scholarly journals The problem of dose in homeopaty: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicasted with arsenic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Olney Leite Fontes ◽  
Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte Farhat ◽  
Amarilys Toledo Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Guimarães Lara ◽  
Maria Imaculada Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Living Organisms

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.

scholarly journals The problem of dose in homeopathy: evaluation of the effect of high dilutions of Arsenicum album 30cH on rats intoxicated with arsenic.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Olney Leite Fontes ◽  
Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte Farhat ◽  
Amarilys Toledo Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Guimarães Lara ◽  
Maria Imaculada Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Living Organisms

Background: Although scientific studies have confirmed the action of homeopathic high dilutions in living organisms an endless debate on the choice of the most fitting dilution, the frequency of administration and the dose (amount of medicine) still remains. Aims: This study sought to assess the in vivo effect of 2 different concentrations of Arsenicum album 30cH in order to elucidate some problems in the homeopathic notion of dose. Methods: Male Wistar rats previously intoxicated with sodium arsenate by peritoneal injection were treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution administered by oral route. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed to measure the levels of arsenic retained in the animals as well as the amounts eliminated through urine. Urine samples were collected before and after and during treatment. A positive control group (intoxicated animals) and negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) were administered only the vehicle used to prepare the medicine (ethanol). Results: The groups treated with undiluted Ars 30cH and Ars 30cH in 1% solution eliminated significant amounts of arsenic through urine when compared to the control groups. The group treated with undiluted Ars 30cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the same medicine in 1% solution. Conclusion: These results suggest that undiluted Ars 30cH was more effective than in 1% solution in this experimental model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of different concentrations of Arsenicum album 6cH on intoxicated rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (28) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Olney Leite Fontes ◽  
Fátima Cristiane Lopes Goularte Farhat ◽  
Amarilys Toledo Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Guimarães Lara ◽  
Maria Imaculada Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Aims: Homeopaths diverge on the concept of dose, i.e. the amount of drug that a patient must take to alter his or her state of disease. In order to stimulate reflections on this concept, this study sought to evaluate in vivo the effect of different concentrations of Arsenicum album 6cH prepared according to homeopathic pharmacotechnics. Methods: male Wistar rats were intoxicated with arsenic and then treated with Arsenicum album 6cH and Arsenicum album 6cH diluted at 1%, administered orally. The amount of arsenic retained in the animals’ organism and that eliminated by urine were measured through atomic absorption spectroscopy. Samples of urine were collected before and after intoxication and during treatment. The positive control group (intoxicated animals) and the negative control group (non-intoxicated animals) received only the vehicle used in the preparation of the medicine. Results: Groups treated with Arsenicum album 6cH and Arsenicum album 6cH diluted at 1% eliminated significant amounts of arsenic when compared to the control groups. The group treated with Arsenicum album 6cH eliminated significantly higher amounts of arsenic than the group treated with the diluted medicine at 1%. Conclusion: results suggest that Arsenicum album 6cH should not be diluted as not to compromise its effectiveness in the treatment of rats intoxicated with arsenic.

scholarly journals Potential of Red Spinach Leaves Ethanolic Extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) as a Complementary Therapy For Hiperlipidemia: Study in Vivo of Histopathologic and Activity of Alanin Aminotransferase (ALT)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimas Adhi Pradana ◽  
Irna Destya Anggriani ◽  
Tri Ratna Setyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amaranthus Tricolor ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Spinach Leaves

This study was conducted to determine the potential of ethanolic extract of red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) with control quality as a complementary treatment of hyperlipidemic based on histopathology and activity of alanin aminotrasferase (ALT). A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomized in 6 groups: normal group; positive control group were given the drug simvastatin; negative control group; 1st treatment group was given extract at dose of 400mg/kgBW rat, 2nd group was given extract at dose of 400mg/kgBW rat and simvastatin dose 0.18 mg/kgBW rat; 3rd treatment groups were given extract at dose of 800mg/kgBW rat and simvastatin dose 0.18 mg/kgBW rat. Induction hyperlipidemic using high fat diet and poloxamer. The data obtained were tested normality with the Shapiro-Wilk test. Statistical analysis using Oneway ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD to determine the significance of differences between groups for ALT parameter. Result show the use of ethanolic extract of red spinach leaves can reduce fatty liver condition based on decreased level of ALT and liver histopathologic. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of red spinach leaves dose 400mg/kgBW rat combine with simvastatin can reduce activity of ALT until 31.57 U1-1.

scholarly journals Anti-Oxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Senecio biafrae on CCl4-induced Liver Damage in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Israel Oghenevwodoko Okoro ◽  
◽  
Helen Ejiro Kadiri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: The present study was performed to explore whether the aqueous extract of Senecio biafrae (S. biafrae) roots provide any in vivo protective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 grams) were grouped into five groups (A-E) of six rats each and were treated orally for twelve days with 72 hourly administration of CCl4 (1 mL/kg) as follows: Group A received distilled water only (negative control), Group B was administered distilled water plus CCl4 (positive control), Group C was administered 400 mg/kg extract and CCl4, Group D received 200 mg/extract and CCl4, while Group E was administered standard drug (Silymarin 25mg/kg, PO). Results: Pre-treatment with the extract of S. biafrae (200 or 400mg/kg) or Silymarin (25mg/kg) caused significant restoration in the biomarkers as evaluated by reducing the levels of malondialdehyde, transaminases and elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were altered by CCl4 toxicity. The extract at a dose of 400mg/kg demonstrated similar activities comparable to the standard drug (Silymarin). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the root extract of S. biafrae possesses hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant properties which may be due to the presence of phytochemicals in it.

scholarly journals The Activity of Cainito Leaves Ethanol Extract (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) on Wistar’s Total Erythrocites Induced Cyclophosphamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Heri Puguh Widodo ◽  
Ika Rahmawati Sutejo ◽  
Rini Riyanti
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Test Result

One of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs is cyclophosphamide. However, the use of cyclophosphamide can provide various toxic effects. The most common toxic effect of cyclophosphamide is bone marrow suppression with anemia as one of its markers. The antioxidant content of cainito leaf potentially increase the production of blood cells, especially erythrocytes. The aims of this study is determining the effectiveness of the cainito leaf ethanol extract against cyclophosphamide induced mouse erythrocyte count in vivo. A sample of 20 male wistar rats was divided into five groups; normal group, negative control group, and three groups of ethanol extract of cainito leaf with dose 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW were administered for one week followed by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide with dose 50 mg/kgBW as much as one time. One Way Anova Test result showed a significance of 0.015 (p<0.05). However, the LSD test results showed no significant different results between the negative control group and the treatment group. The conclusion was that there was no difference in the amount of erythrocytes in mice given only cyclophosphamide with previous rats given cainito extract.

Leaf paste of Telfairia occidentalis favourably modulates deleterious effects associated with exposure to diethylnitrosamine in male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon E. Owumi ◽  
Jeremiah O. Olugbami ◽  
Andrew O. Akinnifesi ◽  
Oyeronke A. Odunola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Objectives Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is found in workplaces, processed meats, tobacco smoke, whiskey, etc. It is capable of forming DNA-adducts. Fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis [To]) is a medicinal plant, and its herbal preparations have been employed variously in ethnomedicine. Furthermore, it has been reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the possible mitigating effect of the leaf paste of To on DEN-induced deleterious effects in male Wistar rats. Methods Forty-five rats weighing between 100 and 150 g were equally divided into nine groups and treated thus: Group 1 (negative control), Group 2 (0.05 mg/kg carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC] daily), Group 3 (positive control, 25 mg/kg bw DEN administered intraperitoneally thrice per week), Group 4 (25 mg/kg bw quercetin [QUE] daily alone), Groups 5 and 6 (100 and 200 mg/kg bw To daily, respectively), Group 7 (25 mg/kg bw DEN and QUE), Groups 8 and 9 (25 mg/kg bw DEN with 100 and 200 mg/kg bw To, respectively). Blood glucose levels, liver damage biomarkers (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and gamma-glutamyltransferase [γ-GT]), frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (mPCEs), and liver histology were assessed. Results DEN significantly (p<0.05) increased blood glucose levels, activities of ALT, AST and γ-GT, and frequency of mPCEs. Histologically, DEN caused a severe architectural anarchy. However, the intervention groups demonstrated the remarkable protective properties of To by ameliorating the adverse effects caused by DEN. Conclusions Taken together, the leaf paste of To is capable of mitigating DEN-induced hepatotoxicity and clastogenicity in male Wistar rats.

scholarly journals A combined in vivo and in silico model shows specific predictors of individual trans-generational diabetic programming

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Claudia Eberle ◽  
Christoph Ament
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parental Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Diabetic pregnancies are cleary associated with maternal type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome as well as atherosclerotic diseases in the offspring. The global prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy was estimated as 15.8% of live births to women in 2019, with an upward trend. Numerous parental risk factors as well as trans-generational mechanisms targeting the utero-placental system, leading to diabetes, dysmetabolic and atherosclerotic conditions in the next generation, seem to be involved within this pathophysiological context. To focus on the predictable impact of trans-generational diabetic programming, we studied age- and gender-matched offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. The offspring generation consists of three groups: C57BL/6-J-Ins2 Akita (positive control group), wild-type C57BL/6-J-Ins2 Akita (experimental group), and C57BL/6-J mice (negative control group). We undertook intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests at 3 and 11 weeks of age. Moreover, this in vivo model was complemented by a corresponding in silico model. Although at 3 weeks of age, no significant effects could be observed, we could demonstrate at 11 weeks of age characteristic and significant differences in relation to maternal diabetic imprinting based on the in silico model-based predictors. These predictors allow the generation of a concise classification tree assigning maternal diabetic imprinting correctly in 91% of study cases. Our data show that hyperglycemic in utero milieu contributes to trans-generational diabetic programming leading to impaired glucose tolerance in the offspring of diabetic mothers early on. These observations can be clearly and early distinguished from genetically determined diabetes, for example, type 1 diabetes, in which basal glucose values are significantly raised.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF A STANDARDIZED ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSELLE CALYX IN THE TREATMENT OF ORAL MUCOSA ULCERATION (IN VIVO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Reni Jayantini ◽  
Dewi Fatma Suniarti ◽  
Agoeng T Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Inflammation Score

 Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the topical application of a standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx in the treatment of oral mucous ulceration.Methods: Twelve Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, with oral mucous ulcer being induced in all the rats. The ulcer diameter, reddish color, and the swollen membrane around the ulcer, as well as the inflammation score of the ulcer, were recorded for all animals. The negative control group was treated with aquades, while the positive control group was treated with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide. The treatment group received the topical application of 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx twice a day for 3 or 7 days. On the 4th day, six rats were sacrificed, while the remaining six rats continued to receive treatment as before. On the 8th day, all the rats were sacrificed. Specimens were fixed, and histology slides were made. Further, microscopic slides were observed and scored.Result: Both the 7.5% and 15% standardized ethanol extracts of roselle calyx were found to reduce the ulcer diameter and inflammation score. No swelling or redness was observed.Conclusions: The application of 7.5% standardized ethanol extract of roselle calyx for 7 days is equally as effective as the application of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonides, except in terms of the decrease in the inflammation score.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ◽  
Velmurugan Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Test Dose ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

  Objective: To determine the anti-inflammatory activity of dichloromethane extract of Plumbago zeylanica (DMEPZ), and its possible mechanism of action.Methods: Male Wistar rats (180-200 g) under controlled standard conditions (24±1°C, 55-58 humidity and 12 hrs light/dark cycle). The groups were divided into 5 groups (n=6/group) and assigned as positive control, negative control, and standard and two different test dose groups of P. zeylanica. Paw edema induced by subplantar injection of 0.1 mL of carrageenan (suspended in 1% carboxymethyl cellulose) into the right hind paw in all groups except negative control group. Granuloma induced by cotton pellets (10±1 mg) were implanted into groin region of each rat. The groups were divided into 4 groups (n=6/group) and assigned as possitive control, two different test dose groups of P. zeylanica and standard.Results: Oral administration of DMEPZ shown a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent protection against carrageenan-induced paw edema. At 1st hr, P. zeylanica shown an inhibition effect of edema in the different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were found to be 28.57 and 31.79%, respectively. At 3rd hrs, the paw edema inhibition was found to be 30.70 and 40.15%, respectively. Diclofenac (25 mg/kg) had effect of 34.10 and 41.73% (p<0.001) inhibition of paw edema at in 1 and 3 hrs. P. zeylanica 500 mg/kg showed percentage inhibition of wet and dry cotton pellet granuloma in rats 55.84% and 47.92%, respectively.Conclusion: Thus, the present study revealed that the DMEPZ offered significant protection against inflammation.

scholarly journals Effect of Bio-Oss® Collagen and Collagen Matrix on Bone Formation

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W.K Wong ◽  
A.B.M Rabie
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
New Bone Formation

Objective: to compare the amount of new bone produced by Bio-Oss® Collagen to that produced by collagen matrix in vivo. Method: eighteen bone defects, 5mm by 10mm were created in the parietal bone of 9 New Zealand White rabbits. 6 defects were grafted with Bio-Oss® Collagen. 6 defects were grafted with collagen matrix alone (positive control) and 6 were left empty (negative control). Animals were killed on day 14 and the defects were dissected and prepared for histological assessment. Quantitative analysis of new bone formation was made on 100 sections (50 sections for each group) using image analysis. Results: A total of 339% more new bone was present in defects grafted with Bio-Oss® Collagen than those grafted with collagen matrix (positive control). No bone was formed in the negative control group. Conclusion: Bio-Oss® Collagen has the effect of stimulating new bone formation locally compared with collagen matrix in vivo. Bio-Oss® Collagen may be utilized as a bone graft material.

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