectively, and “Pancake” was served as treatment T1 (30g malted wheat flour,20g malted barley flour,20g sweet potato flour,20g carrot flour,10g puffed amaranth seed flour), T2 (25g malted wheat flour,20g malted barley flour,30 g sweet potato flour,15g carrot flour,10g puffed amaranth seed flour) and T3 (20g malted wheat flour,20g malted barley flour,40g sweet potato flour,10g carrot flour,10g puffed amaranth seed flour) without incorporation of “malted wheat flour, malted barley flour, puffed amaranth seed flour, sweet potato flour, carrot flour” (T0) served as control. They were replicated three times for all three products and orangoleptic evaluation was carried out using the nine point hedonic scale. Nutritional composition was calculated using the different chemical analysis procedure; data obtained during investigation were statiscally analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and critical difference (CD) techniques. On the basis of findings, was concluded that in case of “Pancake” incorporation level of treatment T2 (25g malted wheat flour, 20g malted barley flour, 30g sweet potato flour,15g carrot flour, 10g puffed amaranth seed flour) scored the best with regard to colour and appearance, body and texture, taste and flavour, overall acceptability. The cost of products based on raw materials (Rs/ 100g). The cost of the (Pancake) ranged between Rs 8.9 to Rs 11.45. Nutrient analysis of the products showed an increase in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium and iron content when compared with control. On the basis of findings we concluded that the products for prepared by incorporating malted wheat flour, malted barley flour, puffed amaranth seed flour, sweet potato flour, carrot flour at different levels were at par with control/ conventional food products as well as improve the iron, fiber and calcium content. These food products are beneficial for malnourished children. Keywords: Malted Wheat, Malted Barley, Puffed Amaranth seed, Sweet Potato, Carrot, Pancake, amino acid.

scholarly journals Training of Self Help Group women on food safety through Value Addition of lemon waste: Peel

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupender Kaur ◽  
Bhagwat Singh Rathore ◽  
Prem Chand Gadhwal ◽  
Ashok Kumar Sharma ◽  
P. K. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Lemon Peel ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Value Added Products

Waste can contain many reusable substances of high value depending on the adequate technology by this residual matter can be converted into commercial products. The lemons are extremely effective to treat the disease, which are caused by a vitamin C deficiency. The health benefits of lemons and lemon juice are well known but the lemon peels contain about 2.5 times more vitamins than lemon juice. It is also an excellent source of fiber, potassium, magnesium, calcium, folate, and beta carotene. The purpose of this paper is to describe the latest advances on the potential of lemon peel as a source of functional food products. For that purpose two trainings were organized by KVK on food safety and preparation of value added products among SHG beneficiary with practical interventions on lemon products making (Lemon Squash, lemon peel pickle and candy). These trainings were conducted in four parts, Part: 1.Knowledge on use of lemon: Health promotion by use of lemon, Part: 2. Uses of Lemon juice for the production of products: Squash and sharbat, Part: 3. Value addition of Lemon waste: Peal as a food products making: Pickle candy, Part: 4. Knowledge on preparation of oil less pickles at low cost. This knowledge is very useful for food safety as well as to establish SHG enterprise.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL VALORIZATION OF CELLULOSE FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS: A STEP TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
RAMANDEEP KAUR ◽  
PUNEET KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modified Cellulose ◽  
Value Added Products

"The potential of non-edible lignocellulosic biomass paves the path to sustainable economy. A large number of valueadded products have been synthesized by the fractionation of the major components of biomass, i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth, serves as a starting material for the synthesis of various platform chemicals, such as sorbitol, 5- hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF), dimethylfuran and levulinic acid. Hydrogels and aerogels fabricated from cellulose, modified cellulose or nanocellulose have proved valuable in a wide range of such as biomedical, food and technological applications. Cellulose-based polymers or bioplastics also emerged as an alternative to fossil fuel-based polymers. In this review, chemical paths to valorize plant cellulose for producing various value-added products have been discussed. The major challenge for valorization is the development of novel and green synthesis methods with simultaneous focus on an integrated approach."

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