scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL AS A PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT IN BROILER FINISHER RATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
S.A.O. DADA ◽  
L. A. ATANDA ◽  
B. E. ALABI
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

Ninety finisher broiler birds averaging 586.06g and 28-days old were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments in which multipurpose tree (MPT) - Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) replaced soybean meal (SBM) at levels of 0.00, 5.25 and 10.50% for a period of 42 days using performance characteristics and economy of production as assessment criteria Birds fed the 0% LLM (diet Aland 10.50% LLM (diet C) consumed more (P .05) feed than the birds fed 5.25% LLM (diet B). Average daily weight gain (ADG) of birds fed diet A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than ADG of birds fed diet C and birds fed diet B recorded the least (P<0.05) ADG. However, the efficiency of feed utilization were similar (P>0.05) among birds fed the three diets. The cost of feed intake per live weight gained of birds fed 5.25%. LLM inclusion was higher than the value obtained for birds fed the control diet by 1.65% but birds fed 10.5% LLM inclusion recorded a 4.56% reduction value over birds fed (control) diet A. 

scholarly journals Performance, carcass, organs, haematology and serum biochemical indices of rabbits fed graded levels of mulberry leaf meal in replacement of soybean meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
R. Olajide ◽  
A. W. Garus-Alaka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Mulberry Leaf ◽  
Dietary Treatments

This study examined the nutritional value of Mulberry leaf meal (MLM) as substitute for soybean meal (SBM) at graded levels. Forty cross-bred young rabbits of mixed sexes used for the study were purchased from a reputable farm in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. The animals were balanced for the initial weight and randomly allocated to five experimental dietary treatments of 8 rabbits per treatment. There were 4 replicates of 2 rabbits per replicate. The rabbits were provided with pelletized experimental diets and clean water ad libitum for 2 weeks pre-experimental period and thereafter for 8 weeks during which data were collected. Five (5) diets containing 0 (0.00% MLM, control), 25 (1.25% MLM), 50 (2.50% MLM), 75 (3.75% MLM) and 100% (5.00% MLM) as replacement for SBM were formulated and contained ME ranging from 2617 – 2661 kcal/kg and crude protein ranging from 15.01 – 16.00%. The average daily weight gain (8.71 g/R/d) obtained in control was similar to 8.03 g/R/d (25.00% MLM), and both significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to 6.75 g/R/d (50.00% MLM), 6.73 g/R/d (75.00% MLM) and 5.98 g/R/d (100.00% MLM). The average daily feed intake (60.08 g/R/d) obtained in animals fed the control diet reduced (P < 0.05) to 53.44 g/R/d (25.00% MLM), 53.44 g/R/d (50.00% MLM), 55.36 g/R/d (75.00% MLM) and 51.52g/R/d (100.00% MLM) respectively. Cost of feed per kg live weight gain were ? 471.39 (0.00% MLM), ? 396.80 (25.00% MLM), ? 459.52 (50.00% MLM), ? 454.67 (75.00% MLM), and ? 473.24 (100.00% MLM). The percentage dressed weight, head, feet, shoulder, loin, thigh and fore legs were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. The highest dressed weight (55.12%) was obtained in rabbits fed 0.00% MLM-based diet compared with 45.51, 46.32, 50.28 and 44.88% respectively in animals fed 25.00, 50.00, 75.00 and 100.00% MLM. All the organs (heart, lung, kidney and stomach) except the liver were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the dietary treatments. All haematological (haemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cell and red blood cell); and serum (glucose and total protein) metabolites except albumin investigated were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. It was concluded that MLM can economically replace 75% SBM (5%) in growing rabbits' diets; but 25% (1.25%) level of substitution was the cheapest and most economical level with no deleterious effects on carcass and health status of the animals.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with cassava/brewers dried yeast blend (Cassayeast) on performance of broiler chicks and feed cost in southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
B. M. Oruwari ◽  
A. O. Anibo ◽  
D. M. Nkanta
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Total Replacement ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Cost

A feeding trial using 240, day old Anak broiler chicks was conducted in which cassava meal (CM) completely replaced maize in the control diet (A) to formulate five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Dried CM blended with brewers dried yeast (BDY) formed cassayeast with 2.704 parts of CM to 1 part of BDY. The (Cassayeast) CM and BDY blend in the dietary treatments, (B,C,D and E) were 30 CM + 11.1% BDY, 35 CM +12.94% BDY, 40 CM + 14.79% BDY, and 45 CM + 16.64% BDY, respectively, and these treatments had no maize. Dietary treatment A, containing maize, which served as the control had no cassayeast inclusion, thus demonstrating the total replacement of maize by cassayeast in the other dietary treatments. Results showed that significant of maize difference (P<0.5) were observed in the control and at in one cassayeast treatment in feed intake (4.43 as against 4.22kg), body weight (1.94 as against 1.65kg), efficiency of feed utilization (feed: gain ratio 2.19 as against 2.51; gain: feed ratio 0.49 as against 0.43), respectively. However, gizzard weights were not significant. Economic analysis showed that the cost of producing a bird with the maize based diet (A) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that with the cassayeast diets but there was not difference among the cassayeast diets (B-E). The maize based diet was most expensive (₦ 29.68 per kg diet) while diet C was the cheapest (₦ 25.57 per kg). The study demonstrated that the use of cassaveast has a place in the broiler industry, thus indicating that with proper protein balancing, cassava can completely replace maize in broiler diets.

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize with graded levels of sweet potato vine – cassava composite meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and economics of production of weaned rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
D. T. Shaahu ◽  
S. M. Tiough
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Potato Vine ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Sweet Potato Vine

The study was carried out to determine the feed value of replacing maize with graded levels of sweet potato vine – cassava composite meal (SPV-CCM) to rabbits. Five treatment diets were formulated to contain SPV-CCM inclusion levels of 0% (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Thirty weaned rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes were used for the experiment. They were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments with one rabbit as a replicate in a completely randomized design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Parameters measured were that of growth, digestibility, carcass and economics of production. The result showed that there was no significant (P>0.05) difference effect on final weight, total weight gain, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio across the dietary treatments. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference on crude protein digestibility, crude fibre and ether extract which were within the required values for rabbit. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference on live weight at slaughter, dressing percentage, heart, liver, kidney, lungs/trachea, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, caecum, large intestine and visceral fat, there was however, a significant (P<0.05) difference in dressed weight, pancreases, spleen and kidney fat. A high cost of feeding, cost per kilogram diet and production was recorded in T and low cost of feeding, cost per kilogram diet and production in T . The result showed that 1 5 maize could be replaced by SPV-CCM up to 100% without any adverse effect on their performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics. However, the optimum performance was observed when 75% SPV-CCM replaced maize in the diet. Replacement of maize with SPV-CCM has relative cost advantage over the control diet and so should be incorporated in the diet of rabbit up to the level considered in this study. 

scholarly journals Performance characteristics and cost benefit of feeding weaner rabbits cashew nut residue based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
F.A.O. Akinnusi ◽  
A.M. Bamgbose ◽  
A.B. Ogunola ◽  
A.A. Alade
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 42-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the performance characteristics and cost benefit of feeding weaner rabbits cashew nut residue (CNR) based diets. Three dietary treatments containing: 0.10 and 20% CNR at the expense of maize on a weight for weight basis were used. Eighteen weaner rabbits (mixed breeds and sexes) were randomly divided into three groups of six rabbits each in a completely randomized design (CRD). The average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not significantly influenced (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments. But rabbits fed 10% CNR based diet had the highest values for average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake while rabbits fed the control diet (0% CNR) had the least value for feed conversion ratio. No mortality was recorded for all the dietary treatments. The feed cost/kg diet (₦), feed cost/kg live weight gain (₦/kg) and cost of feed consumed/day (₦) decreased steadily with increasing level of cashew nut residue meal. The saving on feed cost (%) was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the dietary treatments, but increased across the groups. However, the saving on feed to produce 1kg live weight was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the CNR based diets. Rabbits fed 10% CNR based diet had the highest value of 9.66% than their counterparts fed other diets. It is concluded that cashew nut residue could be incorporated into rabbit diet at 10% without compromising the performance

scholarly journals TREATMENT EFFECT OF LEUCAENA LEAF MEAL ON THE CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBITS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
B. A . AWOSANYA ◽  
M. A. AKINYODE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
The Tropics

A total of forty five white rabbit weaners were fed for 8 weeks on a control diet and four other diets containing 20% Leucaena leucocephala leaves that have been subjected to sun drying, ensilage, heat treatment or soaking in water. The rabbits fed the diet containing ensilled leucaena leaves had the least feed intake, daily weight gain and in general performed worse than rabbits on any other diet in most of the parameters evaluated. The rabbits fed the heat treated leaf meal diet ranked next to those fed the control diet which performed best in most of the parameters evaluated. The rabbits fed the diet containing sun dried leaves experienced alopecia. In general, the results obtained indicate that heat treated leucaena leaves could serve as a dry season feed ingredient for rabbits in the tropics. 

scholarly journals Performance And Serum Metabolites Of Grower Pigs Fed Groundnut Cake, Extruded Soyabean Meal And Cottonseed Cake-Based Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
A. O. MAFIMIDIWO ◽  
A. O. FANIMO ◽  
C. F. I. ONWUKA ◽  
O. O. TEWE
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Cottonseed Cake ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The study assessed the effect on performance and serum metabolites of ninety grower pigs fed extruded full-fat soyabean meal (ESBM) and cottonseed cake (CSC) as partial (-50%) and whole (100%) replacement  for groundnut cake (GNC) in practical-type  diets over 12 weeks feeding period. Ninety Large White X Landrace pigs average initial live weight of 30.50+1.4kg were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and each treatment had three replicates The diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. The ESBM in the diets showed an  improvement in average daily weight gain and eed conversion. Diet in which there was 50%replacement of GNC with ESBM gave the best  result (P<0.05). However, general trend showed a numerical increase with levels of ESBM and CSC in the diets. Serum albumin  and cholesterol levels were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by inclusion of extruded full-fat soyabean meal, and CSC while serum creatinine level was increased.

scholarly journals Growth performance, nutrient intake and digestibility of goats fed melon husk and palm oil slurry at 30% inclusion level

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
K. A. Sanwo ◽  
S. O. Iposu ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
A. O. Fanimo ◽  
S. S. Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 126-day study was conducted to determine growth, nutrient intake and digestibility of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats fed melon husk (MH) and palm oil slurry (POS) as replacement for maize offal at 30% in concentrate diets. Sixteen goats weighing 6.5 – 7.Okg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments at 4 replicates of each. Dietary treatments included control (Diet 1): 0% MH 0% POS; Diet 2: 30% MH 0% POS; Diet 3: 0% MH 30% POS; and Diet 4: 30% MH 30% POS; supplemented with Panicum maximum (grass). Data collected were statistically analysed and results showed that animals on control Diet (Diet I) had the highest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 31.57g/day, and a corresponding highest (P<0.05) feed intake of 365. 97g/day and best feed conversion ratio of 11.59. Animals fed Diet 3 had lowest (P<0.05) average daily weight gain of 19.42g/day, with corresponding lowest (P<0.05) dy matter intake of 334.94g/day and poor feed conversion ratio of 17.24, respectively. Variations in dry matter, organic matter and crude fibre (CF) intake were significant (P<0.05). Crude protein (CP) intake decreased progressively from diet 1 to 4, but not significantly (P >0.05). CF intake was highest in diet 4 (124.6g) and lowest in diet 1(64.72g). Ether extract (52.80g), Ash (21.48g), Neutral detergent fibre (222.88g), and lignin (60.64g) were highest in diet 4. Dry matter digestibility was highest in animals on diet 2 (86.31%) and lowest in those on diet 4 (72.28%). It was evident that goats could be fed MH and POS at the inclusion levels adopted in this study except at 30% POS inclusion level at which growth was poorest.  

scholarly journals MANFAAT DAUN LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala DALAM PAKAN AYAM PEDAGING DIUKUR DARI PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
J S Mandey ◽  
N. J. Kumajas ◽  
J. R Leke ◽  
M. N Regar
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Finisher Diets

PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED THE LAMTORO (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA) LEAF MEAL IN THE DIETS. The utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal (LLM) in broiler diets was investigated employing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels substituted to the based diet (control). In this experiment, 100 birds were randomly allocated into five groups of treatments. Each treatment was repeated into four replications with five birds per each replication. The five dietary treatments were allotted to the birds in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed experimental finisher diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Effect of LLM inclusion up 20% on feed intake (g),  live weight gain (g) and feed conversion did not differ significantly  (P ˃ 0.05).  It may be inferred from these experiments that LLM  up to 20% can safely be substituted to broiler based diet.Keywords: Lamtoro leaf, broiler, performance

scholarly journals Potentials of Bio Fermented Rice Husk Meal as a Replacement to Brewer’s Dried Grain in Finisher Broiler’s Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
J. N. Ikpe ◽  
E. C. Oko ◽  
I. C. Vining-Ogu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
The Cost

Generation of rice husk waste is currently increasing in Nigeria leading to piles of heaps of the rice husk around the rice mills. Production cost for broilers has risen tremendously due to high cost of feed ingredients one of which is Brewer&rsquo;s Dried Grain (BDG). Rice husk has been identified as a feed stuff but it contains high fibre and is abrasive which hindered its utilization as feed ingredient in broiler production. This research was then, conducted to determine the effect of replacing BDG with bio fermented rice husk in finisher broiler&rsquo;s diet. Four treatment diets were formulated. T1 (control) contained 15% BDG while in T2, T3 and T4 bio fermented rice husk meal replaced BDG at 33.33%, 66.67% and 100% respectively. The diets were assigned to 120 broilers of 28 days old in a complete randomized design of 10 broilers each replicated 3 times. The performance of the broilers was observed for 28 days. The broilers were slaughtered to obtain the carcass and organ characteristics. The daily weight gain was similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the groups while feed intake was highest for T4 group and no mortality was recorded. The percentage live weight of all the carcass and organ characteristics were similar (P &gt; 0.05) among the treatment groups except the breast muscle which reduced for broilers on the test ingredient. The cost of producing the treatment diets was highest for control diet while cost of feeding broilers to a kilogram weight was least for the control group. The research concluded that though the fermented rice husk had a potential to substitute BDG in the diet of finisher broilers, there was an indication of high production cost.

scholarly journals Performance of weaned male rabbits fed varied levels of dietary fumonisin B1

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
E. O Ewuola ◽  
F. A Gbore ◽  
J. T Ogunlade ◽  
G. N Egbunike
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

In a six-week feeding trial, a total of 48 crossbred weaned male rabbits of 7 weeks old were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, with 12 replicates per treatment to determine growth indices and nutrient digestibility of rabbits fed fumonisin-contaminated diets. Maize grains contaminated with fumonisin B1 were incorporated into rabbit diets excluding the control diet (treatment 1, 0.13mgKg-1), at varied inclusion levels of 5.0mgKg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 fumonisin B1, constituting treatments 2, 3 and 4 respectively. The results showed that the average final live weight of rabbits fed treatments 3 and 4 were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed treatment 2 and the control. The average daily dry matter intake of the animals fed the dietary treatments was not significantly different. The mean daily weight gain of rabbits fed 5.0mgkg-1, 7.5mgKg-1 and 10.0mgKg-1 however declined significantly (P<0.05) by 91.23, 83.92 and 81.88% respectively, relative to the mean daily weight gain of 12.31g/rabbit/day of animals fed the control diet. The result further showed that digestibility of the nutrients of the experimental diets except crude protein, were similar among the treatments. The crude protein digestibility of rabbits fed 7.5mgKg-1and 10.0mgKg-1 were identical but significantly (P<0.05) lower than those fed 5.0mgKg-1 and the control diet. This suggests inhibition of nitrogen utilization and depressed performance in the animals fed diets containing ≥ 5.0mg fumonisin B1/Kg. Diets containing up to 7.5 mg fumonisin B1/Kg will depress live weight and daily weight gain as a result of reduced protein utilization in weaned rabbits.  

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