scholarly journals Laboratory studies of physico-chemical methods to break emulsions stabilized with surfactant-polymer cocktails

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Nataliya N. Tomchuk ◽  
Ekaterina A. Filatova ◽  
Daria S. Burakova ◽  
Mariam R. Karimova ◽  
Nikolay Yu. Tretyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut

Introduction. Oil field treatment often makes it necessary to combine different methods of well production treatment, taking into account the development regimes and parameters, produced and injected fluids, technical equipment and economic feasibility. The carried-out complex of laboratory tests is aimed at the creation and subsequent destruction of model systems with specified parameters. The list of the considered methods and the temperature regime of the tests are due to the physicochemical parameters and the field specifics. The purpose of this article is to search for an effective method for the primary treatment of well production after SP-flooding — a highly stable oil-water emulsion, additionally stabilized during pumping by means of an ESP. Materials and methods. The laboratory tests helped to develop an optimal mode of creating an artificial emulsion based on oil from BS10-1 reservoir of the Kholmogorsk field in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and a surfactant-polymer cocktail, which simulates well production after SP-flooding. The research tested physicochemical methods of destroying oil-water emulsions, such as their dilution with formation fluids, thermal settling, gravitational separation by centrifugation at RPM = 4000–12000 rpm, introduction of demulsifiers, as well as a combined effect, including all of the above approaches. The tested methods were supplied with the calculated values of the oil phase final water-cut, which allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of the applied approaches to the destruction of model systems. Results. It has been found that not all of the applied approaches provide the extraction of the estimated amount of oil from emulsion systems with varying degrees of dilution by formation fluids. Satisfactory destruction of the emulsion was achieved after 10–20 min of centrifugation at T = 40 °C and RPM within 4000–8000 rpm. The traditional introduction of industrial demulsifiers into the studied systems without additional influences is ineffective. Conclusion. The optimal level of water cut in the oil phase of ≤5% was achieved after diluting the emulsion with formation fluids, with a combined approach to the destruction of the original and diluted emulsion with formation fluids. In addition, the research showed that it is possible to re-use the extracted SP-composition when controlling its physicochemical parameters, taking into account the effect of the introduced additives.

Effect of Shear and Water Cut on Phase Inversion and Droplet Size Distribution in Oil–Water Flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Zhang ◽  
Ramin Dabirian ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Droplet Size Distribution ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Inversion Region ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut

Oil–water dispersed flow occurs commonly in the petroleum industry during the production and transportation of crudes. Phase inversion occurs when the dispersed phase grows into the continuous phase and the continuous phase becomes the dispersed phase caused by changes in the composition, interfacial properties, and other factors. Production equipment, such as pumps and chokes, generates shear in oil–water mixture flow, which has a strong effect on phase inversion phenomena. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of shear intensity and water cut (WC) on the phase inversion region and also the droplet size distribution. A state-of-the-art closed-loop two phase (oil–water) flow facility including a multipass gear pump and a differential dielectric sensor (DDS) is used to identify the phase inversion region. Also, the facility utilizes an in-line droplet size analyzer (a high speed camera), to record real-time videos of oil–water emulsion to determine the droplet size distribution. The experimental data for phase inversion confirm that as shear intensity increases, the phase inversion occurs at relatively higher dispersed phase fractions. Also the data show that oil-in-water emulsion requires larger dispersed phase volumetric fraction for phase inversion as compared with that of water-in-oil emulsion under the same shear intensity conditions. Experiments for droplet size distribution confirm that larger droplets are obtained for the water continuous phase, and increasing the dispersed phase volume fraction leads to the creation of larger droplets.

Oil/Water Emulsions Stabilized by Nanoparticles of Different Wettabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Gavrielatos ◽  
Ramin Dabirian ◽  
Ram S. Mohan ◽  
Ovadia Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Dispersion Phase ◽  
Spherical Silica ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Kinetics Of

A state-of-the-art, portable dispersion characterization rig (P-DCR) is used to investigate the effect of nanoparticles (NP) on oil-water emulsion formation and stabilization. Spherical silica NP of different wettabilities were used to investigate their effect on separation kinetics of solid stabilized emulsions in terms of solid particle concentration, wettability, initial dispersion phase, water-cut, and shearing time. The main findings of the study include the following: NP, even at concentrations as low as 0.005% or 0.01% (by weight), can significantly increase separation time of oil/water emulsions from a few minutes to several hours or even days. The P-DCR is recommended as an effective inline tool to measure emulsion stability in the field.

Understanding ESP Performance Under High Viscous Applications and Emulsion Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Pastre ◽  
Jorge Biazussi ◽  
William Monte Verde ◽  
Antonio Bannwart
Keyword(s):  
High Viscosity ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Field Deployment

Abstract Although being widely used as an artificial lift method for heavy oil field developments, Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) performance in high viscous applications is not fully understood. In order to improve knowledge of pump behavior under such conditions, Equinor has developed stage qualification tests as part of the technical requirements for deploying ESPs in Peregrino Field located offshore Brazil and has funded a series of research efforts to better design and operate the system more efficiently. Qualification tests were made mandatory for every stage type prior to field deployment in Peregrino. It is known that the affinity laws don´t hold true for high viscosity applications. Therefore, extensive qualification tests are required to provide actual stage performance in high viscous applications. Test results are used to optimize ESP system design for each well selecting the most efficient stage type considering specific well application challenges. In addition, the actual pump performance improves accuracy in production allocation algorithms. A better understanding of ESP behavior in viscous fluid application helps improving oil production and allows ESP operation with higher efficiency, increasing system run life. Shear forces inside ESP stages generate emulsion that compromises ESP performance. Lab tests in controlled environments have helped Equinor to gather valuable information about emulsion formation and evaluate ESP performance in conditions similar to field application. Equinor has funded studies to better understand two-phase flow (oil-water) which allowed visualization and investigation of oil drops dynamics inside the impeller. In addition, experimental procedures were proposed to investigate the effective viscosity of emulsion at pump discharge and the phase inversion hysteresis in the transition water-oil and oil-water emulsion. In addition to qualification tests and research performed to better understand system behavior, Equinor has developed and improved procedures to operate ESP systems in high viscous applications with emulsion production during 10 years of operation in Peregrino field. Such conditions also impose challenges to ESP system reliability. Over the years, Equinor has peformed failure analysis to enhance ESP system robustness which, combined with upper completion design, have improved system operation and reliability decreasing operating costs in Peregrino field.

Optimization Design for Oil-Water Separator of Injection-Production Technology in the same Well

2013 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Shu Ren Yang ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Jia Wei Fan ◽  
Cheng Chu Yue Fu
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Water ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Water Separator ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
High Water Cut ◽  
Water Cut

In order to solve the problem of high water cut wells in some oil field in Daqing that it could not get the large-scale application because of the bad separating effect of down hole centrifugal oil-water separator, we optimize the design of multi-cup uniform flux oil-water separator according to the similar separation principle of multi-cup uniform flux gas anchor, and it is obtained to achieve of injection-production technology in the same well which is of high water cut. The design concept of the separator is increasing the number of opening every layer and aperture gradually in subsection from up to down in the design process. The purpose is to get the close intake quantity of every orifice and guarantee the residence time is long enough in the separator, effectively shorten the length of down hole oil-water separator and reduce the production costs and operating costs.

Effects of the Dispersed Phase on Oil/Water Wax Deposition

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengyu Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Yuanxin Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Wax Deposition ◽  
Waxy Crude Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Wax Content ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut

In the study of the foundation of the oil / water wax deposition experiment, the emulsification characteristics of crude oil emulsion with high wax content have gradually become the hot research area. In the current research of emulsification characteristics of oil/water emulsion, the attention has been focused on the study of the effects of water cut, stirring speed, particle size distribution on the viscosity of waxy crude oil emulsion in the experiment, in which heavy oil and simulated oil are adopted as the working fluids. In this study, the emulsion with different water cut and stirred by different speed was prepared under three different temperature conditions, the temperature above the wax appearance temperature (WAT), near the WAT, and below the WAT. The polarization microscope and rotary viscometer were applied to measure the effects of the particle size of the dispersed phase and waxy crystal distribution on the oil/water emulsion viscosity. The results suggest that preparing the temperature for crude oil emulsion with high wax content has an important influence on the emulsion microstructure. This study lays the foundation for further study of oil/water two phase dynamic wax deposition experiments.

The Error Analysis of Water Cut of Crude Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 2551-2554
Author(s):  
Jing Xie ◽  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Yu Lin Wang ◽  
Hui Ling Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut

As a key datum in the petrochemical industry, Water content ratio plays an important role in dehydration, storage selling and petroleum refining. According to the oil well production site, this thesis is based on the oil-water mixture’s density to calculate the water-rate in petroleum, carried on the error analysis to this measuring method, and assessed the scope which this metering equipment is suitable. The wellhead drop back pressure device is effective in monitoring oil wells, to achieve the single well production of display, and when the single well is not working properly, you can discover and resolve problems. The system features are simple structure, easy to carry, stability of Measurement and easy maintenance.

Comparison of Nanoparticle and Surfactant Oil/Water-Emulsion Separation Kinetics

SPE Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (05) ◽  
pp. 2182-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.. Gavrielatos ◽  
R.. Dabirian ◽  
R.. Mohan ◽  
O.. Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Water Separation ◽  
Equal Concentration ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Surveillance Camera ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Emulsion Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Separation Kinetics

Summary Experimental observations, during oil–production operations, regarding the formation of oil/water emulsions stabilized by nanoparticles and surfactants, are presented. Similarities and differences between the two types of emulsions are discussed on the basis of acquired separation profiles, as well as respective fluid interfacial properties. A state–of–the–art portable dispersion–characterization rig (PDCR) was used to run the experiments, and a surveillance camera was deployed to monitor the emulsion separation kinetics. Commercial–grade mineral oil and distilled water were used as the test fluids. Silica nanoparticles of different wettabilities, as well as surfactants with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values, were deployed to investigate commonalities/differences between the surfactant– and nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions under ambient–temperature and –pressure conditions. Separation profiles were analyzed, and similar behaviors between the corresponding surfactant and nanoparticle emulsions were observed for the 25%–water–cut case. For higher water cuts, however, the surfactant–stabilized emulsions were tighter than their nanoparticle counterparts, displaying much lower separation rates. In the most severe cases, the surfactants totally inhibited the oil–creaming process and oil remained trapped in the emulsion for several hours. Multiple emulsions (O/W/O) were observed in certain cases [for hydrophilic nanoparticles and lipophilic surfactants (Span® 80)]. On the basis of the aforementioned experimental observations, the presence of surfactants caused more–severe problems for the oil/water–separation process than did the presence of an equal concentration of nanoparticles. Pendant–drop measurements indicated that the surfactants significantly lowered the interfacial tension (IFT) between the oil and water, whereas the nanoparticles did not. Finally, a literature model was used to predict separation profiles for the oil/water dispersions and evaluated by comparing the predictions with the acquired experimental data. Current research sets the benchmark for more–thorough investigations aimed at providing guidelines for a more efficient operation of separators that handle surfactant– or nanoparticle–stabilized emulsions and a better understanding of the related phenomena.

scholarly journals Study of Influences of Fracture Additives on Stability of Crude Oil Emulsion

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Hongbo Fang ◽  
Mingxia Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Liu ◽  
Weinan Jin ◽  
Xiangyang Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Fracture Fluid ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
The Stability

Background: A hydraulic fracture is a key technology to increase production of the low permeability oil fields. Fracture additives such as gels, friction reducers, pH adjusters and clay stabilizers were injected into the underground. While more than 50% of the fracture fluid remains underground. The residue of fracture fluid comes out with the produced liquid (a mixture of crude oil and water) in the subsequent oil recovery process, which results in a highly stable crude oil-water emulsion. Objective: The stability and stable mechanism of the emulsion with fracture fluid have been experimentally investigated. Materials and Methods: The influences of fracture additives and components of crude oil on the stability of emulsion were investigated by bottle test and microscopic examination. The interfacial tension and modulus of dilation were explored by a spinning drop interfacial tension meter and an interface expansion rheometer, respectively. Results: The fracture additives played the key role on the emulsion stability. On one hand, the interface energy of oil-water was reduced by friction reducer (IFT was decreased from 24.0 mN/m to 1.9 mN/m), which was a favor for the formation of an emulsion. On the other hand, the dilational modulus of crude oil-water film was increased by hydroxypropyl guar and pH adjuster (Na2CO3) to form a viscoelastic film, which resulted in a highly stable emulsion. Conclusion: The residual fracture fluid accompanied by produced liquid resulted in a highly stable emulsion. The emulsion with fracture additives was difficult to be broken, which may affect the normal production of the oil field. A positive strategy such as developing demulsifier with high efficient should be put onto the schedule.

scholarly journals The artificial simulation of oilwater emulsions to study emulsion settling process with the use of coalescing element

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
E. A. Myakishev ◽  
M. Yu. Tarasov ◽  
S. A. Leontiev
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Preparation Mode ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Turbine Mixer ◽  
Settling Process

The article presents the sequence and results of experimental modeling of artificial oil-water emulsions based on anhydrous oil and water with density and mineralization as close as possible to the real field conditions of the researched deposits. The practical importance of simulation of artificial emulsions was due to the need to work with emulsions of different degrees of water cut, which is possible only by laboratory simulation conditions. We prepared artificial oil-water emulsion using a turbine mixer in a thermostated container. Then we set the emulsion preparation mode: number of revolutions (n1, min –1) and mixing time (t, min). We selected the optimal parameters to create stable artificial oil-water emulsions according to different types of oils.  

scholarly journals DEMULSIFIER SELECTION FOR WATER SEPARATION FROM HEAVY CRUDE OIL EMULSIONS OF IRANIAN OIL FIELD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(73) (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Yazdanmehr ◽  
Iulian Nistor
Keyword(s):  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Emulsion Separation ◽  
Heavy Crude ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Water Cut ◽  
Selection Of

"In this study, various demulsifiers have been chosen for emulsion separation from heavy Iranian oil. The 16 types of water and oil based demulsifiers were tested using the selection procedure. Further, the current study assessed the effect of parameters like concentration, water cut and residence time on demulsification. Water emulsion separation has been found to be improved with selected oil-based demulsifiers. The results show that the oil based demulsifiers with a pH between 7-8 and dosage more than 100 ppm have more dehydration efficiency. The efficiency of water-based demulsifiers is lower than that of oil-based demulsifiers. Using the Qualitec-4 software, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the former was investigated. The results show that the selection of water-based demulsifiers, with pH = 7.76, dose = 100, time = 600, had the best performance. "

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