scholarly journals Sociological Work on Violence: Gender, Theory and Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda McKie
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Gender Theory ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Central Concern ◽  
Holding Power ◽  
Sociological Work ◽  
Analysis Of The Images ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Theoretical Pluralism

The suffering caused by violence is senseless, persistent and demoralizing (Gordimer, 2003). For perpetrators there is the hollowness of holding power over others, a power that illustrates the fragility of their situation (Card, 2002; Mason, 2002). Yet despite the obvious relevance to sociology, violence in everyday and intimate practices has not been a central concern for sociological theory (Hearn, 1998; Ray, 2000). This may reflect the ‘taken for grantedness of violence’, the hierarchical and gendered nature of sociological work, especially on theory, combined with an earlier marginalization of gender, ethnicity and age. In this paper I draw upon the work of Midgley (2003) and her definition of ‘myths’ to offer an over-arching analysis of the images and ideas that surround and imbue sociological work on violence. Highlighting the barriers evident in, and recreated through, the sociological analysis of violence, the paper explores the challenges for sociology. A review of the tendency to atomistic approaches in sociological analysis and explanation reaffirms the need for theoretical pluralism in social sciences on the topic of violence (Eagleton, 2003).

scholarly journals La sociologia di Luciano Cavalli

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Extensive Collection ◽  
Sociological Work

The Faculty of Political Science of Florence – the oldest school of political and social science in Italy, founded in 1875 by Carlo Alfieri and named after his father Cesare – has a tradition of study that is widely recognised, even abroad, to which the cultural project of this series is related. The first book is dedicated to the research activity carried out by Luciano Cavalli and the profound traces that it has left on Italian and European sociology. Now Professor Emeritus, Luciano Cavalli taught and worked at the "Cesare Alfieri" for many years from 1966 on. Around his commitment as a "pioneer" of sociology in Italy he mustered an array of sociologists, active in different universities, many of whom have opened up new frontiers within the discipline and have successfully cultivated a dialogue with the other social sciences, as the contents of the book clearly illustrate. This extensive collection of essays offers a clear image of the fertile sociological work that burgeoned around the scientific commitment of Luciano Cavalli and was often generated by his own action of cultural stimulus. The three sections into which the book is divided – Portrait of an intellectual, The sociology of political phenomena and Sociological theory and social change – address issues of great relevance to the contemporary sociological debate. The rapport between the democratic construction of the modern State and the role and functions of the leadership, the relations between citizens and leaders, the various forms of the democratic institutional structures and the transformations of political culture are interwoven with the Neo-Weberian interpretation of the charisma theory that Cavalli masterfully proposed. Also particularly significant and topical are the critical reflections made by writers whose scientific itinerary has run parallel to that of Cavalli for decisive stretches, and who were and are bound to his teaching when they tackle arguments such as the changes in urban life, immigration and the problems of economic, political and social development in our times.

Islamic Science

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Sirajul Husain
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Empirical Methodology ◽  
Human Inquiry

The term "Islamic science" can be defined as the scientific way of definingand comborating the uniquely monotheistic concept of tuwhfd(unity), a concept that can serve as an epistemological manifold for intellectualinquiry and development. In this context, science is taken as a systematicway of looking at things or, in other words, as both a philosophyof knowledge as well as an empirical methodology. When taken in its entirety,science includes the whole spectrum of human inquiry rangingfrom ontology to epistemology, from causality to cosmology, and fromthe natural and social sciences to technology. It may be noted that beyondan axiomatic application based on a metaphysical definition of tawhid,there has been no scientific attempt to analyze and substantiate thisconcept. This axiomatic application of tawhid, especially when dealing withan analysis of developments in knowledge, raises certain epistemologicalquestions. As it does not scientifically define or discuss the verypremise-tawhid-on which the analysis is being based, this is to be expected.Furthermore, for example, the axiomatic application of tuwhid topurge the corpus of knowledge of its secular elements and then reconstructit within the tawhidi framework cannot be fulfilled, as it is unableto furnish a tawhid-based scientific temperament without first providingscientific combomtion of the concept itself. It is from such an epistemologicalviewpoint that we find the contributions of Muslims to variousfields of leaming tend to be more sentimental than scientific.The need to develop Islamic science also arises from the fact thatmost modem scientists are known to be secular, as they have consciouslyevaded the issue of the existence of a Creator. This is the result of their ...

scholarly journals Has the Credibility of the Social Sciences Been Credibly Destroyed? Reanalyzing the “Many Analysts, One Data Set” Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110244
Author(s):  
Katrin Auspurg ◽  
Josef Brüderl
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Causal Reasoning ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

In 2018, Silberzahn, Uhlmann, Nosek, and colleagues published an article in which 29 teams analyzed the same research question with the same data: Are soccer referees more likely to give red cards to players with dark skin tone than light skin tone? The results obtained by the teams differed extensively. Many concluded from this widely noted exercise that the social sciences are not rigorous enough to provide definitive answers. In this article, we investigate why results diverged so much. We argue that the main reason was an unclear research question: Teams differed in their interpretation of the research question and therefore used diverse research designs and model specifications. We show by reanalyzing the data that with a clear research question, a precise definition of the parameter of interest, and theory-guided causal reasoning, results vary only within a narrow range. The broad conclusion of our reanalysis is that social science research needs to be more precise in its “estimands” to become credible.

scholarly journals Subaltern Debris: Archaeology and Marginalized Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Beatriz Marín-Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patricia Hill Collins ◽  
Definition Of

Archaeologists, like many other scholars in the Social Sciences and Humanities, are particularly concerned with the study of past and present subalterns. Yet the very concept of ‘the subaltern’ is elusive and rarely theorized in archaeological literature, or it is only mentioned in passing. This article engages with the work of Gramsci and Patricia Hill Collins to map a more comprehensive definition of subalternity, and to develop a methodology to chart the different ways in which subalternity is manifested and reproduced.

Moral economy: What’s in a name

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Empty Symbol ◽  
The Social ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Moral Economic

The idea of moral economy has been increasingly popular in the social sciences over the past decade, given a confusing variety of meanings and sometimes invoked as an empty symbol. This paper begins by describing this state of affairs and some of its undesirable corollaries, which include unthinking invocations of the moral and simplistic views of some sorts of economic activity. Then, referring especially to the work of EP Thompson and James C Scott, this paper proposes a more precise definition of moral economy that roots moral economic activity in the mutual obligations that arise when people transact with each other over the course of time. It thus distinguishes between the moral values that are the context of economic activity and those that arise from the activity itself. The solution that the paper proposes to the confused state of ‘moral economy’ can, therefore, be seen as terminological, as the sub-title suggests, but it is intended to have the substantive benefits of a better approach to economic activity and circulation and a more explicit and thoughtful attention to moral value.

scholarly journals Sociology, Ecology and a Global Economy

2011 ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Marchak
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Practices

Summary This paper presents the main approaches and issues of Anglo-canadian sociology of the last forty years, showing their limits and their theoretical inadequacies. It discusses the current practices of sociologists and asks the question: which social dimensions should be taken into account to strenghten sociological theory. It emphasizes the necessity to go beyond the framework of the social sciences to build a proper understanding of humanity and social activity.

scholarly journals The notion and meaning of interdisciplinarity in the studies of art and media

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
Nikola Dedić
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Art History ◽  
Media Theory ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

This text attempts to mark the difference between traditional, modern, monodisciplinary and contemporary interdisciplinary approaches within the analysis of reception of media and artistic contents. Monodisciplinary approaches are connected with the classical basis of humanistic and social sciences which are related to the definition of culture based on opposition between mass and elite culture (art). Avant-garde and linguistic turn within social sciences in the 60s realized re-evaluation of the notion of culture-culture is not seen anymore as a sum of elite products of human spirit but rather as a production of cultural meaning, i.e. as a discourse. This turn enabled interdisciplinary turn within the sciences as aesthetics and art history and also enabled the emergence of contemporary interdisciplinary media theory.

scholarly journals Theoretical Conceptions in Sport Social Sciences

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Symbolic Interactionism ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Sociology Of Sport ◽  
Descriptive Knowledge ◽  
Sociobiological Theory ◽  
Sports Sciences

Theoretical Conceptions in Sport Social SciencesIn the presented study we assume, after Piotr Sztompka that a sociological theory is every set of ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions, abstract notions and general propositions concerning social reality which is to provide with explanation of existing descriptive knowledge about it and orient future research (Sztompka 1985, p. 12). In the discussed theory there have developed hitherto the following orientations: the systemic-functional one, the ethnomethodological one, symbolic interactionism, theory of conflict, socio-historical theory and positivist theory. They have together shaped theoretical conceptions in sociology of sport and — indirectly — in other social physical culture sciences.Interpreting the issue in a prospective way, it can be assumed that in the future there will appear other theories, such as the theory of behaviour, the theory of rational choice, the sociobiological theory, the theory of power, the theory of neo-institutionalism and others.Sociology, however, need not to be the only source of inspiration for sociohumane sports sciences. An equally important role can be played there by philosophy and psychology. Moreover, that thesis can be referred to other humanities, especially to history and pedagogy, as well as to philosophical, sociological and pedagogical versions of theory of physical culture — or to multidisciplinary theories, as e.g. postmodernist and globalist ones.

scholarly journals CULTURE-BASED STUDIES’ TOPOGRAPHY IN THE MODERN FRENCH SOCIAL SCIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
B. E. Nosenok
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Critical Turn ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Cultural studies as a humanities researcher takes the place of an expert. The relevance of this topic is due to the lack of development of the issues of “culture-based studies” in Ukrainian culturology. There is a lack of translated into French or Ukrainian languages of French sources published since 1975. French culturological science, which developed after 1975, is almost not represented in Ukrainian culturology. The present stage of the development of French historiography, which lies at the heart of cultural history, and cultural studies, is associated with increased attention to social knowledge. This stage is characterized by the deployment of a “critical turn”, which proceeds from the following principles: the interdisciplinary approach, the significance of cultural expertise, the severity of publications and the multiplicity of their forms, multidisciplinarity. The “critical turn” affects the following spheres of knowledge: la Culturologie, les Études culturelles, les Sciences de la Culture. The article substantiates the relevance of the use of the concept of “culture-based studies” to the definition of processes that are unfolding within the framework of French humanities and are associated exclusively with the theoretical formations in the context of the social sciences. The purpose of the article is to outline a map of culture-based studies in the field of French humanitaristics. The methodology of the article is based on the application of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches to research in the field of culturology. Also, methodological developments in the field of “critical turn” and the achievements of the sociological circle and the interdisciplinary discussion club “Eranos” were applied. The scientific novelty of the article is to substantiate the appropriateness of the use of the concept of “culture-based studies” on the definition of processes that are unfolding within the framework of French humanitaristics and relate exclusively to theoretical formations in the context of social sciences. This concept to the field of Ukrainian culturology is introduced for the first time. Also, for the first time, the place and forms of culturology in French humanities were clarified. Conclusions. Working with a source base and methodology is one of the points that are compulsory on the way to the solution of the tasks, the main of which is the formation of the body of fundamental works for French history (including the history of culture) and historiography of the period since 1975 year to the present day. On the basis of this building, there is the prospect of building an alternative national cultural history project addressed to the vector of the French historiographical, historical-anthropological and cultural-related issues in the field of social knowledge. The article presents the arguments why it is appropriate to use the concept of “culture-based studies” in the context of conducting research in relation to French humanitaristics, in particular, the modern period of its development.

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