scholarly journals GRAIN REPLACEMENT VALUE OF CASSAVA AND SWEET POTATOES IN RATIONS FOR GROWING LAMBS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
O. O TEWE ◽  
A. O. AKINSOYINŲ ◽  
E. M. OGISI
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
West African ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

27 LAMBS made up of 24 West African Dwarf (WAD)X Yankasa crosses aged 6 to 7 months old of 11 to 14kg weight and 3 WAD wether sheep, about 3 years old and weighing 34 to 39kg were used in this experiment designed to evaluate the maize replacement value of sweet potato and cassava tubers in sheep diet through energy and protein utilization. Each of the wether sheep carried permanent rumen cannula. The results showed that the maize, sweet potato and cassava based concentrates fed as supplement to grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) improved the digestibilities of crude fibre, crude protein, organic matter, NFE and N-balance. The treatment effect was significant (P<0.05) with the highest coefficients and N-retention values recorded for Animals fed sweet potato based concentrate. The ruminal VFA's production, ammonia and blood urea levels followed the same trend for all the three energy sources but the treatment effect was not significant. All the parameters so obtained on energy and protein utilization, however, indicated that the dried milled sweet potato and cassava tubers can successfully replace maize grains in sheep diet.

scholarly journals Proximate composition of Malaysian local sweet potatoes

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
N.A. Zulkifli ◽  
M.Z.M. Nor ◽  
F.N. Omar ◽  
A. Sulaiman ◽  
M.N. Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
By Products ◽  
Different Parts

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is one of the main crops worldwide. However, systematic properties characterization of this crop is still required, particularly on the Malaysian local sweet potatoes. Hence, this study aims to determine the proximate composition and the energy value of five common varieties of local sweet potato (Anggun 1, Anggun 2, Anggun 3, White, and VitAto) in Malaysia. For each variety, three different parts of the tuberous root which were the skin, the cortex, and the mixture of cambium and parenchyma were characterized. The findings indicated that VitAto exhibited the highest starch (16.95% – 17.17%) and crude protein (0.86% – 1.15%) contents in all parts as compared to other varieties, hence reflecting its potentials to be further processed for a mass starch production. Among all the parts, the skin contained the highest crude protein, crude fat, ash and crude fibre, which can be further utilized to produce by-products such as animal feed. The findings in this study serve as a baseline for the future starch and byproducts production from local sweet potatoes.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

scholarly journals Nutrient composition and functional properties: Suitability of flour of sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas) for incorporation into food production

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-908
Author(s):  
G.R. Nipuni Nayanathara Waidyarathna ◽  
Sagarika Ekanayake
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Composite Flour ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Sweet potatoes are effortlessly grown and high yielding food crop. However, these are considered as underutilized produce with limited incorporation into food industry. Hence the objectives of this study were to determine the nutrient composition and functional properties of twelve (12) sweet potato varieties available in Sri Lanka to study the potential to be incorporated into food production. The varieties analysed were Ama, Dhawala, Wariyapola White, Wariyapola Red, Shanthi, Hordi Malee, CARI 09, CARI 273, Ranabima, Gannoruwa White, Chithra and Makandura Purple. Determination of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat, dietary fiber (soluble/insoluble), carbohydrates and functional properties were by standard methods. Ash, crude fat and crude protein contents comprised less than 7% (dry matter; DM) with total carbohydrate content varying between 49-80% DM in studied sweet potatoes. Total dietary fiber comprises approximately 8.5% (DM) with the highest proportion being insoluble dietary fiber. Functional properties resulted a swelling capacity of 15-27 mL with high oil absorption capacity (120-220%), emulsion activity (42-48%) and stability (above 35%), and bulking density (0.62-0.95 g/cc) with least gelation concentration of 18-30%. The results prove the ability of the studied sweet potato flours to be incorporated in composite flour mixtures and novel food products.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Weaning Food from Blends of Sorghum, Mung Beans and Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
H. T. Olaleye ◽  
T. O. Oresanya ◽  
E. O. Temituro
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Weaning Food ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Flour Blends ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato

Prevalence of Malnutrition continues to be a plague ravaging children all over the world especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. Development of inexpensive, nutritious and readily available foods can mitigate against the challenges of malnutrition. Objective: To investigate the effect of different formulations of sorghum, mung beans and orange fleshed sweet potato flour blends on the proximate, functional, pasting properties and the sensory attributes of the weaning food blends. Methodology: Weaning foods were formulated from Sorghum grains (S), Mung beans (M) and (O) Orange fleshed sweet potato in ratios 40:45:15, 40:30:30, 25:35:45, 25:45:30 and 55:30:15 respectively. The blends of the weaning food were analyzed for the proximate, functional, pasting properties and sensory evaluation using standard methods. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test p<0.05. Results: The proximate analysis of the blends had moisture content (8.15-9.58%), crude fat (1.47-2.76%), crude protein (14.00-18.04%), crude fibre (0.34-0.82%), total ash (1.86-2.52%) and carbohydrate (68.02-73.62%). Functional analysis: Bulk density 0.55-0.65 (g/cm3), swelling power (4.64-7.13%), solubility index (4.00-16.50%), water absorption capacity 1.58 (g/gcm3). Pasting: Peak viscosity: (87-214), Break-down viscosity (64-142), Trough viscosity (16-72), Final viscosity (50-175), Set back (28-103), Peak time (4.4.6 min), Pasting temperature (70.83°C). Blend S:M:O- 40:30:30 was rated most acceptable for all the parameters accessed. Conclusion: The blends of the weaning food showed that it can be a good source of carbohydrate, crude protein, minerals with low bulkiness and good reconstitution properties which can be used to solve malnutrition challenges in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Improving the feed Utilization of Cassava Peels in smallholder goat production

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
O.A Fasae ◽  
H.B Adegoke ◽  
K.O. Ogunmekan ◽  
I.F. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
West African ◽  
Palm Kernel Cake ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Cassava Peels

Cassava peels at 25, 50 and 100% were supplemented with varying levels of palm kernel cake with a basal diet of Pennisetum purpereum in an experiment designed to measure its nutritive values and effect on the growth and biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats under stall feeding conditions. Goats on 100% cassava peels (CPL) recorded the least dry matter intake (DMI). The supplementation of CPL with PKC significantly increased (P<0.05) the DMI for goats on 25 and 50% CPL with those on 50% CPL having the highest DM. The dry matter, crude protein and crude fibre of goats on 50% CPL were most digested (P<0.05) while those on 100% CPL were the least. The lower intake and digestibility of dry matter and crude protein by goats on 100% CPL reflected a significantly (P<0.05) low body weight change (0.55kg) compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between the values for all the blood parameters monitored in the study as all fell within the normal range for goats. It was concluded that cassava peels can have a great potential for goat feeding as its feeding value can be improved by supplementing with a protein source, such as palm kernel cake.

scholarly journals Effects of processed jackfruit seed based diet on nutrient intake, digestibility and nutrition in West African dwarf goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 204-212
Author(s):  
G. D. Eyoh ◽  
M. D. Udoh
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
West African ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dwarf Goats

In spite of the major role of providing meat and dairy products amongst other attributes, low animal protein intake still remains a nutritional challenge. Against this background, the effect of processed jackfruit seed meal (JFSM) as a source of protein on nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance by West African dwarf goats was investigated. The seeds were processed as raw, soaked and toasted with 5% JFSM in each processing method incorporate in feed and designated as diets B, C and D, while diet A devoid of JFSM served as the control. Four animals were randomly assigned to the diets in a 4x4 Latin square design experiment. The goats were each housed in a metabolic cage. Data was collected on nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. Significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in nitrogen intake (g/d), nitrogen absorbed (g/d) and nitrogen balance (g/d); 7.37, 7.45, 7.40, 7.55g/d, 3.05, 3.15, 3.23, 3.40g/d and 3.66, 3.75, 3.83, 4.02g/d respectively. Similarly, apparent digestibility coefficient also showed significant difference (P<0.05) in crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and energy. Metabolic faecal nitrogen (MFN) (g-1100gDM) values were 1.38, 0.93, 0.38 and 1.75 for diets A, B, C and D respectively while digestible crude protein (DCP) g-1d-1Wkg 0.75 values were 2.13, 5.39, 2.00 and 2.45 for diets A, B, C and D respectively. This shows that the diet enhanced nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization, thus promoting positive nitrogen balance and maintenance in goats.     Malgré le rôle majeur de fournir de viande et de produits laitiers, entre autres attributs, la faible consommation de protéines animales reste un défi nutritionnel. Dans ce contexte, l'effet de la farine de graines de jacquier transformée en tant que source de protéines sur les nutriments consumés, la digestibilité et le bilan azoté des chèvres naines d'Afrique de l'Ouest a été étudié. Les graines ont été traitées comme crues, trempées et grillées avec 5% de la farine de graines de jacquier transformée dans chaque méthode de traitement, incorporées dans les aliments pour animaux et désignées sous le nom de régimes B, C et D, tandis que le régime A dépourvu de la farine de graines de jacquier transformée a servi de témoin. Quatre animaux ont été assignés au hasard aux régimes dans une expérience de conception en carré latin 4x4. Les chèvres étaient logées chacune dans une cage métabolique. Des données ont été recueillies sur l'apport en éléments nutritifs, la digestibilité et le bilan azoté. Des différences significatives (P <0.05) ont été observées dans l'apport d'azote (g / j), l'azote absorbé (g / j) et le bilan azoté (g / j) ; 7.37, 7.45, 7.40, 7.55 g / j, 3.05, 3.15, 3.23, 3.40 g / j et 3.66, 3.75, 3.83, 4.02 g / j respectivement. De même, le coefficient de digestibilité apparente a également montré une différence significative (P <0.05) dans les protéines brutes, les fibres brutes, l'extrait d'éther et l'énergie. Les valeurs d'azote fécal métabolique (NPF) (g-1100gDM) étaient respectivement de 1.38, 0.93, 0.38 et 1.75 pour les régimes A, B, C et D, tandis que les valeurs de protéine brute digestible (DCP) étaient g-1d-1Wkg 0.75 de 2.13, 5.39, 2.00 et 2.45 pour les régimes A, B, C et D respectivement. Cela montre que le régime a amélioré l'apport en nutriments, la digestibilité et l'utilisation de l'azote, favorisant ainsi l'équilibre et le maintien positifs de l'azote chez les chèvres.

Carcass quality of West African dwarf goats fed shea butter nut meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
S. K. Ayandiran ◽  
M. A. Adedokun ◽  
S. M. Odeyinka
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
West African ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study evaluated the carcass quality of West African (WAD) goats fed shea butter nut meal (SBNM). In the sixteen-week nutrition trial, twenty WAD goats aged 5 - 7 months were allotted to five treatments in a completely randomized design. Four concentrate diets were compounded with the inclusion of SBNM at 0, 25, 50 and 100% graded levels. The proximate components of SBNM and the experimental diets were determined. At the end of the feedingtrial, two goats were randomly selected for slaughtering from each treatment to estimate the carcass quality. The proximate components of SBNM consist of 86.56% dry matter, 12.47% crude protein, 1.01%% crude fibre, 28.95%, 0.09% ash and 55.96% nitrogen free extract. The DM content of all the experimental diets was relatively similar in this study. The CP value of 100%SBNM was highest followed by 0%SBNM, 25%SBNM and 50%SBNM. The CF of 25%SBNM diet was higher than the other diets while the EE values were similar across all the diets. There were no significant differences among the mean of the carcass qualities of WAD goats. It could be concluded from this study that inclusion of SBNM in the diet of WAD had no deleterious effect on carcass qualities.

scholarly journals Acceptability and digestibility of ensiled mixtures of corncobs, cassava peels and brewers' grain by West African Dwarf goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
G. A. Ibhaze ◽  
O. J. Babayemi ◽  
O. A. Olorunnisomo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
West African ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
West African Dwarf Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Cassava Peels ◽  
Dwarf Goats

A total of twelve West African Dwarf goats of an average liveweight of 9.5 ± 0.5 kg in a completely randomized design were allocated to three dietary treatments to determine the intake, acceptability and digestibility of ensiled mixtures of corncobs (CC), cassava peels (CSP) and brewers' grain (WBG). The ensiled dietary treatments were: CC/CSP, CC/WBG and CC/CSP/WB. The goats were offered the diets in a cafeteria system for the evaluation of their preferences. The Results show that the combination of corncobs with brewers' grain recorded the highest crude protein (22.06%) and least crude fibre (18.11%) values. Although, the Coefficient of Preference (CoP) was not up to unity, the highest acceptability value (0.93) was obtained for CC/CSP/WB. Significant differences were observed in dry matter intake among the treatments with goat fed diet CC/WBG having the highest value (247.49g/hd/d). Dry matter and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were significantly (p<0.05) different among the treatments. However, no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in crude protein digestibility values. The results of this study showed that ensiling CC with CSP or WBG or with the combination of CSP and WBG can enhance the utilization of corncobs as feed for goat.

scholarly journals GRAIN REPLACEMENT VALUE OF CASSAVA AND SWEET POTATO FOR GROWING LAMBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
O. O. Tewe ◽  
A. O. Akinsoyinu ◽  
Y. Suleiman-Oba
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
West African ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Dietary Treatments

TWENTY-FOUR rams of the West African Dwarf X Yankasa crosses, 6 to 7 months old, ranging in liveweight from 11 to 14 kg were randomly alloted to maize, sweet potato and cassava based rations. These rations constituted the concentrates which were fed as supplement to Cynodon nlemfuensis. Three rams from each treatment were slaughtered at the end of 30 day and another set of three rams each were slaughtered on the dietary treatments and other nine, 140 day later Replacement of the conventional maize grains by dried milled cassava and potato tubers in sheep diet did not dentess the growth rate, dressing-out percentages, major cuts, quality of the organs. and the general performances of the animals. Sweet potato based diet however improved the feed per gain estimate, the fats and protein content of the carcass. The highest proportion of lean ment was produced by the animals fed cassava based diet. 

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of nutrient composition and glycaemic indices of nine sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1410-1420
Author(s):  
Galahitiya Ralalage Nipuni Nayanathara Waidyarathna ◽  
Sagarika Ekanayake ◽  
Anoma Chandrasekara
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Total Dietary Fiber

Sweet potatoes are one of the major tuberous roots consumed around the world. The objective of the present study was to determine the nutritional composition, glycaemic indices and glycaemic loads of selected Sri Lankan sweet potato varieties, in order to address the inadequacy of information and the controversial findings on glycaemic indices. Nutrient composition (moisture, ash, digestible carbohydrates, dietary fiber, crude protein and fat) of boiled sweet potatoes, GI and glycaemic loads (GL) of nine varieties were determined using standard methods. Digestible carbohydrate content ranged between 29-88% on dry weight. Ash, crude protein and crude fat contents of the varieties ranged between 3.1-5.0%, 3.0-5.9% and 2.6-5.3% on dry weight basis (DW) respectively. The total dietary fiber content was above 9.5% DW in the studied varieties. Moisture content of boiled sweet potato tubers were 72-81% on fresh weight basis and both the GIs (86-119) and GLs (>20) were high. However, the GL reduced to medium or low when considering an actual edible portion for all the varieties except for two varieties. Sweet potatoes are a good source of highly available carbohydrates which elicit high GIs.

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