The EU's Racial Equality Directive and the Evolution of Discourse in the Field of the Fight against Discrimination. a Comparison between France, the UK and Spain

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Hamman ◽  
Cécile Frank
Keyword(s):  
Science Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Racial Equality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
French Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
National Models ◽  
The Uk

This paper assesses the extent of the convergence of public policies purporting to combat racial discriminations in Europe by focusing on the cases of France, the UK and Spain. It shows that the influence of ‘national models’ remains powerful even when the implementation of a common policy instrument such as a European directive is at stake - in this instance the Racial Equality Directive of 29 June, 2000. Having outlined the reasons for focusing on this directive, we propose a synthesis of sociological and political science studies on the subject and present our comparative methodological approach in detail. We focus on the language employed to present the discrimination problem in all three countries under study. We first examine the French case and retrace the progressive evolution of the rhetoric used, from an emphasis on the fight against racism to equal opportunities and the promotion of diversity. Having thus observed the medium-term impact of national socio-political dynamics on a European frame of reference for action, we introduce a comparison with Spain and the UK, relying on documents produced by European institutions.

DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PROGRESS FOR KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Zh. Syubebayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Industrial

The purpose of the research is to create a general methodological approach and technology for system-targeted knowledge management and decision-making in the digital economy. The subject of the study is the main properties and patterns of development of the digital economy. Theoretical analysis. This study is devoted to the analysis of the essence of the definition of "digital economy", the study of the main trends of its development and the identification of the features of its formation in Kazakhstan, as well as the definition of the tasks of the development of the digital economy in our country in the medium term. The methodology of the theory of post-industrial and information society is used. The hypothesis is put forward that the digital economy is a new stage in the development of the economy and society.

Meet fractal curves with 1C:MathKit

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
O. M. Korchazhkina
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Fractal Curve ◽  
Iterative Processes ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Geometric Objects ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Mathematics

The article presents a methodological approach to studying iterative processes in the school course of geometry, by the example of constructing a Koch snowflake fractal curve and calculating a few characteristics of it. The interactive creative environment 1C:MathKit is chosen to visualize the method discussed. By performing repetitive constructions and algebraic calculations using ICT tools, students acquire a steady skill of work with geometric objects of various levels of complexity, comprehend the possibilities of mathematical interpretation of iterative processes in practice, and learn how to understand the dialectical unity between finite and infinite parameters of flat geometric figures. When students are getting familiar with such contradictory concepts and categories, that replenishes their experience of worldview comprehension of the subject areas they study through the concept of “big ideas”. The latter allows them to take a fresh look at the processes in the world around. The article is a matter of interest to schoolteachers of computer science and mathematics, as well as university scholars who teach the course “Concepts of modern natural sciences”.

Lessons in Failure

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hardt
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Research Design ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Institutional Memory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Observed Behavior

Chapter 1 introduces the subject of institutional memory of strategic errors, discusses why it matters for international organizations (IOs) that engage in crisis management and reviews the book’s argument, competing explanations and methodological approach. One strategic error in the mandate or planning of an operation can increase the likelihood of casualties on the battlefield. Knowledge of past errors can help prevent future ones. The chapter explores an empirical puzzle; there remain key differences between how one expects IOs to learn and observed behavior. Moreover, scholars have largely treated institutional memory as a given without explaining how it develops. From relevant scholarship, the chapter identifies limitations of three potential explanations. The chapter then introduces a new argument for how IOs develop institutional memory. Subsequent sections describe research design and explain why NATO is selected as the domain of study. Last, the chapter identifies major contributions to literature and describes the book’s structure.

scholarly journals A portrait of Italian ‘Family houses’: diversified heritage in a redefined territorial and demographic context

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Zanfi ◽  
Chiara Merlini ◽  
Viviana Giavarini ◽  
Fabio Manfredini
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Property Values ◽  
Italian Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Demographic Context ◽  
Family House

AbstractThe ‘family house’ has played a major role within the urbanisation processes that have been transforming the Italian landscape since the 1960s. It is a common feature of the widespread settlements that are part of what has been labelled the ‘diffuse city’ and was the subject of numerous studies during the 1990s. More than 20 years later, this paper returns to the topic of the Italian family house using a renewed methodological approach to describe relevant changes. The hypothesis here is that in order to grasp the tensions affecting ‘family houses’ in today’s context of demographic transition and increased imbalances between dynamic and declining areas, and to contemplate their future, the qualitative gaze adopted by scholars in the 1990s must be integrated with other investigative tools, focusing on demographic change, uses, and the property values of buildings. Using this perspective, the paper provides a series of ‘portraits’ rooted in four meaningful territorial contexts, portraits which may help scholars to redefine their imagery associated with family house and be useful for dedicated building policies.

When is positive action not positive action? Exploring the conceptual meaning and implications of the tie-break criterion in the UK Equality Act 2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Johns ◽  
Sara MacBride-Stewart ◽  
Martin Powell ◽  
Alison Green
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Support ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Legal Innovation ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Conceptual Meaning ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the claim that the tie-break criterion introduced under the Equality Act 2010 is not really positive action as is claimed by its government sponsors. It evaluates this claim by locating the tie-break into equal opportunities theory, taking into account merit considerations, and reviews its potential implications. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual discussion of the tie-break. Findings – The paper concludes that the tie-break is not positive action, nor is it positive discrimination. It employs the framework established by Forbes (1991) and attempts to locate it in theoretical discussions of the need to refine merit to take identity characteristics into account. While it could serve to make a more sophisticated approach to merit possible it fails to achieve its implicit potential in this regard. Research limitations/implications – The paper is conceptual and will benefit from empirical support in the future. Practical implications – Practically, the tie-break promises to add some greater clarity to the muddled understanding of equal opportunities and diversity that underpins much policy and legislation. As a result it will arguably prove hard to implement and will carry other associated problems. Social implications – Socially, the tie-break, mis-represented as it currently is, promises to create greater uncertainty around the nature and purposes of equality of opportunity. Consequently, it could exacerbate tensions and hostilities and promote significant resistance to “equality” measures. Originality/value – This paper is an original conceptual piece that will shine a light on an important legal innovation. The tie-break is not what it is described to be and carries both potential and threat for advocates of equality of opportunity. In pursuing socially significant outcomes of this type, conceptual accuracy and transparency are vital, and this paper contributes to this endeavour.

The UK and EMU: Choosing the Regime

2002 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 54-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Fiscal Regimes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Uk

The UK has to make a decision on membership of EMU in the next two years. The monetary and fiscal regimes in the Euro Area and in the UK do not differ greatly. However, we argue that membership of EMU will increase the stability of the economy and the credibility of the policy framework, and hence will enhance the prospects for growth and higher incomes and employment. There appear to be no major problems associated with joining EMU at around 1.50 euros to the pound, although there are risks to the UK if the euro appreciates against the dollar after we have entered. However, the costs associated with this risk have to be offset against the probability of the significant output gains that could come from EMU membership in the medium term.

The Lived Experience of Financialization at the UK Financial Fringe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
LINDSEY APPLEYARD ◽  
CARL PACKMAN ◽  
JORDON LAZELL ◽  
HUSSAN ASLAM
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dramatic Decline ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The financialization of everyday life has received considerable attention since the 2008 global financial crisis. Financialization is thought to have created active financial subjects through the ability to participate in mainstream financial services. While the lived experience of these mainstream financial subjects has been the subject of close scrutiny, the experiences of financial subjects at the financial fringe have been rarely considered. In the UK, for example, the introduction of High-Cost, Short-Term Credit [HCSTC] or payday loan regulation was designed to protect vulnerable people from accessing unaffordable credit. Exploring the impact of HCSTC regulation is important due to the dramatic decline of the high-cost credit market which helped meet essential needs in an era of austerity. As such, the paper examines the impact of the HCSTC regulation on sixty-four financially marginalized individuals in the UK that are unable to access payday loans. First, we identify the range of socioeconomic strategies that individuals employ to manage their finances to create a typology of financial subjectivity at the financial fringe. Second, we demonstrate how the temporal and precarious nature of financial inclusion at the financial fringe adds nuance to existing debates of the everyday lived experience of financialization.

European Union Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margot Horspool ◽  
Matthew Humphreys ◽  
Michael Wells-Greco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
The Eu

Titles in the Core Text series take the reader straight to the heart of the subject, providing focused, concise and reliable guides for students at all levels. The eleventh edition of European Union Law provides a systematic overview of the European institutions and offers thorough, wide-ranging coverage of the key substantive law topics, including separate chapters on competition, discrimination, environmental law and services. It also features a new chapter on the EU and its relationship with third countries, including the UK. Incisive analysis of the governing themes and principles of EU law is consistently delivered, while chapter summaries, critical questions, further reading suggestions and the new ‘Brexit checklist’ feature help to guide the reader through the subject and support further research. Topics covered also include supremacy and direct effect, the European Courts, general principles, free movement of goods and persons and citizenship.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Modelling at the Institute: Hopes, Challenges and a Lasting Contribution

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. R3-R14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Barrell ◽  
Andy Blake ◽  
Garry Young
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Macroeconomic Modelling ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Economic Forecasts ◽  
Modelling And Forecasting

The Institute is a world leader in macroeconomic modelling and forecasting. It has produced quarterly economic forecasts for around sixty years, supported by macroeconomic models. The aim of the original builders of macroeconomic models was to transform understanding of how economies worked and use that knowledge to improve economic policy. In the early years, when computers were rare, macroeconomic modelling was a new frontier and Institute economists were among the first to produce a working model of the UK economy. It is remarkable how quickly models were being used to produce forecasts, assess policy and influence the international macroeconomic research agenda. The models built at the Institute were mainstream in the sense that they followed the contents of standard macroeconomic textbooks, developed with the subject, and fitted the facts as they were known at the time. There were continual improvements in understanding as the subject developed in response to new ideas and developments in the global economy. This article celebrates the development of macroeconomic modelling at the Institute and the contribution it has made to public life.

scholarly journals ICD, Mental Disorder and British Nosologists: An assessment of the uniquely British contribution to psychiatric classification

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Classification ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Systems ◽  
The Way

During several recent international meetings on classification, there have been frequent references to national systems of classification developed and used in Europe, North America and many other countries. The UK has been notably absent from this list. As Professor Kendell, in his brief historical survey of the subject, points out: “British psychiatry does not have, and indeed never has had, any important diagnostic concepts of its own in the way that French, American, and Scandinavian psychiatry still do” (Kendell, 1985).

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