scholarly journals Haplotype analysis and linkage disequilibrium for <i>DGAT1</i>

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Strucken ◽  
S. Rahmatalla ◽  
D.-J. De Koning ◽  
G. A. Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Low Correlation ◽  
Dgat1 Gene

Abstract. This study focused on haplotype effects and linkage disequilibrium (LD) for the K232A locus and the promoter VNTR in the DGAT1 gene. Analyses were carried out in three German Holstein Frisian populations (including 492, 305, and 518 animals) for milk yield, milk fat and protein yield, and milk fat and protein content. We found that effects of the promoter VNTR were not significant and explain only a small amount of the variation of the QTL on BTA14. Haplotype effects were less significant than the K232A locus by itself, but the haplotype containing the A allele of the K232A locus and allele 3 with five repeats of the promoter VNTR showed negative effects on protein content when paternally inherited, whereas the haplotype with the A allele and VNTR allele 2 (with six repeats) increased the protein content. Significant differences between these two haplotypes occurred for protein yield as well, pointing to a linked effect that is picked up by the haplotypes rather than a direct effect of the VNTR. The linkage disequilibrium, estimated by D', showed values between 0.29 and 0.59 which is unexpectedly low for a distance of ~10 kb. Only a very low correlation between the two loci was observed due to the almost similar frequencies of haplotypes containing the A or K allele of the K232A locus.

scholarly journals Schätzung genetischer Parameter für Testtagsergebnisse von Milchleistungsmerkmalen bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
D. Bömkes ◽  
H. Hamann ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Milk Performance

Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimation of genetic parameters for test day records of milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters for milk performance traits of German Improved Fawn by using univariate und multivariate animal models. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records distributed over 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. Milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002. The animals in our analysis were the progeny of 455 sires and 1.148 does. Heritabilities estimated with a multivariate test day model with fixed regression were h2 = 0.19, 0.16 and 0.15 for milk, fat and protein yield. For fat and protein content and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) heritabilities were h2 = 0.17, 0.14 and 0.16, respectively. The additive genetic correlations between milk yield and fat as well as protein yield of German Improved Fawn were very high and positive (rg = 0.84 and rg = 0.77). Milk yield and milk contents were genetically negative correlated with rg = −0.28 for fat and rg = −0.22 for protein content. A moderate additive genetic correlation (rg = 0.48) between fat and protein content was estimated. There were no considerable additive genetic correlations between fat yield and protein content as well as between fat content and protein yield (rg = 0.05 and rg = 0.09). Additive genetic correlations between milk, fat or protein yield and SCS were high and negative, whereas additive genetic correlations between fat or protein content and SCS were low and positive. The genetic parameters estimated from field test records allow to achieve genetic progress in milk performance traits of German Improved Fawn.

scholarly journals Einfluss systematischer Umwelteffekte auf die Milchleistungsmerkmale bei Bunten Deutschen Edelziegen

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
D. Bömkes ◽  
H. Hamann ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Traits

Abstract. Title of the paper: Influence of systematic environmental effects on milk performance traits in German Improved Fawn The objectives of this study were to analyse the influence of fixed effects on milk traits of German Improved Fawn. The analysis was based on 27,778 test day records of 1,848 German Improved Fawn with 3,574 lactation records. The milk records were sampled between 1988 and 2002 from 229 flocks in Lower Saxony, Saxony and Baden-Wuerttemberg. The average daily milk yield was 2.87 ± 1.20 kg with a fat content of 3.08 ± 0.54% and a protein content of 3.38 ± 0.95%. Somatic cell count (SCC) was transformed into somatic cell score (SCS). Mean SCS was 5.49 ± 1.93. The average lactation length was 234.1 ± 76.4 days. The analysis of variance showed a significant influence of lactation number, stage of lactation, year of lambing and month of lambing on all analysed milk production traits. Milk yield was highest in the fourth lactation number and fat as well as protein content in the 7th to 13th lactation number. Litter size had a significant influence on milk and fat yield and on fat and protein content. The region significantly influenced protein yield and fat and protein content of German Improved Fawn but had no effect on milk and protein yield and SCS. Animals from Baden-Wuerttemberg reached the highest milk protein content but the lowest milk fat content.

scholarly journals Beziehungen zwischen Milchleistung und Fruchtbarkeit in einer Schwarzbuntpopulation nach intensiver Steigerung der Milchleistung

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
G. Seeland ◽  
C. Henze
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Fertility Traits

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relations between milk yield and fertility after strong increased milk yield The purposes of the study were to estimate genetic parameters for milk production and fertility traits. The study included data on about 75,000 first and 40,000 second parity cows of German Friesian. The estimated coefficients of heritability for milk, fat and protein yield were in comparison to other previous estimates relatively high. In contrast to that, heritability of fat and protein content was very low. As expected, heritability of fertility also was very low, ranging from 0.009 to 0.127, depending on trait. Genetic correlation between milk, fat and protein yield, and fertility traits were high and unfavourable and characterize an antagonistic relation. The estimated environmental correlation coefficients are negible. The genetic coefficients of regression between milk yield and fertility are low and vary between the pair of traits. Low genetic coefficients make the effect of antagonism less strong.

scholarly journals Variability and heritability of milk traits of Holstein-Frisian bull dams and their progeny

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Marina Lazarevic ◽  
Dragan Stanojevic ◽  
Vladan Bogdanovic ◽  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Nevena Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
The Impact

The research was performed on Holstein-Friesian and Black and White bull dams reared on five farms of Agricultural Corporation of Belgrade - PKB. The study included 575 lactations of cows selected as bull dams and their progeny calved in the period from 2007 - 2014 and represent progeny of 24 bulls. The following dairy traits were analysed in a standard lactation (305 days): milk yield (kg) - MY, milk fat content (%) - % MF, milk fat yield (kg) - MFY, protein content (%) - % PC and protein yield (kg) - PY. Holstein-Friesian bull dams and their progeny, in standard lactation, produced on average 9239.84 ? 1607.64 kg of milk, with a milk fat content of 3.44 ? 0.20 and protein content of 3.21 ? 0.12. The impact of bull - sire, year of birth, lactation order, farm, year and calving season was present at different levels of statistical significance on yield traits, while the genetic group had no influence on any of the milk traits. Bull - sire, year of birth, lactation order and calving season did not influence the variability of milk fat and protein content. Heritability of observed milk traits was medium to low. The content of milk fat and protein had the lowest values of heritability, 0.014, and 0.024, respectively. The heritability of milk yield, milk fat yield and protein yield was 0.293, 0.319 and 0.273, respectively.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

Effect of intravenous supplements of L-methionine on milk yield and composition in cows given silage-cereal diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Chamberlain ◽  
Phillip C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content

SUMMARYEight cows in mid lactation and receiving a diet of perennial ryegrass silage and barley (70:30 on a DM basis) were given intravenous supplements of l-methionine (8 g/d). The methionine treatment had no significant effect on milk yield, protein content or lactose content, but increased milk fat content and yield by approximately 10% (P < 0·05).

scholarly journals Structural and non-structural carbohydrates in concentrate supplements of silage-based dairy cow rations. 1. Feed intake and milk production.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3B) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
H. de Visser ◽  
P.L. van der Togt ◽  
S. Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Silage Maize

A feeding trial was carried out with 64 multiparous dairy cows, in which the effect of type of carbohydrate in concentrate mixtures (starch vs. cell wall constituents) and differences in rumen degradation (fast vs. slow) on feed intake and milk yield were studied. The experiment started immediately after parturition and lasted for 15 wk. The basal diet, which comprised 75% of the total DM intake, consisted of wilted grass silage, maize silage and concentrates. The remaining part of the diet consisted of barley (B), maize (M), pressed ensiled beet pulp (P) or moist ensiled maize bran (MB). All diets were given as totally mixed rations. Total intake of DM and net energy did not differ between diets, but differences were found in energy partition. There was a tendency for cows given diet B to show increased liveweight gain, while cows given P mobilized more body reserves compared with the other treatments. Milk yield did not differ between diets, but milk fat content was higher for diet P. Milk protein content was higher for diets B and M compared with P and MB. The lower protein content of the milk of treatment P can be explained by a longer period of negative energy balance, while the lower milk protein in cows given diet MB probably resulted from reduced microbial protein synthesis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Production performances of cows of different origin and housing method

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Dragan Niksic ◽  
Vlada Pantelic ◽  
Dusica Ostojic-Andric ◽  
Predrag Perisic ◽  
Ljiljana Samolovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rearing Method ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Farming Households

In order to examine the variability of production performance traits (lactation duration, milk yield for the whole lactation, milk yield in standard lactation, milk fat content, milk fat yield in standard lactation, protein content and yield in standard lactation), 954 cows, domestic and imported Simmental populations, were included in the study, with a total of 3641 completed lactations. Cows were located in the area of Toplica district, reared on individual farming households (tied system) and on the farm with intensive farming (free system). Based on the rearing method and origin, animals were divided into four groups: Group 1 (domestic animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 2 (imported animals reared by individual agricultural producers on individual farming households); Group 3 (domestic animals reared on the farm) and Group 4 (imported animals reared on the farm). The fourth group of studied cows showed the highest yield and protein content, while the cows of the third group had the longest lactation and the highest milk fat content. All production performance traits varied highly significantly (p?0.001) under the influence of the combined factor of housing/rearing method and origin.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Kosyachenko ◽  
Marina Abramova ◽  
M. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Blood Fraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

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