THE INFLUENCE OF PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ON THE COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

The natural gas compressibility factor indicates the compression and expansion characteristics of natural gas under different conditions. It is a thermodynamic property used to take into account the deviation of the behaviour of real natural gases from that of an ideal gas. Compressibility factor, Z, values of natural gases are necessary for most petroleum gas engineering calculations. In this study, a comparison between five different calculation methods is presented to determine this critical parameter for the same natural gas at different conditions (pressure and temperature), using Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, Azizi, Behbahani and Isazadeh, Dranchuk- Purvis- Robinson, Dranchuk-Abu-Kassem and Standing- Katz methods. The correlations are based on the equation of state are often implicit because they require iteration. Many correlations have been derived to enhance simplicity; however, no correlation has been developed for the entire range of pseudo-reduced pressures and temperatures. Azizi, Behbahani and Isazadeh’s method was found to have the biggest error as a result obtained for T=20° C, and p=20 bar is no longer in the field of applicability.

RE-EVALUATION OF A GAS STORAGE RESERVOIR IN THE MOESIAN PLATFORM USING A MULTI-CRITERIA INTEGRATED ANALYSIS

An integrated approach was used to analyse the quality of a Miocene reservoir in the Moesian Platform, Romania. While this paper goes through all the main components of an integrated study (seismic, petrophysics, reservoir engineering), the main focus was on well data. This research focused on modelling the structure using mainly well data. The reservoir is associated with an alluvial cone structure and a canal system NNW-SSE, with the lithological traps in the southern part [1]. The reservoir pressure and the behaviour during production indicates a gas expansion is the main displacement mechanism, alongside a low influx of water. The results of this paper show that the performance of the reservoir is influenced not only by the available energy (the elastic gas expansion and a low influx of water), but also by the spatial distribution of different facies in relation to the well locations. Gas production started in 1962 and continues to this day. However, the Miocene reservoir was chosen for gas storage (UGS-Underground Gas Storage) due to its relatively large thickness, good porosity and large surface area [2]. The purpose of a reservoir characterisation is to incorporate existing data from petrophysics, geophysics, geological and reservoir engineering, so that the results obtained by the multidisciplinary team can be used to create a reservoir model which will improve economic results.

MODELING AND COMPUTER SIMULATION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM FOR WATER TREATMENT

"Water represents the essence of life on earth, so we must preserve and use responsibly this given resource. For many years, water treatment has been a field of continuous development. At the same time, new materials and techniques are being developed for one of the most important methods in water treatment: Reverse Osmosis (RO). Actual technology in this domain provided us with good know-how to reverse osmosis systems creation, simulation, and validation of the simulation results. Our duty is to bring value to this heritage with new specific cases where the known techniques will be used to create efficient models for water treatment by reverse osmosis. Reverse osmosis is mainly a method for seawater desalination which started to be used more often in industrial applications for water and other product treatment. The focus of this study is to design and simulate a reverse osmosis system with the help of Q+ Projection software v3.1 for a 10 m3/h well water flow by using different types of membranes, in order to select an appropriate membrane which will provide the best parameters for permeate water. Permeate water resulted after reverse osmosis treatment will be used as process water for spirit drinks production. "

DIGITAL OIL FIELD FROM DATA TO REAL - TIME DECISION MAKING -SMART WORKING FOR OPERATIONS EFFICIENCY

Digital Oil Field (DOF) project in OMV Petrom aims to remotely monitor, troubleshoot and optimize operations and maintenance data and activities in a modern manner, and to foster value creation through increased integrated and reliable performance data availability to skilled professionals in order to facilitate the right decisions. DOF Project started as a pilot in an oil field, covering a large area of automated wells and facilities. The pilot field is operating around 400 wells equipped with PCP (progressive cavity pump) and more than 70% automated facilities consisting of: 14 MPSs (Meter Point Skids), 2 PMANs (Production Manifolds) and 1 OMS (Oil Metering Station), all connected to SCADA systems.

DENSITY AND VISCOSITY EQUATION OF BLEND OIL

"Extracted oils and gases have different physical and chemical properties, depending on oil structures. Thus, it is beneficial to create mixtures of oils by combining cheaper crude oils with variants that have better properties (Brent type). This will result, in a reduced cost of acquisition. Mixing crude oil (obtaining blend crude oil) is a process in constant development, so that new ways for improving crude oil properties can be surfaced and to create new ways for transport and storage with lower costs. As an example, by mixing crude oil we can ensure viscosities and freezing conditions for certain transport systems. The aim of this paper is to present the techniques for mixing crude oil, the study of technologies, equipment needed for it and the numerical models for obtaining optimal mixing rates. "

STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF A DOWNHOLE VORTEX JET PUMP

This article analyzes the possibility of increasing the efficiency of using downhole jet pumps by swirling the injected flow. To analyze the peculiarities of the local swirling of injected flow, design and technological parameters in the form of the inclination angle of guiding elements, the diameter of the helical trajectory described by the fluid particles, and the flow rates of the swirling flow are studied. Based on the application of the conservation law of fluid momentum in adjacent jets with a parabolic pressure distribution, equations to determine the pressure characteristic of a jet pump are obtained, taking into account the additional dynamic pressure made by swirling the injected flow. In the process of analyzing the obtained relations, has been set the dependence of the relative pressure growth and the efficiency of the ejection system under the conditions of injected flow swirling on the relative flow rate of a jet pump, and an inversely proportional dependence of the above parameters on its main geometric parameter in the form of the ratio of cross-sectional areas of the mixing chamber and the nozzle.

BIOSIGNALS-BASED AIR TREATMENT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR NEUROVEGETATIVE PATIENTS

The global epidemic of COVID-19 has highlighted a not obvious weakness of the medical system, namely establishing a favorable environment that can also contribute to the recovery process. This has led to many medical complications and the gravity of this situation could be mitigated by simply implementing an automatic system for monitoring and adjusting environmental parameters. The paper highlights how the bio signals sampled by the sensors will be used for the calibration of the heating ventilation air conditioning control system and maintain the optimal parameters both in terms of temperature and humidity, which will prevent the development and transmission of microbes, while the ECG device and the EMG signal amplifier will help with the monitoring of the neurovegetative patients.

RESEARCH CONCERNING THE SIMULATION OF THE OPERATION OF CONVENTIONAL SUCKER ROD PUMPING UNITS

In the paper is presented a method for obtaining the variation during a cinematic cycle of the motor torque at the crankshaft in the case of the conventional sucker rod pumping units. The calculation method has been transposed into a computer program which allows establishing the influence of different constructive and operating parameters of the pumping units on the variation of the motor torque at the crankshaft. Finally, a series of results of the simulations performed in the case of a C-640D-305-120 pumping unit are presented.

STRESSES CALCULATION FOR A VERTICAL STORAGE TANK: MEMBRANE THEORY VS. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The objective of this paper is to calculate the stresses in the cylindrical walls of a vertical storage tank. The stresses state was determined both with membrane theory analysis and with finite element method (FEM), in order to make a comparison between the two methods and thus to validate the numerical method.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON NATURAL GAS MARKETS IN 2020

"A warm start to the year 2020 coupled with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on the Oil and Gas sector across the globe. A great economic shock was felt throughout this period and continued until the end of the year and even during the next year, but the extent of the damage is still uncertain, as is the speed and scale of recovery. Owing to the global lockdowns that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, gas consumption and production plummeted and the prices reached a new record low. As the pandemic started to spread in Europe the gas production went below the 2015-2019 range reflecting the decreasing trend of gas production in EU. In the same period 5 years ago the gas production was 36.6 bcm, more than twice as in Q1 2020, illustrating the rapid decrease in gas production in the block of 27 and the increase in import dependenc in natural gas. This study highlights the effects of COVID-19 on the gas markets based on publications of National Regulatory Authorities, Transmission System Operators, International Energy Agency, one of the world’s most trusted providers of data of global commodities markets and European Energy Exchange. Under the optimistic infection scenario, gas demand will recover close to the non-pandemic level by 2021. Unfortunately, the oversupply situation is improbable to be overcome promptly and in a more pessimistic way there is no visibility for a better business environment before 2023. "