Research of postpartum endometritis in Japanese Black cattle with cystic ovarian disease by vaginal mucus test and endometrial cytology

Abstract. The relationship between endometritis and cystic ovarian disease (COD) is still unclear in Japanese Black cattle. Endometritis is classified into clinical endometritis (CE) and subclinical endometritis (SE). The objective of this study was to clarify the interaction between postpartum endometritis (CE and SE) and COD in Japanese Black cattle. Twenty-six suckled cows with COD (COD group) and 16 suckled cows with cyclical ovarian activity (CA group) were submitted for the experiment. Uterine conditions of cows were classified into three groups (normal, CE, and SE) with vaginal mucus test and endometrial cytology. The combined data of CE and SE were represented as data for total endometritis (EMT total). The prevalence of EMT total in the COD group (42.3 %, 11∕26) was significantly higher than that of the CA group (12.5 %, 2∕16). The mean percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN %) in the COD group was significantly higher than that of the CA group at 40–60 DPP (days postpartum). Compared to 61–295 DPP, the mean PMN % at 40–60 DPP was significantly higher in the COD group. The diameters of uterine horn and cervix did not differ among normal uterine condition, CE and SE in the COD group, and they did not differ between normal uterine condition and SE in the CA group. However, endometrial thickness during both 40–60 and 61–295 DPP were greater in the COD group than in the CA group. In conclusion, Japanese Black cattle with COD have a potential implication on endometritis at 40–60 DPP compared to the normal ovarian cycle. As a specific symptom was not observed by transrectal ultrasonography, endometrial cytology is effective for diagnosis of SE in Japanese Black cattle.

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Comparison of ovulation induction with letrozole plus dexamethasone and letrozole alone in infertile women with polycystic ovarian disease: An RCT

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.18502/ijrm.v13i4.6893 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Farahnaz Farzaneh ◽

Fatemeh Afshar

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Ovarian Response ◽

Male Factor ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Disease ◽

Ovarian Disease ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Follicle Diameter ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean

Background: Infertility is characterized by the inability to obtain a successful pregnancy after 6 months or more with unprotected and regular intercourse. In developing countries, the incidence of infertility is 2%. The causes of infertility could be male factor or female factor, or mixed factor. Objective: This study was conducted with the aim of comparison the ovarian response to letrozole alone and letrozole plus dexamethasone in infertile women with poly cystic ovarian disease (PCOS). Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 120 infertile women with PCOS referred to Ali-Ebne-Abitaleb hospital, Zahedan, Iran from February to August 2017 into two groups: group I received letrozole alone and group II recived letrozole plus dexamethasone. The endometrial thickness, follicle diameter, and ovulation were evaluated and compared by ultrasound on days 12 to 14. Results: The mean thickness of endometrium was not different between two groups. Pregnancy rate was 8% in letrozole group and 23% in Letrozole plus Dexamethasone (p = 0.024). Also, the mean diameter of follicles in two groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Overall, this study showed that dexamethasone may increase pregnancy rate. Key words: Letrozole, Dexamethasone, PCOS, Induction ovulation.

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Study of sub-clinical endometritis on the basis of endometrial thickness and endometrial cytology in dairy cows after parturition

Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika ◽

10.18805/bkap79 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Akshay Sharma ◽

Madhumeet Singh ◽

Neelam . ◽

Pravesh Kumar ◽

P. K. Dogra

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Post Partum ◽

Transrectal Ultrasound ◽

Control Group ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control ◽

Endometrial Cytology

Dairy cows assigned to four treatment groups were administered PGF2 analogue (Cloprostenol) on day 8 (n=5), day 25 post partum (n=5), or antibiotic from day 1 to 5 postpartum (n=5), or kept as untreated control (n=5). The monitoring of endometrial thickness of previous gravid and non-gravid uterine horn was performed by transrectal ultrasound scanning on day 43 but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found between treatment and control group. Endometrial cytology confirmed sub-clinical endometritis in cows under control group based on the mean percentage of PMN cells. Similarly, PMN cells were statistically different (p Lass Than 0.05) between PG8 and control group.

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101 Effects of Active Immunization Against GnRH in Oocyte Donors with Cystic Ovarian Disease

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv30n1ab101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

O. A. C. Faria ◽

L. R. O. Dias ◽

L. Leme ◽

G. Fernandes ◽

A. A. G. Fidelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Control Group ◽

Individual Response ◽

Embryo Production ◽

Ovarian Disease ◽

Oocyte Donors ◽

Cystic Ovarian Disease

Cows intensively used as oocyte donors for in vitro embryo production (IVEP) are usually kept nonpregnant for prolonged intervals, exposed to successive hormonal treatments, and frequently become overweight. These are all risk factors for the development of endocrine unbalance and, consequently, cystic ovarian disease (COD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on (1) ovarian follicular population, and (2) development potential of oocytes used for IVEP. Nelore (Bos indicus) cows (n = 14), previously diagnosed with chronic COD (Faria et al. 2017 Anim. Reprod., in press), weighing 620.0 ± 12.8 kg and with body condition score of 4.1 ± 0.2, were assigned to control (n = 6) or treatment (n = 8) group. Cows in the treatment group received 2 SC injections of 1.0 mL of anti-GnRH vaccine (Bopriva, Zoetis, Brazil), 28 days apart (weeks 0 and 4), whereas cows in the control group received placebo on the same schedule. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed weekly from week 0 to evaluate the number and distribution of follicles among size classes, endometrial thickness, and clinical presence of mucometra. Immunization was considered effective (E-IM) when no follicles ≥5.0 mm were observed on the ovaries during a given examination. Cows having E-IM were then used as oocyte donors for IVEP. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) were collected in 5 consecutive ovum pick-up weekly sessions. As a control for IVEP, oocytes from a slaughterhouse were used, with similar procedures performed on the same days and using the same semen batch. The MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) with repeated-measures statement was used to evaluate the effects of treatment, time, and interactions on ovarian endpoints; and the GLM procedure was used to analyse embryo production data. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. There were time and time × treatment effects on ovarian parameters. Treated cows had a decrease (P < 0.05) in the average diameter of the largest follicle and in the number of follicles ≥8 mm, and an increase (P < 0.05) in follicular population after week 6. Nonetheless, individual response to treatment was variable: only 50% of the cows (4 of 8) were E-IM at week 8, whereas 25% (2 of 8) still had COD (largest follicle ≥18.0 mm) at this timepoint. Overall, a negative correlation was detected between follicular population and the diameter of the largest follicle (r = –0.60, P < 0.0001) or the number of follicles ≥8 mm (r = –0.47, P < 0.0001). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on endometrial thickness or mucometra score. Cows with E-IM produced 22.2 ± 3.6 total and 12.9 ± 2.3 viable COC. Cleavage rate did not differ between E-IM and control (slaughterhouse) oocytes (70.8 ± 7.0 v. 75.1 ± 3.0%, respectively; P > 0.05); however, blastocyst rate was greater in the E-IM group compared with controls (39.7 ± 5.5 v. 20.5 ± 4.7%, respectively; P < 0.02). In summary, our results suggest that active immunization against GnRH leads to variable results in the distribution of the follicular population in cows with COD, but it does not negatively affect IVEP efficiency. This research was supported by Zoetis, CNPq, and CAPES.

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Evaluation of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women by using 3.0-T MRI

South African Journal of Radiology ◽

10.4102/sajr.v18i1.603 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junko Nakamura ◽

Takeharu Yoshikawa ◽

Eriko Maeda ◽

Hiroyuki Akai ◽

Hiroshi Ohtsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Medical Records ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Mr Images ◽

Endometrial Thickening ◽

3.0 T ◽

The Mean ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

3.0 T Mri

Background: The accepted threshold for normal endometrial thickness is 5 mm; lesions with endometrial thickness < 5 mm are considered benign, whilst those > 5 mm areconsidered malignant. However, endometrium ≥ 5 mm on transvaginal ultrasonography inpostmenopausal woman is considered as asymptomatic endometrial thickening. However, recent studies suggest that asymptomatic endometrial thickness of even 8 mm – 11 mm in postmenopausal women may be normal.Objectives: The present study investigated the normal endometrial thickness range in 297 asymptomatic postmenopausal women using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2-weighted sagittal images measured retrospectively by a single radiologist.Method: The data were classified according to patient age and postmenopausal duration, and the medical records and follow-up MR images were reviewed to assess the clinical outcome.Results: The mean endometrial thickness was 2.4 ± 0.1 mm (range: 0.1–11.6). The endometriumin 21 of 297 subjects was ≥ 5 mm thick. Follow-up MR images were obtained in 17 of these 21 women, and their endometrial thickness was found to have decreased in all of them. To date,none of the subjects has been diagnosed with endometrial cancer.Conclusion: Although 5 mm is considered the conservative threshold of normal endometrial thickness on MRI of postmenopausal women, this figure should not, to avoid excessive false-positive diagnoses, be assumed as an indication of malignancy.

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Letrozole versus Clomiphene Citrate in Patients with Anovulatory Infertility

Journal of SAFOG with DVD ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1038 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

PG Paul ◽

Dhiraj Gada ◽

Mandakini Parihar ◽

Shravanti Bhowmik

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measure ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Clomiphene Citrate ◽

Comparative Trial ◽

Outpatient Clinics ◽

Parallel Group ◽

The Mean ◽

Infertility Patients ◽

Anovulatory Infertility ◽

Micronized Progesterone

ABSTRACT Objective To compare the effectiveness of letrozole and clomiphene citrate (CC) in patients with anovulatory infertility. Design Open, prospective, randomized, parallel group, multicentric, comparative trial. Setting Outpatient clinics of infertility centers in India. Patient(s) Fifty-five patients with anovulatory infertility were recruited. Twenty-seven patients (59 cycles) were given letrozole and twenty-eight patients (68 cycles) were given CC. Both drugs were given orally on days 3-7 of menstrual cycle. Intervention(s) Letrozole, CC, ovulation induction, vaginal micronized progesterone, IUI. Main outcome measure(s) Occurrence of ovulation, endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates. Result(s) Ovulation occurred in 77.9 % (46/59) of letrozole cycles and in 80.9 % (55/68) of CC cycles. The mean endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration was 9 mm in letrozole group and 8.76 mm in the CC group. Pregnancy rate per cycle was 11.9 % (7/59) in the letrozole group and 8.8 % (6/68) in the CC group. Conclusion(s) Letrozole and CC have comparable effectiveness in anovulatory infertility patients. Letrozole may be an acceptable alternative to CC as an ovulation-inducing drug.

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Lack of LH response to oestradiol treatment in cows with cystic ovarian disease and effect of progesterone treatment or manual rupture

Research in Veterinary Science ◽

10.1016/0034-5288(91)90011-c ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 180-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A.S. Nanda ◽

W.R. Ward ◽

H. Dobson

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Disease ◽

Oestradiol Treatment ◽

Progesterone Treatment ◽

Cystic Ovarian Disease

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Comparison of letrozole and clomiphene citrate efficacy in terms of ovulation induction and pregnancy rate.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.05.6497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (05) ◽

pp. 749-754

Author(s):

Nadia Sharif ◽

Uzma Manzoor ◽

Saadia Bano ◽

Uzma Shahzaad

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Ovulation Induction ◽

Endometrial Thickness ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Clomiphene Citrate ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

P Value ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Letrozole and clomiphene citrate in Patients of Anovulation polycystic ovarian syndrome with Infertility. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Independent Medical College Faisalabad. Period: 30-09-2019 to 29-6-2020. Material & Methods: This study included 100 patients with 50 patients in each group. Group A received 2.5 to 5mg letrozole in each cycle from day 3 to 7. Group B received clomiphene citrate 50 to 100 mg incremental dose depending on ovarian response. Both Drugs were given for consecutive 3 to 6 cycles to see response. Main outcome Measure included optimal follicle size (> 18mm), endometrial thickness, and pregnancy rate. Epidemiological data and efficacy outcome measures were recorded on a Performa. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 13. Chi-square test applied and p-value <o.o5 was considered significant. Both group included primary infertility patients. Results: The mean age of patients was 28.03+ 3.02 years. Mean age of group A patients was 29.04+3.44 and 28.47+3.90 group B patients. Mono ovulation in group A patients (88.9%) and 27 in group b patients (60.0%). The mean endometrial thickness was 9.6mm + 1.6 in letrozole group and 6.9mm + 1.2 in clomiphene citrate group A. In group A 18% got pregnant from Letrozole group and 1.1% from the group B. Conclusion: Efficacy was significantly higher in group A Patients received letrozole as compared to patients echo received clomiphene citrate. The effects of Letrozole showed better outcome in terms of Ovulation Induction Endometrial Thickness and Pregnancy rate.

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Follicular structures of cows with cystic ovarian disease present altered expression of cytokines

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199419000285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (05) ◽

pp. 285-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonela F. Stassi ◽

Natalia C. Gareis ◽

Belkis E. Marelli ◽

Valentina Matiller ◽

Cristian J.M. Leiva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Inflammatory Cytokine ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Ovarian Disease ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Ovarian Cells ◽

Cystic Ovarian Disease ◽

Disease Present

SummaryOvulation is considered an inflammatory, cytokine-mediated event. Cytokines, which are recognized as growth factors with immunoregulatory properties, are involved in many cellular processes at the ovarian level. In this sense, cytokines affect fertility and are involved in the development of different ovarian disorders such as bovine cystic ovarian disease (COD). Because it has been previously demonstrated that ovarian cells represent both sources and targets of cytokines, the aim of this study was to examine the expression of several cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-4 and IL-8, in ovarian follicular structures from cows with spontaneous COD. The protein expression of these cytokines was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-8 concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In granulosa and theca cells, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, IL-1RA and IL-4 expression levels were higher in cystic follicles than in the control dominant follicles. The serum and FF concentrations of IL-1β and IL-4 showed no differences between groups, whereas IL-8 concentration was detected only in FF of cysts from cows with COD. The FF and serum concentrations of IL-1β and IL-8 showed no significant differences, whereas IL-4 concentration was higher in FF than in serum in both the control and COD groups. These results evidenced an altered expression of cytokines in ovaries of cows with COD that could contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.

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