Sino-Russia Strategic Partnership: The Case Study of Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilateral Organization

Since the dissolutionof Soviet Union, theUS and its Western allies have dominated the globalaffairs through numerous political and economic organizations. In the same token China and Russia have established close ties after the termination of Cold War to attain regional security so that to minimize the US penetration in the Central Asian region.Inthis article,the area of Central Asia has been taken as a case studyto demonstrate the China-Russia partnership through a multilateral organization;specifically the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Thisarticle discussesthe theoretical underpinnings of the Soft Balancing in the SCO. It furtherelaboratesthe Sino-Russian cooperation through SCO in terms of balancing the US preponderance. This paperevaluateshistoricalcompetition amongGreat Powersin Central Asian region,and furtherelaborates onthe formation of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization1. While this article argues that the main focusof SCO was strengthening regional security issues, fight against terrorism, ethnic separatism and religious extremism. Howeverit also aimed to counter the US influencein the region through multilateral organization.

scholarly journals Competition of world powers in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Anna Sergeevna Iuniushkina ◽  
Tat'yana Ivanovna Pon'ka ◽  
Kristina Alekseevna Shapovalova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

This article explores the role of Central Asia in modern conditions, which significantly increases in geopolitical and geoeconomic aspect. Attention is given to the general security challenges of Central Asian countries, as this region requires the coordination of efforts of the leading global actors, as well as Central Asian countries themselves. Security issues associated with vulnerability of Central Asian countries to natural disasters and emergency situations that may occur as a result of territorial disputes, ethnic violence, drug trafficking, and terrorism prevention, fight against extremism underline the need for multilateral cooperation aimed at solution of general problems. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which changed the world political map, the newly formed Central Asian countries gave acquired statehood on the international arena. Namely during this difficult period, the Central Asian countries were forced to choose their own development path. Russia and China, to certain extent, have confirmed their presence in the region by creating the economic and military integration institutions with participation of Central Asian countries. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the analysis of interaction between China and Russia in the post-Soviet Central Asia, their role in ensuring regional stability and economic growth. The article also examines the importance of studying the role of the United States and the European Union in Central Asia.

scholarly journals The Expanding Role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization in the Context of Inter-Regional Integration between Central Asia and South Asia: Prospects and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Uzma Siraj ◽  
Sartaj
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Attractive Option

This paper analyzes the role of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) as an effective instrument for regional security, cooperation and integration between Central and South Asia. It has the capacity to counter both traditional and non-traditional security threats. The presence of both Central Asian and South Asian states as members actually complement each other. As both face similar security issue i.e. terrorism. Energy Security of both regions is the biggest complementary factor and have bright prospects of cooperation under SCO. Moreover, the presence of China and Russia, two major regional powers having aspiration for regional integration makes it an attractive option for carrying out the regional stability and deeper integration. The role of SCO seems to be expanding in the wake of this regional integration, where cooperation between China and Russia have a spillover effect on the whole region further strengthening through cooperation in security, energy and other economic and trade matters.

Sino-Russian Strategic Partnership

2015 ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Cagri Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Western World ◽  
Economic Base ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Rise Of China

The colossal economic transformations and political intrusions had been affecting brutally China and the Soviet Union in the final decades of the twentieth century. Currently, Russia is a gigantic power struggling to rebuild its economic base in an era of globalization. On the other hand, the economic rise of China has attracted a great deal of attention and labeled as a success story by the Western world. China and Russia have made a number of efforts to strengthen bilateral ties and improve cooperation on a number of economic/political/diplomatic fronts. Since the mid-1990s, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) has been an important feature of Eurasian politics and a vehicle to forge a new sort of cooperation between China and Russia. A number of issues related to geopolitics, security, the economy, and regional politics have been handled by the SCO member states.

scholarly journals Regional Politics in Economic Perspective: A Case Study of Shanghai Cooperation Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Neelofar Ihsan ◽  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Hina Malik
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Islamic Fundamentalism ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Us

This modern world cannot be encountered alone; therefore, states are preferring to involve in regional blocs. This is the century of trade and commerce. This is the era of economic development. It is due to regionalism in politics that SCO formed in the last decade of the 20th century with the initial name of Shanghai five with the purpose of the economic integration of Central Asian Republics. CARs were facing serious economic depression, and ethnic diversity in these states made the situation worse. Islamic fundamentalism was also posing a challenge to the ruling authorities in this whole region. On the other hand, the US wants to access the energy recourses of Central Asia. Although SCO members have a common interest in the exploitation of energy resources, expansion and improvement of transportation, expansion of trade links will move further towards the formation of a common economic market.

scholarly journals Sino-Russian Relations within the Framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Khayrulla Umarov ◽  
Kimberly Millier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the relationship between Russia and China within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). Originally created to resolve the border issues among the Central Asian countries, Russia, and China, the organization is now focused on ensuring regional security in Central Asia. In the reapproachment of the SCO member countries, a divergence of interests emerged, primarily between Russia and China. This article presents the views of experts and specialists from Russia, China, and the United States regarding the divergence of interests and the perceived influence of the United States in the region.

scholarly journals Regional Integration in Central Asia: Efforts and Results

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargiza Sakmurzaeva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Central Asian Countries

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Central Asian countries have created and joined many regional economic organizations. The aim of this paper is to identify the efforts and obstacles of regional integration and cooperation in Central Asia against the international experience with regional integration in Europe. At present, the governments of Central Asian countries have still not realized the network's function and advantage of regional integration. Since 2000’s integration process in Central Asia conducted by Russia’s initiatives. So regional integration which could include only five Central Asian countries became unreal. This paper examines why today there is no Central Asian Union? In order to analyze the topic were used books written by Dadabayev, Karasar and Kushkumbaev, Dikkaya, papers by Zeyrek, Linn, Erol and Shahin. As the methods of analysis were used comparative method of analysis and historical analysis.

CICA AND ASIAN COOPERATION ORGANIZATIONS (SCO, ASEAN, OIC): COOPERATION POTENTIAL AND PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Murat LAUMULIN ◽  
Svetlana KOZHIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Common Destiny ◽  
Further Development

The article contains an overview of the activities of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), a structure aimed at creating a comprehensive mechanism for developing and reconciling the positions of Asian countries on key security issues. The CICA is a forum that many regional states have joined as permanent participants. Eight countries and five international organizations, including the U.N., currently have an observer status at the CICA, which cooperates with existing regional organizations such as SCO, ASEAN, and OIC in a number of specific areas. The current concept of CICA’s work is aligned with five main spheres: military and political collaboration; the fight against new challenges and threats, including terrorism; drug trafficking; transnational crime and human trafficking; as well as the economic, environmental and human dimensions. Cooperation with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, whose members (including the observer countries) are all also members of the Conference, will be of great importance for the further development of CICA. The presence of both resource-producing countries and large oil and gas importers in the organization creates the preconditions for the formation of an energy block within its framework, which will increase the energy security of its member states. The authors note that the interaction between ASEAN and the CICA can be based on five points required for building a “community of common destiny,” which were set forth by President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping in Jakarta: (1) adhere to the principle of trust and strive for good neighborliness; (2) adhere to the principle of cooperation and mutual benefit; (3) constantly provide mutual assistance; (4) adhere to the principle of “living in perfect harmony”; (5) adhere to the principle of openness and tolerance. The authors note that the problem of Afghanistan can become a point of contact and development of joint approaches and strategies of the CICA and the OIC in the context of international and regional security. The author concludes that the transformation of the CICA into the Organization for Security and Development of Asia, proposed by Kazakhstan, would mean an expansion of the conference format and a turn towards solving new problems. In addition, the urgent task of the CICA at present is the transition to qualitatively new levels of cooperation—preventive diplomacy and conflict prevention.

scholarly journals A QUARTER OF THE CENTURY IS ON THE GUARD OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY AGAINST THE ASYMMETRIC CONFLICTS AND HYBRID WARS (TO THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE COLLECTIVE SECURITY TREATY AND THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE CSTO)

2018 ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Regional Security ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Security Treaty ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Asymmetric Conflicts ◽  
15Th Anniversary ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
Islamic Extremism

In 2017 was the 25th anniversary of the signing of the Collective Security Treaty and the 15 years of the establishment of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). This organization stands on guard for the regional security of Central Asian countries. In addition, countries in the region actively involved in the work of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), which also builds its policy on the position of maintaining security in the Central Asian region. Only the coalition efforts of all interested States can provide an effective counteraction to threats of terrorism, Islamic extremism, separatism, drug trafficking. The organizational-institutional framework the CSTO and the SCO allow to the countries of the region to combat threats of the asymmetric conflicts and hybrid wars. The paper is devoted to the institutional forms, and future prospects, the capabilities and problem points of cooperation in the field of security in the framework of these international organizations.

scholarly journals INDO-US STRATEGIC RELATIONS IN 21ST CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Balwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The Us ◽  
Defence Cooperation ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
Meaningful Role ◽  
New Framework

The disintegration of Soviet Union had positively impacted Indo-US relations in post Cold-War era. The post Cold-War strategic scenario provided a chance to both countries to redefine their bilateral priorities. The US was always keen to improve bilateral relationship with India and therefore India initiated Defence cooperation with the US in changing strategic environment. India’s nuclear explosion [1998] had posed some divergences in Indo-US relationship. India and the US signed strategic partnership in 2000 and therefore the US set-aside its sanctions against India. India signed ‘Next Steps in Strategic Partnership’ [NSSP] with the US in 2004 and both countries started strategic dialogue in 2009. Both the nations signed a ‘New Framework for Defence Relationship’ in 2005 and ‘123 Civil Nuclear Agreement’ in 2008.  India has always supported US’s ‘pivot-aria’ policy and played a meaningful role in counter China strategy. India and the US renewed their ‘New Framework for Defence Relationship’ in 2015 and signed ‘Logistic Support Agreement’ in 2016. Indo-US strategic relations were touched new heights when the Obama administration had declared India as a major Defence partner in 2016. The new US President Trump also showed its softness towards India and called Indian Prime Minister Modi as a ‘True Friend of US’. The decline of US-Pakistan strategic relations has positively affected Indo-US relations. The Pakistan factor has always affected Indo-US relations. The US administration considers that India would play a meaningful role in counter China planning. The study explores the raison d’être of Indo-US strategic partnership. The present paper intends to look into the Indo-US strategic cooperation and points out the improvement in Indo-US strategic relations in 21st century.

scholarly journals India and the United States: The Contours of an Asian Partnership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ladwig ◽  
Anit Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Past Behavior

This special issue of Asia Policy scrutinizes the Indo-U.S. strategic partnership byexamining the prospects for bilateral cooperation in Asia. Although peacetimeforeign policy collaboration between major powers is a rarity, China’s rapid rise inthe international system appears to have forced the United States and India intounprecedentedly close consultation on regional security issues. Will this consultationmature into active cooperation? To answer this question, this introductory essay firstexamines the concept of strategic partnerships—a nebulous type of politicalrelationship that have proliferated since the end of the Cold War. It then highlightsthe obstacles to peacetime cooperation between major powers in other regions of the world. Following this, attention turns to the articles in this special issue whichexamine the history of Indo-U.S. cooperation in various sub-regions of Asia.Collectively, these pieces challenge misperceptions and misunderstandings of eachcountry’s policies and past behavior, as well as identify the differing understandingsof both the bilateral relationship and the region held by each party. Taken together,these articles provide a clearer sense of the geopolitical scope and depth, as well asthe important limitations, of the Indo-U.S. strategic partnership. The articleconcludes by identifying the key insights that come from this collection and offerssome thoughts the overall trajectory of U.S.-India relations.

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