scholarly journals Preliminary study of homeopathic treatment of subclinical mastitis evaluated through somatic cells count (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Zilda Cristiani Gazim ◽  
Orlando Seiko Takemura ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Monteiro da Silva ◽  
Carlos Massambani ◽  
Roberson Eduardo Moraes ◽  
...  

The present paper presents the results of homeopathic treatment of 25 Holstein breed cows aged 3 to 8 years old diagnosed with subclinical mastitis through California Mastitis Test (CMT). Animals were divided into 3 groups according with infection level. A homeopathic complex was developed on the grounds of clinical aspects, including Phosphorus 30x, Phytolacca 30x, Silicea 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x and biotherapic of Staphylococcus aureus 200x. The remedy was added to salt and was administered to cattle 100g/cow/day for 75 days. CMT were carried out every 2 weeks to control incidence and severity of mastitis; somatic cells count (SCC) was performed at the beginning and the end of treatment. CMT showed significant improvement in regression of infection level all throughout the study; final SCC showed decrease in 82% of animals, signaling thus efficacy of the homeopathic treatment. Keywords:  Subclinical mastitis; Dairy cows; Homeopathy; California Mastitis Test, Somatic Cells Count.   Estudo preliminar do tratamento homeopático da mastite subclínica avaliado por contagem de células somáticas (SCC) e California Mastitis Test (CMT) Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados do tratamento homeopático de 25 vacas raça Holstein entre 3 e 8 anos de idade diagnosticadas com mastite subclínica através do California Mastitis Test (CMT). Os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com o nível da infecção. Foi preparado um complexo homeopático com base nos achados clínicos, composto de: Phosphorus 30X, Phytolacca 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Silicea 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x s 30X, Phytolacca 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Silicea 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x e bioterápico de Staphylococcus aureus 200x. O complexo foi acrescentado no sal e administrado na dose de 100g/vaca/dia. O CMT foi realizado a cada 2 semanas a fim de monitorar a incidéncia e gravidade da mastitie; a contagem de células somáticas (SCC) foi realizada ao início e no final do tratamento. Os valores do CMT mostraram melhora significativa no sentido de regressão do nível da infecção ao longo do estudo; o valor final da SCC diminuiu em 82% dos animais, apontando para a eficácia do tratamento homeopático. Palavras-chave:  Mastite subclínica; Vacas leiteiras; Homeopatia; CMT, contagem de células somáticas.   Estudio preliminar del tratamiento homeopático de la mastitis sublínica evaluado mediante recuento de células somáticas (SCC) y California Mastitis Test (CMT) Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados del tratamiento homeopático de 25 vacas raza Holstein entre 3 e 8 años de edad diagnosticadas com mastitis sucblínica mediante California Mastitis Test (CMT). Los animales fueron divididos en 3 grupos según el nível de la infección. Fue compuesto un complejo homeopático con base en la presentación clínica, incluyendo Phosphorus 30X, Phytolacca 30x, Sulphur 30x, Belladona 30x, Bryonia alba 30x, Silicea 30x, Pulsatilla 30x, Calendula 30x y bioterápico de Staphylococcus aureus 200x. El complejo fue agregado en sal y administrado a los animales en la dosis de 100g/vaca/día. CMT fue realizado cada 2 semanas para monitorizar la incidencia y gravedad de la mastitis; recuento de células somáticas (SCC) fue realizado al inicio y al final del tratamiento. CMT mostró mejoría significativa en el sentido de regresión del nivel de la infección a lo largo del estudio; el valor final del SCC disminuyó en 82% de los animales, apuntando para la eficacia del tratamiento homeopático. Palabras-clave:  Mastitis subclínica; Vacas lecheras; Homeopatía; CMT, recuento de células somáticas.   Correspondence author:  Zilda Cristiani Gazim, [email protected] How to cite this article:  Barzon CD, Medeiros F, Moraes RE, Silva LCM, Massambani C, Takemura OS, Gazim ZC. Preliminary study of homeopathic treatment of subclinical mastitis evaluated through somatic cells count and California mastitis test. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(24): 147-151. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/292/364.  

Author(s):  
František Zigo ◽  
Katarína Veszelits Lakticová ◽  
Mária Vargová M

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of bacterial agents causing mastitis, forms of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in 300 ewes on a farm in Eastern Slovakia. Material and methods: During the milking season, were performed three complex investigations including clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and laboratory analysis of milk samples. The investigations and milk samples were taken in three phases; the beginning (April), the middle (June) and the end (September) of the milking season. Results: Of all the samples (806), 225 (28.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens. The highest incidence of mastitis (33.3%) was recorded in September, while April (23.8%) and June (25.3%) had lower incidence. The samples from September showed the highest incidence of subclinical mastitis (20.1%), with 13.2% being an acute form of mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 61.7% of the positive samples. Especially, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. schleiferi were most frequently isolated.  Staphylococcus aureus was the causative agent in 20.0% of the positive samples and caused acute or subclinical mastitis in the affected ewes. The tested bacteria showed very high resistance to novobiocin (59.5%) and penicillin (51.4%) and high resistance to amoxycillin (35.1%). We found that 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria tested for antibiotic resistance were resistant to novobiocin and 70% were resistant to penicillin. Of all tested CNS, 56.5% were resistant to novobiocin, 39.1% to penicillin, and 34.7% to amoxicillin. Conclusion: Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play a significant role in the prevention and control of the intramammary infection. In our study, a combinations of Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics for the control of mastitis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(70)) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
V. Panevnyk ◽  
T. Suprovych

The article shows data on the microbial landscape and quantity of somatic cells milk in different forms of mastitis in cows. Index number of somatic cells (SCC) in the raw milk of cows in the country is only used to establish the quality milk. They are key safety indicators that are directly related to udder cow disease, especially subclinical mastitis. Research has established that the number of SCC in healthy animals ranges from 84000 cells/ml to 436000 cells/ml. Over the course of subclinical turned from 508000 cells/ml to 756000 cells/ml. Animals with clinical form of mastitis were from 876000 cells/ml to 69260000 cells/ml. The 42 cows of the first lactation average SCC was 143000 cells/ml, and 47 of fifth lactation cows – 213000 cells/ml.The microflora in the breast can get in different ways: galactogenous – through teat channel hematogenous ahd lymphogenous ways. The leading role galactogenous way in which the pathogens penetrate from the environment through teat channel. This contributes to the udder skin contamination by microorganisms. Activators of subclinical mastitis were Staphylococcus aureus 31.8% and Streptococcus agalactiae 40.9%. In the clinical course of mastitis major pathogens were Escherichia coli – 34.8% and Staphylococcus aureus – 41.3%. Selected cultures of microorganisms were sensitive to cephalexin, gentamicin, oxacillin, rifampicin, enrofloksacin. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ahmed Reda Belmamoun ◽  
Abdelkader Ammam ◽  
Imene Berrabah ◽  
Karima Bereksi Reguig

The study was conducted to identify and characterize Staphylococcus aureus in raw milk derived from subclinical mastitis in Sidi-Bel-Abbes Algeria. In this paper, we explore the possibility of detection of the coagulase gene (coa), which encodes the coagulase enzyme, by PCR analysis in antibiotic-resistant isolates, with the latex agglutination phenotype and free coagulase.Out of 336 samples of raw milk examined with California mastitis test (CMT) posi-tive; a total of 142 samples were bacteriologically positive with 56.34% Staphylococcus isolates, 21 (26.25%) isolates were confirmed as S.aureus. Nineteen (90.48%) isolates of S.aureus showed free coagulase on the tube agglutination test. Two atypical S.aureus strains (9.52%) were defective for the clumping factor and / or protein A , determined with the Staphytect plus test and the tube coagulase test. The isolates of S.aureus were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline with 76.19%. Two isolates (9.52%) of S.aureus re-sistant to meticillin (MRSA) were detected in this study, with a MIC of ≥4 μg / liter and a cefoxitin screen test with a MIC of ≥8 μg / liter, and 13 (61.9%) isolates were with a multiresistance phenotype. The 21 isolates were sub-jected to PCR amplification of the 3' end of the coa gene, 18 (85.71%) were revealed on a 1% agarose gel with a single band between 547 bp and 875 bp. The use of the PCR genotypic test to identify the profile of the coa gene can be used as an appropriate identification criterion for differentiating coagulases from S.aureus and for understanding their epidemiology.


Author(s):  
Tarik Safak ◽  
Ali Risvanli ◽  
Zulal Ascı-Toraman

Background: Here we investigate whether the composition and some chemical properties of milk can correlate with bacterial species causing subclinical mastitis in cows. Methods: One hundred and eighty cows were used in the study. The California Mastitis Test (CMT) was applied to the selected cows. The cows were divided into four groups: cows with negative CMT (n = 45), the Escherichia coli (n = 45), Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 45) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 45) groups. Result: Milk composition and some chemical properties were measured. The highest fat ratio (5.82±0.34%) was found in the Escherichia coli group (p less than 0.05). The proportions of solid-non-fat (9.67±0.09%), protein (3.51±0.03%), lactose (5.29±05%) and mineral matter (0.75±0.01%) were lowest in the Escherichia coli group (p less than 0.05). The electrical conductivity of milk was lowest in the CMT-negative group (4.23±0.02 mS/cm), while the Streptococcus agalactiae group had the highest value (4.61±0.02 mS/cm) (p less than 0.05). The specific gravity of the Escherichia coli group was lower than the CMT-negative (1,034.91±0.56 kg/m3) and Staphylococcus aureus (1,034.24±0.65 kg/m3) groups (p less than 0.05). Based on our findings, we propose that milk composition and some chemical parameters are altered in subclinical mastitis. However, these could not be standardized according to the responsible bacterial species. We recommend that these parameters are monitored regularly on dairy farms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Diab ◽  
Nermin A. Ibrahim ◽  
Yasser F. Elnaker ◽  
Sherif A. Zidan ◽  
Marwa A. Saad

Background and Aim: Milk is a chief source of many nutrients. However, we must also bear in mind that it is a potential source for many cases of food poisoning. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cow mastitis and evaluate the presence of enterotoxins and antibiotic resistance patterns in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and contact humans in El-Behira Province, Egypt. Materials and Methods: A total of 680 milk samples from 170 cows and 86 human samples consisting of 43 hand swabs and 43 nasal swabs were analyzed. The milk samples were subjected to the California mastitis test. Results: The general occurrence was 23.1% (157/680) where 48 quarters had clinical mastitis and 109 had subclinical mastitis. Subsequently, S. aureus was isolated in Baird-Parker agar where typical and atypical colonies were selected and submitted to coagulase and complementary tests. Out of 48 samples of mastitic milk studied, 16 (33.3%) showed contamination by S. aureus whereas 109 samples of subclinical mastitis showed contamination in only 18 (16.5%). On the opposite hand, of the 86 human samples, 33 revealed S. aureus contamination, corresponding to 38.37% of the samples. Furthermore, multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting nuc and the staphylococcal enterotoxin-encoding genes sea, seb, sec, sed, and see were performed after culture, revealing that 88.2% (30/34) of milk samples and 93.9% (31/33) of human samples were variably positive to those genes. Conclusion: The use of nuc gene based PCR is an accurate and rapid method for S aureus isolates detection. A high prevalence of multiple drug-resistant isolates of S. aureus recovered from both human and milk represents further evidence for possible veterinary hazards as well as public hazards, especially to those that consume milk from this region.


2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1222
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Moraes Peixoto ◽  
Renata de Moraes Peixoto Araújo ◽  
Luciana Jatobá e Silva Peixoto ◽  
Ariel Marques Reges ◽  
Ana Paula Pereira Alves ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to assess two diagnostic techniques (California mastitis test (CMT) and the somatic cell count (SCC)) that can diagnose mastitis in dairy goats. Experimental infection was conducted using 20 mammary glands, a strain of Staphylococcus aureus, an infectious dose of 1.2x108CFU mL-1 and a volume of 1mL per mammary gland. The CMT and the SCC were used to detect subclinical mastitis. Bacterial culture (BC) was performed immediately after milk collection and was used as the gold standard. Four experimental time points were established (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-inoculation). Analysis of the ROC curve confirmed that the best combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a cutoff point of 405.5, 6030.0 and 729.5x103 cells mL-1, respectively at M1, M2 and M3. Furthermore, considering the drop in sensitivity throughout the experimental time points, the use of serial bacterial cultures are recommended, particularly in herds with a high prevalence of S. aureus.


2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Varatanovic ◽  
M. Podzo ◽  
T. Mutevelic ◽  
K. Podzo ◽  
B. Cengic ◽  
...  

We have performed diagnostics of sub clinical mastitis in three different cow breeds with comparison of California mastitis test results, somatic cells count at quarter level and with bacteriological findings confirmation in order to justify their appliance in mastitis diagnostics. In total, 90 cows or 360 quarters of mammary gland have been examined. In 63.3 % of the examined cows, with different racial origin, positive reaction to California mastitis test have been established. Usually, positive reaction have been found in milk of one and two quarters, with reaction intensity of one and two plus. SSC higher than 200.000 in 1 ml is established in 60 % of cases and the most often causes of mastitis were staphylococcae, streptococcae and mixed infections. With continuous use of this methods it is possible to timely detect presence of sub clinical mastitis and so to obtain satisfactory results in prevention and therapy of mastitis, as well as improvement in amount and quality of milk.


Author(s):  
T. Ahmad ◽  
M. Kashif ◽  
E. Ahmad ◽  
M. Nadeem ◽  
M. Rizwan

Mastitis is the most widespread and economically important disease of dairy sector worldwide. The present research was, therefore intended to establish the prevalence of mastitis in and around the Multan district. A total of 100 dairy cows were randomly sampled during the period from July 2018 to October 2018 from different local dairy farms at Multan. After screening with California Mastitis Test, milk samples from mastitic animals were cultured and subjected to microbiological examination.The overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis in cows was 38% and quarter-wise prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 36.20%.. Mastitis in front left quarters was 34.40%, right front quarters 31.60%, while left rare quarters 41% and right rear quarters 38%. Bacteria Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Enterococci, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas were isolated from infected samples. Staphylococcus aureus was the top-ranking isolated bacteria followed by Strept. Agalactiae and E. coli. The lack of proper milking techniques and no teat dipping were the most significantly associated risk factors. In the current study, E. coli isolates were sensitive to Gentamycine, Streptomycin, Chlororamphenicol and Kanamycin while resistant to Vancomycin and Penicillin. Similarly, S. aureus was extremely susceptible to Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin and Kanamycin but resistant to Tetracycline and Penicillin. It was concluded that subclinical mastitis was widely prevalent in Multan city. This study will help the farmers to adopt effective measures to control mastitis regarding the risk factors.


Author(s):  
Asma Ait KAKI ◽  
Salem DJEBALA ◽  
Muhammad Bilal LATIF ◽  
Nassim MOULA

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in milking cows and the effect of farming system on the prevalence of SCM”, as well as the identification of bacterial strains causing the mammary gland infection. A total of 100 dairy cows were randomly selected from 32 farms of Bejaia district (Algeria), precisely the Soummam region: from Tazmalt to El Kseur. The SCM was screened by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples were collected aseptically from (CMT) positive cows and dispatched to laboratory for further microbiological tests. Results showed that the prevalence of SCM was 26%. Moreover, no significant differences in SCM prevalence were observed between intensive and semi intensive systems (P>0.05). The Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most frequent bacterium species associated with SCM in the cows studied.


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