scholarly journals The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Salmanzadeh ◽  
Yahya Ebrahimnezhad ◽  
Habib Aghdam Shahryar ◽  
Jamshid Ghiasi Ghaleh-Kandi
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of in ovo feeding (IOF) of glutamine on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with glutamine (Gln) (10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of dionized water) on day 7 of incubation. Hatchability, growth performance, carcass characteristics (carcass weight and relative weights of breast, thigh, heart, liver, gizzard, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen) and jejunal morphometry (measurement of villus height and width and crypt depth) were determined during the experiment. The weight of newly hatched chickens was significantly greater in groups with Gln injection than in control and sham groups. But IOF caused lower hatchability than in the control group (non-injected eggs) (p < 0.05). Chickens from IOF of Gln showed better weight gain and feed conversion ratio (0–42 days of age), when compared to chickens hatched from control and sham groups. The IOF of Gln significantly increased villus height, villus width and crypt depth at hatch period and villus height at 42 days of age. In addition, carcass weights and relative weights of breast, thigh and gizzard were also markedly increased in chickens treated in ovo with Gln; whereas heart, liver, abdominal fat, intestine, pancreas and spleen were not significantly altered at the end of the experimental period. These data suggest that the IOF of Gln may improve jejunum development, leading to an increased nutrient assimilation and consequently to greater performance in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Dietary Enteromorpha Polysaccharide Enhances Intestinal Immune Response, Integrity, and Caecal Microbial Activity of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teketay Wassie ◽  
Zhuang Lu ◽  
Xinyi Duan ◽  
Chunyan Xie ◽  
Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

Marine algae polysaccharides have been shown to regulate various biological activities, such as immune modulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and hypolipidemic. However, litter is known about the interaction of these polysaccharides with the gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of marine algae Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera polysaccharide (EP) supplementation on growth performance, immune response, and caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of 200 1-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with ten replications of ten chickens in each replication. The dietary treatments consisted of the control group (fed basal diet), and EP group (received diet supplemented with 400 mg EP/kg diet). Results showed that chickens fed EP exhibited significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) body weight and average daily gain than the chicken-fed basal diet. In addition, significantly longer villus height, shorter crypt depth, and higher villus height to crypt depth ratio were observed in the jejunal and ileal tissues of chickens fed EP. EP supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB, TLR4, MyD88, IL-2, IFN-α, and IL-1β in the ileal and jejunal tissues (P &lt; 0.05). Besides, we observed significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) short-chain volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) levels in the caecal contents of the EP group than in the control group. Furthermore, 16S-rRNA analysis revealed that EP supplementation altered gut microbiota and caused an abundance shift at the phylum and genus level in broiler chicken. Interestingly, we observed an association between microbiota and SCFAs production. Overall, this study demonstrated that supplementation of diet with EP promotes growth performance, improves intestinal immune response and integrity, and modulates the caecal microbiota of broiler chickens. This study highlighted the application of marine algae polysaccharides as an antibiotic alternative for chickens. Furthermore, it provides insight to develop marine algae polysaccharide-based functional food and therapeutic agent.

The effects of in ovo feeding of threonine and carbohydrates on growth performance of broiler chickens

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
S N Mousavi ◽  
F Foroudi ◽  
F Arab Baghi ◽  
M Shivazad ◽  
H Ghahri
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficient Uptake ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

The few days before and after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers. Glycogen reserves in the chick embryo are significantly depleted during the perihatch period in order to meet the high energy demands during the process of emergence (Uni and Ferket, 2004). The immediate posthatch period is characterized by a transition from the use of lipid-rich yolk as the nutrient source to exogenous feed rich in carbohydrates and proteins. This transition is accompanied by rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (Sklan, 2001). The accelerated rate of development posthatch is reflected in the several-fold improvement in the development of the gastrointestinal tract and organ growth which will allow for a more efficient uptake of nutrients for muscle development. During late embryogenesis, solutions administered into the amniontic fluid (in ovo feeding) are consumed by the embryo, digested, and absorbed by the embryonic intestine prior to pipping (Uni et al., 2005). In ovo feeding of supplemental nutrients may help to overcome the constraint of limited egg nutrients (Foye et al., 2006). The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates and threonine, alone or in combination, on growth performance of broiler chicks from 1 to 42 d of age.

scholarly journals Effects of in ovo feeding of N-acetyl-L-glutamate on early intestinal development and growth performance in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 3583-3593
Author(s):  
Jiguang Wang ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Shugeng Wu ◽  
Guanghai Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

Performance, intestinal morphometry, and incubation parameters of broiler chickens submitted to in ovo feeding with different techniques and amino acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-740
Author(s):  
Priscila Groff-Urayama ◽  
Joselaine Padilha ◽  
Suelen Einsfeld ◽  
Simone Pertile ◽  
Mateus Gorges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Air Chamber ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

The objective of this research was to evaluate techniques, incubation period, and effects of amino acids in ovo feeding. First, 240 hatching eggs were selected and distributed in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (two techniques and 3 d). The parameters of incubation, relative weight of gastrointestinal organs, and classification of embryonic mortality were evaluated. In the second stage, 720 hatching eggs were incubated with five treatments: control, methionine (20 and 30 mg), and lysine (20 and 30 mg). These animals were housed during 14 d. The animals were divided with five treatments, nine replicates, and groupings based on sex. Incubation parameters, performance, intestinal morphometry, and relative weight of digestive tract organs were evaluated. The results indicate that the technique using a 45° needle axis passing through the air chamber hinders hatchability. In the organ weighing, there was no difference between the evaluated factors. For intestinal morphometry, there was only a significant difference between the dose factor for the crypt villi and crypt diameter. To conclude, the technique using a 90° angle without passing through the air chamber is safer for the embryos. The inoculation of methionine (20 and 30 mg) obtained data similar to the control group.

scholarly journals Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens Supplemented with Propolis and Bee Pollen

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Prakatur ◽  
Maja Miskulin ◽  
Mirela Pavic ◽  
Ksenija Marjanovic ◽  
Valerija Blazicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Surface Areas

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of dietary supplementation with propolis and bee pollen on the intestinal morphology and absorptive surface areas of chickens. Two hundred day-old Ross 308 chickens (100 male and 100 female) were equally allocated into five groups. Throughout the whole study, the control group of chickens was fed with a basal diet, while the experimental groups of chickens were fed with the same diet supplemented with propolis and bee pollen: P1 = 0.25 g of propolis/kg + 20 g of bee pollen/kg; P2 = 0.5 g of propolis/kg; P3 = 1.0 g of propolis/kg; P4 = 20 g of bee pollen/kg. The duodenal villi of chickens from all experimental groups were significantly higher and wider (p < 0.001), while their duodenal villi crypts were significantly deeper (p < 0.001) in comparison with these parameters in chickens from the control group. The villus height to crypt depth ratio, as well as the absorptive surface areas of broiler chickens, were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in experimental groups of chickens in comparison with the control group. These findings suggest that dietary supplementation with propolis and bee pollen has a beneficial effect on broilers chickens’ intestinal morphophysiology.

scholarly journals Effects of In Ovo Feeding of L-Carnitine and Satureja Khuzistanica Extract on Hatchability, Post-Hatch Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
bahman Parizadian Kavan ◽  
Razzagh Karimirad ◽  
Heshmatollah Khosravinia ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

scholarly journals Effects of perch availability on performance, carcass characteristics, and footpad lesions in broilers

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kiyma ◽  
K. Küçükyılmaz ◽  
A. Orojpour
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Meat Color ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. In the modern broiler industry, solutions are still being sought to improve conditions or eliminate problems related to issues such as animal welfare, health, and meat quality brought by intensive production systems. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study effects of perching on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and footpad lesions (FPLs) in broiler chickens. A total of 300 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were distributed into control and perch groups with three replicates including equal numbers of males and females. The perch group contained two single perches in each pen. Analysis of camera records revealed that on average 7.36 % of the birds using perches. Perch use did not have any effect on growth performance (P  >  0.05), but had a positive effect on FPLs (P  <  0.001). Carcass yield and proportions of carcass parts were not affected by perch availability (P  >  0.05). Thigh and breast meat color was less yellow (P  <  0.005) in the perch group compared to the control group, where breast meat color was more red (P  <  0.01). Birds in the perch group had brighter breast meat (P  <  0.001). The weight of livers in the perch group was lower than in the control group (P  <  0.01). These findings suggest that perch use has positive effect on FPLs. The reduction of redness in the breast could indicate that perch use may have a positive effect on breast inflammation. The potential positive effects of adapting perch use to intensive conditions should be further investigated.

scholarly journals The Effects of the antimicrobial peptide WK3 on diarrhea, growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Licong Zhang ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Na Zhan ◽  
Taotao Sun ◽  
Anshan Shan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth

Background: Antibiotics are very effective for treating diarrhea in weaned pigs, but the global prohibition of antibiotics makes it urgent to find an alternative to antibiotics. Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of a linear trpzip-like β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide WK3 in vivo and to assess its effects on growth performance and intestinal health. Design: Thirty-two piglets were weaned at 21 days and housed in individual metabolic cages, which were randomly divided into four groups and were maintained on a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet. Group 1 included a blank group. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were orally infected by feeding with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88, which was followed by saline treatment (group 2), enrofloxacin injection at a dose of 2.5 mg/ kg (group 3), and WK3 injection at a dose of 2 mg/kg (group 4). The experiment lasted for 6 days, and feed and water were provided ad libitum. Results: Both WK3 and enrofloxacin effectively attenuated diarrhea and improved growth performance of piglets. Compared with the control group, WK3 significantly improved the villus height in the ileum (P < 0.05) but did not affect the villus height in the duodenum or jejunum. Additionally, we did not observe any obvious difference in crypt depth or villus height/crypt depth among the duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P > 0.05). WK3 also reduced the numbers of Enterococcus spp (P < 0.01) in the cecal contents, and the number of Enterobacterium spp tended to decrease (0.05 < P < 0.1). Moreover, the jejunal mucosa of the WK3 group exhibited lower interleukin-1α (IL-1a; P < 0.01), toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4; P < 0.05), and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88; P < 0.01) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels. The jejunum of the WK3 group also exhibited an increased antioxidant capacity, reduced concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA; P < 0.05), and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P < 0.05). Conclusions: WK3 has the potential to replace antibiotics as a new generation feed additive.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Ginsenoside Rg1 Supplementation on Growth Performance, Gut Health, and Serum Immunity in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehe Song ◽  
Kaihuan Xie ◽  
Yunlu Zhang ◽  
Qian Xie ◽  
Xi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Ginsenoside Rg1 ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Crypt Depth

The restriction and banning of antibiotics in farm animal feed has led to a search for promising substitutes for antibiotics to promote growth and maintain health for livestock and poultry. Ginsenoside Rg1, which is one of the most effective bioactive components in ginseng, has been reported to have great potential to improve the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative status of animals. In this study, 360 Chinese indigenous broiler chickens with close initial body weight were divided into 5 groups. Each group contained 6 replicates and each replicate had 12 birds. The experimental groups were: the control group, fed with the basal diet; the antibiotic group, fed basal diet + 300 mg/kg 15% chlortetracycline; and three Rg1 supplementation groups, fed with basal diet + 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1, respectively. The growth performance, immune function, and intestinal health of birds were examined at early (day 1–28) and late (day 29–51) stages. Our results showed that dietary supplementation of 300 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 significantly improved the growth performance for broilers, particularly at the late stage, including an increase in final body weight and decrease of feed conversion ratio (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the integrity of intestinal morphology (Villus height, Crypt depth, and Villus height/Crypt depth) and tight junction (ZO-1 and Occludin), and the secretion of sIgA in the intestine were enhanced by the supplementation of Rg1 in chicken diet (P &lt; 0.05). The immune organ index showed that the weight of the thymus, spleen, and bursa was significantly increased at the early stage in ginsenoside Rg1 supplementation groups (P &lt; 0.05). Our findings might demonstrate that ginsenoside Rg1 could serve as a promising antibiotic alternative to improve the growth performance and gut health for broiler chickens mainly through its amelioration of inflammatory and oxidative activities.

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