scholarly journals Water supply and water runoff quality in the sub deciduous forest of the Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
Estrella E. Blancas-Díaz ◽  
◽  
Ernesto Castañeda-Hidalgo ◽  
Celerino Robles ◽  
Gerardo Rodríguez-Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Santa Maria

Introduction: Land use change and waste discharge from coffee processing may be affecting quantity and quality of water supplying urban areas in the coastal region of Oaxaca.Objective: To determine the level of contamination of aquifers and estimate surface water runoff in micro-watersheds of Pluma Hidalgo and Santa María Huatulco in Oaxaca, Mexico.Materials and methods: Seven water supply points were analyzed during the rainy season of 2019. The following physicochemical parameters were determined: pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, hardness, total solids, chlorides, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Surface runoff was estimated using the Raws and Prevert methods.Results and discussion. Water bodies are within the permissible limits for human use. The Chacalapilla spring was classified as moderately hard (85 mg CaCO3∙L-1), while the seven water bodies exceeded the permissible limit for COD (40 to 200 mg∙L-1); therefore, water is in a contaminated classification range and is not suitable for human consumption. Surface runoff values suggest a medium conservation condition of vegetation cover; areas with higher cover recorded lower runoff coefficients.Conclusions. The physicochemical parameters indicated that water from Pluma Hidalgo and Santa María Huatulco is suitable for human use, but not for drinking

scholarly journals Tratamento de águas residuais utilizando o bambu como filtro

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (51) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Jaiane Dos Santos Pastor ◽  
Antônio Da Silva Sobrinho Júnior ◽  
Gabrielly Da Mota Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Reuse Water ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Untreated Water

Water is crucial for the survival of living beings, but its scarcity has been one of the biggest problems that humanity has faced. In Brazil, many households still do not have sewage collection and water supply, especially in rural areas, making it necessary to reuse water or even to use untreated water, which is unsuitable for human consumption. Therefore, scholars have developed means of water treatment, however, some methods are expensive, inefficient and can cause pollution to the environment. It is necessary to develop sustainable, accessible and economical treatments. This study exposes a method using bamboo as a filter for the treatment of wastewater from washing for non-potable purposes. The analyzes involve laboratory studies with devices and perception with the naked eye, the results obtained were compared to COEMA Resolution No. 2 of 02/02/2017 and NBR 13969/1997, which determine criteria and standards so that wastewater can be reused for purposes not drinkable or released into water bodies, in this study it was be shown that bamboo can be an alternative filter for wastewater treatment.

Методика гидравлического расчета инновационных конструкций системы отвода поверхностных сточных вод

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
L. Vereshchagina ◽  
A. Ten ◽  
G. Gromov ◽  
D. Khudiakova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
The Eu

Представлена методика гидравлического расчета открытых каналов (лотков) системы водоотвода АСО Qmax. Каналы предназначены для сбора и отведения поверхностных (дождевых, талых и поливомоечных) сточных вод с городских территорий различного функционального назначения: паркингов, складских комплексов, торговых центров, транспортных терминалов, автомагистралей, объектов дорожного сервиса, промышленных зон с интенсивным движением грузового автотранспорта, морских и речных причалов, аэродромов, спортивных объектов, внутриквартальных, парковых и других территорий, где допускается использование открытых систем водостока. Методика разработана специалистами АО МосводоканалНИИпроект с учетом законодательства и нормативнометодических документов Российской Федерации, регламентирующих проектирование систем отведения и очистки поверхностных сточных вод с территории поселений. В основе методики результаты экспериментальных исследований по определению гидравлических характеристик каналов системы водоотвода АСО Qmax, которые являются разновидностью открытых лотковых систем и широко используются в странах ЕС для благоустройства территорий.The method of hydraulic calculation of open canals of the surface runoff drainage system ACO Qmax is presented. The canals are designed to collect and drain surface (rain, snowmelt and street flush water) runoff from urban areas of various functional purposes: parking lots, warehouse complexes, shopping centers, transport terminals, highways, service area facilities, industrial areas with heavy traffic, marine and river terminals, airfields, sports facilities, local park and other areas where the use of open drainage systems is allowed. The method was developed by the experts of MosvodokanalNIIproject JSC taking into account the legislative, regulatory and procedural documents of the Russian Federation governing the design of systems for the removal and treatment of surface runoff from the territory of settlements. The method is based on the results of experimental studies on determining the hydraulic characteristics of canals of the ACO Qmax drainage system that are a sort of open systems and are widely used in the EU countries for land improvements.

scholarly journals STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS RIVER KHAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
H.S. Dwivedi ◽  
Malik Bhawna
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Untreated Sewage

Water quality is closely linked to water use and to the state of economic development. Water pollution occurs when unwanted pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in water bodies and also to the natural biological communities. The present study is to assess the quality of river Khan at Triveni, Ujjain. Khan River flows from Indore via Sanwer it reaches Ujjain and joins Kshipra at Triveni. There are several industries in Indore, which throw their effluents in the river and it receives untreated sewage, drainage, run off from farms from the villages which are situated at the bank of this river. Though Bhangarh treatment plant has been setup at Indore to treat river Khan, only 30% of the river is being treated while rest of the water is untreated. Hence this source has been rendered unsafe for human consumption.

scholarly journals The Calculation of the Pollution Distribution in the Klyazma Reservoir from Diffuse Bank Sources

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Diffuse Pollution ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Diffuse Flow ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

In recent decades, anthropogenic pressure in the industrial and agricultural sectors has decreased markedly in catchments. However, there was no noticeable improvement in the water quality of water bodies. One of the main reasons for this situation is the lack of a strategy to reduce the load from the dispersed catchment (diffuse) sources of pollution, including the development of cottage and cottage construction directly on the banks of reservoirs, In contrast to point sources of pollution, there are no regulatory and methodological documents for the calculation of diffuse pollution. Diffuse pollution has become a major source of pollution for many water bodies. The risk of diffuse contamination is especially great in a period of intense surface runoff, i.e. rainfall floods and river floods. Ignoring this factor, the Russian water legislation in recent years has sharply «softened» the regulations of economic activity in water protection zones (WPZ) and sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of water bodies, including sources of drinking water supply. The article describes a method of mathematical modeling of calculating the diffuse flow from the coastal section of the Klyazma reservoir – one of the sources of water supply in Moscow. This method also makes it possible to determine the boundaries of the water intake zones of water treatment plants. It is necessary to estimate the power of surface runoff under different weather conditions and the transformation of pollution during the spread of pollutants downstream. The developed method can be used to calculate diffuse pollution for other water bodies

scholarly journals Changes in Water Quality of the River das Antas as It Passes through Rural and Urban Areas

Urban Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Valdemir Antoneli ◽  
Manuel Pulido-Fernández ◽  
João Anésio Bednarz ◽  
Leonardo Brandes ◽  
Michael Vrahnakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
The City

The catchment area of River das Antas (Irati, Paraná, Brazil) is of high importance both for human consumption and irrigation. Within Irati, this river passes through a rural area and through the city of Irati, crossing both poor and rich neighbourhoods. We selected three study areas downstream (a rural area, poor community, and rich neighbourhood) in which we measured turbidity, the concentration of sediments and pH during rainy days. Our results showed downstream trends of increasing turbidity and concentrations of sediments with decreasing pH. The values of turbidity and of concentration of sediments were significantly different in the rural area, while the pH values were significantly different between the three study areas. These findings highlight the effect of agricultural activities in the generation of sediments and turbidity. The—presumably expected—effects of organic urban waste from the poor neighbourhood were also detected in the pH values. We conclude that efforts should be made to ensure that land planning and training/education programmes on sustainable farming practices are undertaken by the authorities to reduce water pollution and its effects on water bodies during rainfall events, since paving streets is not a feasible option in the short term due to the high costs associated with this measure.

scholarly journals Unsafe “crossover-use” of chloramphenicol in Uganda: importance of a One Health approach in antimicrobial resistance policy and regulatory action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayley D. McCubbin ◽  
John W. Ramatowski ◽  
Esther Buregyeya ◽  
Eleanor Hutchinson ◽  
Harparkash Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Low Income ◽  
One Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Regulatory Action ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Drug Shop ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Use

AbstractSince the introduction of antibiotics into mainstream health care, resistance to these drugs has become a widespread issue that continues to increase worldwide. Policy decisions to mitigate the development of antimicrobial resistance are hampered by the current lack of surveillance data on antibiotic product availability and use in low-income countries. This study collected data on the antibiotics stocked in human (42) and veterinary (21) drug shops in five sub-counties in Luwero district of Uganda. Focus group discussions with drug shop vendors were also employed to explore antibiotic use practices in the community. Focus group participants reported that farmers used human-intended antibiotics for their livestock, and community members obtain animal-intended antibiotics for their own personal human use. Specifically, chloramphenicol products licensed for human use were being administered to Ugandan poultry. Human consumption of chloramphenicol residues through local animal products represents a serious public health concern. By limiting the health sector scope of antimicrobial resistance research to either human or animal antibiotic use, results can falsely inform policy and intervention strategies. Therefore, a One Health approach is required to understand the wider impact of community antibiotic use and improve overall effectiveness of intervention policy and regulatory action.

scholarly journals Estimating surface runoff and groundwater recharge in an urban catchment using a water balance approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 2411-2428
Author(s):  
Robin K. Weatherl ◽  
Maria J. Henao Salgado ◽  
Maximilian Ramgraber ◽  
Christian Moeck ◽  
Mario Schirmer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Hydrograph Separation ◽  
Balance Approach

AbstractLand-use changes often have significant impact on the water cycle, including changing groundwater/surface-water interactions, modifying groundwater recharge zones, and increasing risk of contamination. Surface runoff in particular is significantly impacted by land cover. As surface runoff can act as a carrier for contaminants found at the surface, it is important to characterize runoff dynamics in anthropogenic environments. In this study, the relationship between surface runoff and groundwater recharge in urban areas is explored using a top-down water balance approach. Two empirical models were used to estimate runoff: (1) an updated, advanced method based on curve number, followed by (2) bivariate hydrograph separation. Modifications were added to each method in an attempt to better capture continuous soil-moisture processes and explicitly account for runoff from impervious surfaces. Differences between the resulting runoff estimates shed light on the complexity of the rainfall–runoff relationship, and highlight the importance of understanding soil-moisture dynamics and their control on hydro(geo)logical responses. These results were then used as input in a water balance to calculate groundwater recharge. Two approaches were used to assess the accuracy of these groundwater balance estimates: (1) comparison to calculations of groundwater recharge using the calibrated conceptual HBV Light model, and (2) comparison to groundwater recharge estimates from physically similar catchments in Switzerland that are found in the literature. In all cases, recharge is estimated at approximately 40–45% of annual precipitation. These conditions were found to closely echo those results from Swiss catchments of similar characteristics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document