scholarly journals Pathogenetic trial of boric acid in bean and tomato plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Solange Gomes Carneiro ◽  
Euclides Davidson Bueno Romano ◽  
Tiago Henrique dos Santos Garbim ◽  
Bruno Garcia de Oliveira ◽  
Marcus Zulian Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Control Disease

Background: homeopathy is held in organic agriculture as a means to control disease and plagues. However, different from doctors, who have works on materia medica and repertories available to choose the most suitable homeopathic medicine for each patient, agronomists do not yet have an equivalent Homeopathic Materia Medica of Plants (HMMP) describing symptoms observed in plants. Aim: the aim of this study was to carry out a homeopathic pathogenetic trial (HPT) in plants comparing the effects elicited by boric acid in ponderable dose and dilution 6cH in two different plant species, namely bean and tomato cultivars. Methods: 4 tests were carried out, 2 on tomato and 2 on bean plants, which received 1 to 6 applications of treatments. Results: there were differences between both species regarding their sensitiveness to boric acid. None of the tomato plants that received Boron 6cH showed symptoms, differently from bean plants. On the other hand, in tests of ponderable doses of boric acid, tomato plants exhibited 3 symptoms more than bean plants. A higher number of bean plants exhibited symptoms with boric acid in ponderable dose than in dilution 6cH). Nos ensaios com feijoeiro, um maior número de plantas apresentou sintomas após o tratamento com ácido bórico na dose ponderal do que com ácido bórico 6cH. Conclusions: these results suggest that the elaboration of a HMMP must take into account the species in which symptoms were obtained. Moreover, HPTs in plants must be carried out with both ponderable doses and high dilutions in order for differences in sensitiveness among species be better identified.

scholarly journals THE GRASS IS ALWAYS GREENER ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCE: THE FLORA IN URBAN BACKYARDS OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL CLASSES

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIO ANGEOLETTO ◽  
JUAN PEDRO RUIZ SANZ ◽  
RICARDO MASSULO ALBERTIN ◽  
FREDERICO FONSECA DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Endangered Plant ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Flora Diversity

Abstract Home gardens have considerable biodiversity conservation potential. However, these spaces are unplanned, and there is little information about the flora diversity in the backyards of different social classes. The current study has quantified and compared plant diversity in the backyards of two neighborhoods located in the metropolitan region of Maringá - RMM (Paraná, Brazil), namely, Conjunto Triangulo and Zona 02. The diversity patterns were markedly different when the neighborhoods were compared. Therefore the present study has set some planning guidelines aiming at increasing the presence of woody vegetation, as well as at contributing to biodiversity conservation, including the conservation of endangered plant species, in the backyards of the RMM.

scholarly journals Jasmonate and Melatonin Act Synergistically to Potentiate Cold Tolerance in Tomato Plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Ding ◽  
Liming Ren ◽  
Fang Xie ◽  
Meiling Wang ◽  
Shuoxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Cold Condition ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Cold Responses ◽  
Ja Signaling

Both jasmonic acid (JA) and melatonin (MT) have been demonstrated to play positive roles in cold tolerance, however, whether and how they crosstalk in the cold responses in plants remain elusive. Here, we report that JA and MT act synergistically in the cold tolerance in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). It was found that JA and MT were both substantially accumulated in response to cold stress and foliar applications of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and MT promoted cold tolerance as evidenced by increased Fv/Fm, decreased relative electrolyte leakage (EL) and declined H2O2 accumulation in tomato plants. Inhibition of MT biosynthesis attenuated MeJA-induced cold tolerance, while inhibition of JA biosynthesis reduced MT accumulation in tomato plants under cold conditions. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of two MT biosynthetic genes, SlSNAT and SlAMST, were strongly induced by MeJA, whereas suppression of SlMYC2, a master JA signaling regulator, abated the expressions of SlSNAT and SlAMST under cold stress. Additionally, suppression of SlMYC2 reduced MT accumulation, decreased Fv/Fm and increased EL in cold-stressed tomato plants. Interestingly, exogenous MT promoted JA accumulation, while inhibition of MT biosynthesis significantly reduced JA accumulation in tomato plants under the cold condition. Taken together, these results suggest that JA and MT act cooperatively in cold tolerance and form a positive feedback loop, amplifying the cold responses of tomato plants. Our findings might be translated into the development of cold-resistant tomato cultivars by genetically manipulating JA and MT pathways.

scholarly journals Recording plant status and regeneration during single visits

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Walker ◽  
Simon Leach ◽  
Chris Preston ◽  
Thomas Humphrey ◽  
Trevor James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
The Other ◽  
A Site

Information on the origin (status) and regeneration of plant species improves our understanding of native distributions and the establishment of non-native species. However, current categories used to record status in Britain and Ireland, whilst conceptually informative, rely on a knowledge of persistence that is impossible to assess objectively during a single (one-off) recording visit. We propose five alternative categories that focus on origin (how a species arrived at a site) rather than persistence. The first two categories apply to nationally native taxa: (1) populations that are unequivocally native and (2) those that are likely to have been introduced and/or are spreading for reasons that are obscure. The other three categories cover the occurrences of any taxon, native or non-native, that is known or suspected to have been introduced to a site: (3) introductions with unknown/obscure origins; (4) deliberate introductions; and (5) accidental introductions. For the introduced categories 3-5 we recommend that botanists also record signs of regeneration, i.e. seedlings or widely scattered patches, as a more objective measure whether a species is likely to be self-sustaining in a given locality.

scholarly journals Cecidomyiidae (Diptera, Insecta): richness of species and distribution in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Cid Maia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Fauna Composition ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: Most Neotropical species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) have been described from Brazil, but a list of species with occurrence in the country has never been published. Little is known about their distribution and richness in the Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Additionally, a list of host plant species has never been gathered. The present study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provides an overview of this family in Brazil. For this, data were obtained mainly from the literature, but also from the Cecidomyiidae collection of Museu Nacional and two herbaria (RB and R). Based on the site "Flora do Brasil 2020", botanical names were updated and plant species origin and distribution were verified. A total of 265 gall midge species have been recorded in Brazil, most from the Atlantic Forest (183), followed by Cerrado (60), and Amazon Forest (29). The other phytogeographic domains shelter from five to ten species. Phytophagous gall midges occur on 128 plant species of 52 families, almost all native, being 43 endemic to Brazil (21 endemic to Atlantic Forest, five to Cerrado, and one to Amazon). Although, the taxonomical knowledge is focused on the Atlantic Forest, each domain has its own fauna composition and these informations can be useful for environmental conservational purposes. About 58% of the Brazilian fauna are known only from the type-locality. In order to fill these gaps, it is necessary and important to collect in uninvestigated areas.

scholarly journals Number of Candidate Effector Genes in Accessory Genomes Differentiates Pathogenic From Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum Strains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Constantin ◽  
Like Fokkens ◽  
Mara de Sain ◽  
Frank L. W. Takken ◽  
Martijn Rep
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Effector Gene ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Potential Pathogen

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is widely known for causing wilt disease in over 100 different plant species. Endophytic interactions of Fo with plants are much more common, and strains pathogenic on one plant species can even be beneficial endophytes on another species. However, endophytic and beneficial interactions have been much less investigated at the molecular level, and the genetic basis that underlies endophytic versus pathogenic behavior is unknown. To investigate this, 44 Fo strains from non-cultivated Australian soils, grass roots from Spain, and tomato stems from United States were characterized genotypically by whole genome sequencing, and phenotypically by examining their ability to symptomlessly colonize tomato plants and to confer resistance against Fusarium Wilt. Comparison of the genomes of the validated endophytic Fo strains with those of 102 pathogenic strains revealed that both groups have similar genomes sizes, with similar amount of accessory DNA. However, although endophytic strains can harbor homologs of known effector genes, they have typically fewer effector gene candidates and associated non-autonomous transposons (mimps) than pathogenic strains. A pathogenic ‘lifestyle’ is associated with extended effector gene catalogs and a set of “host specific” effectors. No candidate effector genes unique to endophytic strains isolated from the same plant species were found, implying little or no host-specific adaptation. As plant-beneficial interactions were observed to be common for the tested Fo isolates, the propensity for endophytism and the ability to confer biocontrol appears to be a predominant feature of this organism. These findings allow prediction of the lifestyle of a Fo strain based on its genome sequence as a potential pathogen or as a harmless or even beneficial endophyte by determining its effectorome and mimp number.

scholarly journals SPECIES DIVERSITY, UTILIZATION AND CONSERVATION IN HOME GARDENS OF SOME RESIDENTIAL AREAS, COIMBATORE, INDIA.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamuna S ◽  
Subhasree R ◽  
Karthika K ◽  
Paulsamy S ◽  
Thenmozhi K
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Home Garden ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The present study was aimed at documenting species composition, utilization and conservation of plant species growing in home gardens of 10 residential areas of Coimbatore city, India. Household interviews and home garden surveys revealed that all the 109 plant species included in 60 families included have someeconomic uses or with ornamental significance. Higher number of species was herbs followed by shrubs, trees, climbers, succulent herbs, vines and sub-shrubs. The families viz., Asteraceae, Apocynaceae and Acanthaceae contributed higher number of plant species than the other families to the home gardens. Thespecies namely, Celosia cristata, Chrysanthemum odoratum and Ocimum basilicum have registered 50% frequency among the home gardens sampled which indicates that these species have distributed and maintained in comparatively higher number of home gardens. The home garden species are mainly under thecategories of vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, economic important species and medicinal. These results further report revealed that homegardens satisfy various household needs like food, ornamentals, medicines, building material, religious and ceremonial uses.

scholarly journals Influence of Bio Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Parameters of Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Keyword(s):  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Fruit Powder

Tomato is a major food that has many benefits to human health. The risk of getting disorders such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes can be reduced by consuming tomato. The aim of this study is to measure the nutritional properties of tomato plants using various cultivation methods. On the other hand, this is also comparing which type of fertilizer, either chemical fertilizer or natural fertilizer, is producing better results in planting tomato. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) is isolated from the rhizosphere soil using the Pikovskaya medium and Modified Aleksandrow medium. Instead of chemical fertilizer, the efficiency of phosphate solubilize will be evaluated in the presence of eggshells and bones. This study starts with the collection of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for tomato planting. The land of cultivation for planting well estimated for the growth of tomato. For further investigation, the leaves and fruits obtained from the tomato plants will be dried and ground into powder form. The leaf is used for the estimation of chlorophyll. In contrast, the fruit powder is used for the analysis of antioxidant activity. The result showed that the growth and yield parameters of the plant increases with natural fertilizer compare to chemical fertilizer. This can be concluded that natural fertilizers are more preferable in the agriculture industry as they are environmentally friendly, which does not produce side effects in either the soils or the crops.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation as a Prospective Method for Rehabilitation of Areas Contaminated by Long-Term Sewage Sludge Storage: The Greek Experience

2017 ◽  
pp. 836-853
Author(s):  
N. Suchkova ◽  
E. Darakas ◽  
J. Ganoulis ◽  
Y. Vergeles
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

In this work the suitability of several plant species for phytoremediation under natural and artificially installed conditions was studied. Brassica napus, Medicago sativa, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare were grown in pots with sewage sludge from Sindos Main WWTP in Thessaloniki and from Sindos Industrial WWTP in Thessaloniki, Greece. The first series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters for the above mentioned plants and the sludge to those for control samples (the same plants growing in compost). It was shown that shoot growth was less reduced in T. aestivum and H. vulgare than in the other plant species studied. B. napus had lower germination tax, followed by M. sativa with the lowest germination tax. Generally B. napus, giving less biomass production than Z. mays and T. aestivum, is characterised by a higher ability to accumulate heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr, As and Hg. The second series of experiments included comparing measurements of various parameters of B. napus grown in sludge and treated each 7 days with metal solutions of Ni, Zn and Pb containing 10-2mg/l, 10-4mg/l, 10-6mg/l of each metal, to those for control plants treated with double distilled water. Results showed that shoot growth of B. napus were increased at treatments with lower concentrations of metals (10-6 mg/l) and control (treatment with d-distilled water). At the same time uptake of metal ions was increased with the concentration of the solution, i.e. at higher concentrations (10-2 mg/l). It is truly for Pb and Zn, transfer coefficient TC of which (indicates a plant’s potential to concentrate a metal) was quite high 15 % and 7 % correspondingly. It was noticed that B. napus has high ability to accumulate Cr, from the other hand it did not accumulate Ni (at present case).

scholarly journals Phytophthora infestans Mating Types on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in Southern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Segura ◽  
M. de Cara ◽  
M. Santos ◽  
J. Tello
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Mating Type ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Tomato Seeds

During 2004, an unusual spread of Phytophthora infestans on tomato plants in greenhouses located in Almería and Granada provinces, southern Spain, was observed. Infected plants had water-soaked, brown spots on leaves and stems and necrotic areas with white mold on the surface of fruits. Three isolates were obtained by plating diseased tissue on V8 juice agar medium and maintained on rye agar at 18°C. These isolates were analyzed for the mating type. Crosses were carried out using V8 juice agar and rye agar. The two parental isolates US1 (A1) and US8 (A2) were both provided by W. E. Fry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Two of the Spanish isolates were homothallic and the other isolate belonged to the uncommon mating type A1A2. To confirm the occurrence of the two mating types, 43 single-sporangium progeny were produced and analyzed from the A1A2 mating type. Thirty eight isolates were A1, two were A2, one was A1A2 mating type, and two were sterile. Assessment of five single-sporangium progeny from the homothallic type resulted in two A1, two homothallic, and one sterile isolate. A1A2 isolates produced oospores when crossed with either A1 or A2, but not when self-crossed. Previously, the A1A2 mating type has been found in Israel in the field and was obtained from oospores produced on tomato seeds (2,3). Since 2003, mating types of P. infestans isolates recovered from potato (60) and tomato (8) in southern Spain have been characterized. Seventy-five percent of the isolates recovered from potato were A1 and 25% were A2 mating types. Isolates recovered from tomato were 50% A1 and 50% A2 (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of the A1A2 mating type and homothallic P. infestans isolates on tomato in Spain. References: (1) E. Andujar et al. Congr. Sociedad Española de Fitopatol. 12:244, 2004. (2) E. Rubin and Y. Cohen. Phytoparasitica 32:237, 2004. (3) E. Rubin and Y. Cohen. Plant Dis. 90:741, 2006.

Distribution of uranium series radionuclides in upland vegetation of northern Saskatchewan. I. Plant and soil concentrations

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2446-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Sheard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Uranium Series ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Saskatchewan ◽  
Uranium Accumulation ◽  
Lead 210

Levels of lead-210, polonium-210, radium-226, and uranium are reported for 10 plant species (2 conifer, 4 shrub, 3 lichen, and 1 moss species) and soils in northern Saskatchewan. Two localities were studied in each of two regions, one uraniferous, the other not. Nonvascular species showed the highest levels of lead-210, polonium-210, and uranium, and the shrubs, the highest levels of radium-226. The lichen and moss species show no significant difference in accumulation of lead-210 and polonium-210 among regions, reflecting the assumed atmospheric distribution and particulate accumulation of these radionuclides. Seven of eight species for which comparisons could be made showed significant differences in uranium accumulation among regions. High levels in the lichen and moss species suggest that the primary source of uranium in these species is not directly from the soil. In contrast to the other radionuclides, radium-226 only showed significant differences among localities within regions, this being due to high accumulations occurring at one locality in the nonuraniferous region.

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