A Socio-pragmatic study of the swear and the oath in Shakespeare's "Othello"

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Human Science ◽  
New Order ◽  
Sentence Meaning ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Basic Standards ◽  
Pragmatic Study

“Never swear even if you are righteous” is an inherent statement that reflects the psychological, sociological, as well as structural characteristics of swearing and oath making in the individual’s life. This paper tries to present an introduction to the speech act of swearing and oath making. Pragmatics is a moderately new order whose nature of request crosses with that of various other sociologies, like phonetics, applied etymology, basic talk examination, semantics, sociolinguistics, human science, brain research and humanities. Pragmatics does not have its procedure; however, it draws upon the system utilized in other sociologies. As the field of pragmatics is expansive and covers an assortment of strands, from the investigation of contextualized sentence meaning to the investigation of significance in the manner by which information is gathered and examined relies upon the sober-minded viewpoint received by the specialist, just as on the object of study. This paper has zeroed in on socio-pragmatics as its approach to handling the selected subject; to be specific, on the investigation of the basic standards of speaker and listener significance as reflected in the (fitting) acknowledgement of discourse acts, the association of discussion, affableness appearances and socio-pragmatic variety. It hypothesizes that swearing, oaths are deeds that are socially influenced, and so that they should, socio- pragmatically studied. It aims to show the socio-pragmatics insight of the use of swearing and oaths by answering the raised questions. The questions are as follows; Do swearing and oaths have significance in “Othello”? Do Swearing and oaths differ from one person to another? Does the position of the individual influence the swearing and the oaths of the person? Does sex affect the use of swearing and oaths? The paper is limited to Shakespeare’s “Othello” as a text that has many reflections for the use of swears and oaths. It ends with a conclusion that sums up the results of the discussion.

Rituals of apology in the global arena

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohar Kampf ◽  
Nava Löwenheim
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Communicative Processes

Since the beginning of the 1990s, there has been growing academic interest in the speech act of apology. Both the nature of apologetic communicative processes and the potential of apologies to promote reconciliation remain, however, under debate. The aim of this article is to map common types of rituals found in what is termed ‘the age of apology’, to identify the processual and structural characteristics of these rituals, and to understand their contribution to restoring relations in the global arena. The analysis yields three types of rituals of apology: purification – that is, asymmetrical rituals in which the offender issues an apology in order to purify his or her dismal past but does not necessarily need the approval of an offended party; humiliation – that is, asymmetrical rituals in which the offended party forces the offender to participate in a degradation ritual as a condition for closure; and settlement – that is, symmetrical rituals in which both sides strive to restore relations. The theoretical and practical implications of these rituals are discussed.

Synthetic Transfer Zone Characterization Using Seismic Attributes: An Example from the Parihaka Fault System in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-73
Author(s):  
Pierre Karam ◽  
Shankar Mitra ◽  
Kurt Marfurt ◽  
Brett M. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Seismic Attributes ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Structural Interpretation ◽  
Transfer Zones ◽  
Seismic Characterization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Transfer Zone

Synthetic transfer zones develop between fault segments which dip in the same direction, with relay ramps connecting the fault blocks separated by the different fault segments. The characteristics of the transfer zones are controlled by the lithology, deformation conditions, and strain magnitude. The Parihaka fault is a NE-SW trending set of three major en-echelon faults connected by relay ramps in the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. The structure in the basin is defined by extension during two episodes of deformation between the late Cretaceous and Paleocene and between the Late Miocene and recent. To better understand the evolution of a synthetic transfer zone, we study the geometry and secondary faulting between the individual fault segments in the Parihaka fault system using structural interpretation of 3D seismic data and seismic attributes. This interpretation allows for a unique application of seismic attributes to better study transfer zones. Seismic attributes, including coherence, dip, and curvature are effective tools to understand the detailed geometry and variation in displacement on the individual faults, the nature of secondary faulting along the transfer zones, and the relationship between the faults and drape folds. Seismic characterization of the fault system of Miocene to Pliocene age horizons highlights variations in the degree of faulting, deformation, and growth mechanism associated with different stages of transfer zone development. Coherence, dip, and curvature attributes show a direct correlation with structural parameters such as deformation, folding, and breaching of relay ramps.. All three attributes enhance the visualization of the major and associated secondary faults and better constrain their tectonic history. The observed correlation between seismic attributes and structural characteristics of transfer zones can significantly improve structural interpretation and exploration workflow.

scholarly journals The Pragmatic Study of Speech Act Analysis in Discussion Activities on Speaking Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Widiastuti Muchsin
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Perlocutionary Act ◽  
Pragmatic Study ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research problems of this research is what are the types and functions of speech acts that appear in discussion activities on speaking learning of 3rd semester students of Polytechnic ATI Makassar. The methods in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The subject of this research is the 3rd semester Politechnic ATI Makassar students in class discussion activities. The results of the study can be described as follows. There are several types of speech acts found. Based on the action objectives of the speaker's perspective, Locutionary act, Illocution act, and perlocutionary act are found. Locutionary speech acts include news, questions and orders. Illocutionary speech acts include assertive, directive, expressive, commissive and declarative illocution

scholarly journals Information psychological war as discursive practice on the pages of fiction

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Ada Alexandrovna Bernatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Criticism ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of the article is to outline the specifics of the discourse of information psychological war on the material of fiction.As a result of consistent interpretation of the key concepts as the basis of the linguo-philosophical aspect of the study, it is concluded that information psychological war as a socio-and linguo-cultural phenomenon responds to all the features and categories of discourse. The object of this research consists in the implementation of the information psychological war subtype, the dominant attribute of which is the material / object of study (a combination of aesthetic function with a number of social ones) and the content heterogeneity of the text as a condition for the potential realization of any discourses in it. The author raises an is sue about the scientific and ethical pro and contra of the research of fiction from the information psychological war perspective. The conclusion is made about the necessity of introducing the factor of “degree” of confrontation / struggle and, accordingly, the study of the fiction for the individual symptoms / features of information psychological war.The conditions and criteria for their establishment in specific practices are formulated.The article presents the targets of information psychological war in the discursive practices studied earlier by the author.In conclusion, the criteria for the selection of fiction texts in the aspect of information psychological war and the criteria for distinguishing information psychological war symptoms from social criticism are summarized.

REQUESTING SPEECH ACT OF UTTERANCES IN OCEAN’S ELEVEN BY STEVEN SODERBERGH: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Nurul Hasanah ◽  
Japen Sarage
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
The Real ◽  
Syntactic Form ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Actual Use

The term sentence and utterance are made different in terms that the former refers to syntactic structure, while the latter points out the actual function of such a structure in real communication. The same things apply to the terms request and requesting. The first term suggests the structural characteristics of sentence asking people to do something while the second term indicates the real sentence causing people to do something. The first deals with formal grammar while the second deals with pragmatics the actual use of language in communication.This article attempts to see requesting in its possible different syntactic forms as parts of speech acts in Ocean’sEleven by Steven Soderbergh. A pragmatic approach is applied since it uses context as a part of linguistic analysis involving the speaker, addressee, time, location, and genre in the conversation. A syntactic form of a sentence only cannot represent the real meaning of intention.The analysis of speech act of the conversation in the film brings us to an understanding that pragmatics encourage us to comprehend different kinds of setting to achieve requesting as a part of language use. Pragmatics as a branch of linguistics reveals mutual understanding between the speaker and the hearer.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hunter H. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Social Effects ◽  
New Order ◽  
General Thesis ◽  
Contagious Disease ◽  
Latin Epic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Do So ◽  
Res Publica

The Introduction offers an overview of the book’s contents as well as a statement of the book’s general thesis: representations of plague in Latin epic play critical roles in diagnosing and rehabilitating a civic body wracked by discordia. They do so partly by staging a conflict between the concerns of the individual and the interests of the collective res publica. Lucretius, Ovid, and Vergil innovate within the tradition of plague writing by introducing new symptoms and social effects of contagious disease, and by emphasizing the expurgating properties of plague. Such properties allow these poets to weigh the possibility of an entirely new order against the likelihood that any civic body will bear traces of old pathologies.

Asymmetrical Conversations

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Claudia Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Mitchell Green

According to Mitchell Green, speech act theory traditionally idealizes away from crucial aspects of conversational contexts, including those in which the speaker’s social position affects the possibility of her performing certain speech acts. In recent times, asymmetries in communicative situations have become a lively object of study for linguists, philosophers of language and moral philosophers: several scholars view hate speech itself in terms of speech acts, namely acts of subordination (acts establishing or reinforcing unfair hierarchies). The aim of this paper is to address one of the main objections to accounts of hate speech in terms of illocutionary speech acts, that is the Authority Problem. While the social role of the speaker is the focus of several approaches (Langton 2018a, 2018b; Maitra 2012; Kukla 2014; Green 2014, 2017a, 2017b), the social role of the audience has too often been neglected. The author will show that not only must the speaker have a certain kind of standing or social position in order to perform speech acts of subordination, but also the audience must typically have a certain kind of standing or social position in order to either license or object to the speaker’s authority, and her acts of subordination.

V. Party Politics in the New Japanese Diet

1948 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Williams
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Steering Committee ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
New Order ◽  
Popular Government ◽  
Political Factions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal Procedures ◽  
Japanese Diet

Internal Procedures. Unschooled in the history and theory of Occidental parliamentarism, the old political factions, with new names, naturally try to adapt the new order of things in the Diet to the normal Japanese pattern. Their modus operandi during the first and second sessions—by way of adjusting to the Diet as the “highest organ of state power”—is an eventful chapter in the development of popular government in Japan.Basic is the fact that political parties manage the Diet: every action is a party action, every vote a party vote, every decision a party decision. The individual member stands for nothing. Bills and resolutions, motions of any kind, speeches, interpellations, filibustering, even heckling and rowdyism, in committee and House sessions—all are products of political parties.The primary agency through which political parties collectively manipulate the Diet is an entirely new piece of legislative machinery, the “Steering Committee,” one of 21 standing committees in each House.

Markov-modulated traffic with nearly complete decomposability characteristics and associated fluid queueing models

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1144-1185
Author(s):  
Kimon P. Kontovasilis ◽  
Nikolas M. Mitrou
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Queueing Systems ◽  
Queuing Models ◽  
Aggregation Techniques ◽  
Phase Perturbation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Markov Modulated ◽  
The Individual

This paper considers fluid queuing models of Markov-modulated traffic that, due to large differences in the time-scales of events, possess structural characteristics that yield a nearly completely decomposable (NCD) state-space. Extension of domain decomposition and aggregation techniques that apply to approximating the eigensystem of Markov chains permits the approximate subdivision of the full system to a number of small, independent subsystems (decomposition phase), plus an ‘aggregative' system featuring a state-space that distinguishes only one index per subsystem (aggregation phase). Perturbation analysis reveals that the error incurred by the approximation is of an order of magnitude equal to the weak coupling of the NCD Markov chain. The study in this paper is then extended to the structure of NCD fluid models describing source superposition (multiplexing). It is shown that efficient spectral factorization techniques that arise from the Kronecker sum form of the global matrices can be applied through and combined with the decomposition and aggregation procedures. All structural characteristics and system parameters are expressible in terms of the individual sources multiplexed together, rendering the construction of the global system unnecessary. Finally, besides providing efficient computational algorithms, the work in this paper can be recast as a conceptual framework for the better understanding of queueing systems under the presence of events happening in widely differing time-scales.

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