scholarly journals Genotype–environment interaction in layer chickens in the growing stage: comparison of three genotypes at two different feeding levels with or without red mite (<i>Dermanyssus gallinae</i>) infestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-455
Author(s):  
Hakan Erdem ◽  
Türker Savaş
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Feeding Environments ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. This study investigated how early growth was affected in various chicken genotypes, which were fed ad libitum or restricted and with or without poultry red mite (PRM) infestation. Atak-S (AS), New Hampshire Red (NHR), and Light Sussex (LS) genotypes were used in the study. In total, 120 chicks were used from each genotype. Four groups were formed: feed-restricted (FR) and infested with parasite (P+), FR only, fed ad libitum and P+ , and fed ad libitum only. Feed restriction was applied as 20 % of the feed consumption of the group fed ad libitum the day before for each genotype. The study was conducted between 2 to 12 weeks of age. Weekly live weights and feed consumption were recorded, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. Traps were placed in cages to count parasites. Regarding the live weight, NHR tolerated the PRM infestation in the ad libitum feed conditions better than other genotypes. While the infested NHR and AS birds had lower live weights than the non-infested ones under FR conditions, there was no difference between infested and non-infested birds of NHR and AS genotypes when they fed ad libitum. The feed consumption of infested AS and NHR birds was higher than that of non-infested counterparts when fed ad libitum. By contrast, the LS chicks consumed less food in the infested environment. In conclusion, the genotypes responded differently to PRM infestation in different feeding environments.

scholarly journals Yaz Koşullarında Gece-Gündüz Yemlemesi ve Aydınlatmanın Etlik Piliçlerin Performansı Üzerine Etkileri

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mesut Karaman ◽  
Mehmet Öcal
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Light Regimen ◽  
Night Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study, aimed to determine the effects of different light regimen and day/night feeding on some performance criteria of 1104 broiler chickens during summer season. At the beginning of second week they were separated according to their sexes, and experiment had 2 × 6 replications. The 1st group, as control, received continuous lighting (daylight + lightening during night) and fed ad-libitum. The 2nd group was treated with continuous lighting too, but they had no access to feed between10:00 and 16:00 o’clock during the last three weeks. The 3rd group was also exposed to continuous lighting but had no access to feed between10:00 am and 16:00 pm. Fourth group received continuous lighting but had no access to feed between 24:00 pm and 06:00 am. Fifth group received continuous lighting, but they were not fed between 24:00 pm and 06:00 am during the last three weeks of experimental process. Sixth group had no access to feed box during 24:00 pm and 06:00 am, when they had not been exposed to light as well. There were no notable differences in live weight gain of male and female birds for all treatment groups, and similarly differences among feed consumption and feed conversion ratios were not remarkable statistically regardless of the sexes of chickens. There were significant differences in hot-cold carcass yields of the 3rd and 6th treatment groups for male birds and 6th treatment group for female birds. The differences for carcass weights of male birds were statistically significant and 3rd and 6th treatments groups were tend to be relatively higher than the other treatment groups. The differences among treatment groups for carcass weights of female birds, however, were not significant and similarly the effects of the treatments on the mortality rate was found to be in significant for same birds. Lightning (24h) and feeding ad - libitum affected the performance of the birds adversely, whilst restricted feeding and lightning process reduced the yield-loss the animals during the summer season.

Response to selection and genotype–environment interaction in mink (Neovison vison) selected on ad libitum and restricted feeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Hunnicke Nielsen ◽  
Steen Henrik Møller ◽  
Bente Krogh Hansen ◽  
Peer Berg
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Nielsen, V. H., Møller, S. H., Hansen, B. K. and Berg, P. 2011. Response to selection and genotype-environment interaction in mink (Neovison vison) selected on ad libitum and restricted feeding. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 231–237. Mink were selected for high November weight (AL line) and low feed conversion ratio (FC line) on ad libitum feeding and for high November weight on restricted feeding (RF line). After three generations of selection, the average estimated breeding value for November weight was 533, 326, and 150 g in males and 168, 82, and −85 g in females in the AL, RF, and FC lines. The breeding value for feed conversion ratio was −1.39, −0.84 and −0.68 kg feed kg−1 gain in males and −0.39, −0.31 and −0.23 kg feed kg−1 gain in females in the selection lines. In generation 4, the AL, RF and FC lines were tested on both ad libitum and restricted feeding. The estimated breeding value for November weight in males in the AL line (533 g) was significantly greater than that in the RF line (384 g) on ad libitum feeding. The corresponding values on restricted feeding were 297 and 326 g, respectively, which were not significantly different. This indicates genotype×environment interaction. In the AL line, selection improved feed conversion ratio by increased appetite. In the RF line, it was improved by increased feed utilization. Environmental sensitivity in males, estimated from breeding values for November weight was 236 g in the AL line and 58 g in the RF line suggesting that the RF line was more robust to changes in feeding conditions. A smaller litter size in the AL line (4.1) than in the RF line (5.6) indicates that selection for large weight affects reproduction.

A note on purebred performance of Belgian Piétrain pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Howard ◽  
W. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Size At Birth

SUMMARYIn an analysis of data from 211 litters in a Pietrain herd, litter size at birth and at weaning was lower than is generally found in indigenous breeds. Mortality in growing and breeding pigs was high with circulatory failure accounting for 23% and 95% of deaths respectively. Pietrains, fed ad libitum over the live-weight range 27 to 87 kg, grew more slowly by 130 g/day than contemporary Large Whites on the same feeding regime, had higher killing-out percentages (by 3 to 4 units) and larger eye muscles in cross-section (by 9·9 cm2) but tended to have higher feed conversion ratios. There was no breed difference in backfat measurements but Pietrain carcasses were shorter by 83 mm and their muscle quality was markedly inferior to that of the Large Whites.

scholarly journals Complex feed additive for broiler fattening of ducklings

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 (10) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
David Pogosyan ◽  
Roman Tyurdenev
Keyword(s):  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to develop an effective feed additive with an optimal content of raw protein in combination with flavoring additives for ducklings, which allows to increase zoo technical and economic indicators with broiler technology of fattening young animals. Research methods. A scientific and production experiment was conducted on three groups of analog ducklings from a daily age to 49 days old. The studied indicators are: the dynamics of live weight by fattening phases, absolute and average daily growth, the safety of young animals, feed conversion, slaughter indicators, the European fattening efficiency indicator, the profitability of meat production. Results. The use of compound feeds with an optimal level of protein content in combination with flavoring additives prepared on the basis of developed feed additives intended for fattening broiler ducklings in the fattening phases contributes to an increase in: live weight by 11.4 %, the safety of young animals by 3 %, feed consumption and conversion by 3.9 and 7.6 %, slaughter yield of 1.1 %, the European fattening efficiency indicator from 246 to 308 units and the profitability of meat production by 24.5 %. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a complex feed additive has been developed, which, according to the age periods of fattening, includes three varieties: “Prestart”, intended for intensive fattening of young animals from daily to 10 days of age inclusive, “Start” for ducklings from 11 to 21 days and “Finish” from 22 to 49 days. The rate of introduction of the additive is 30 % of the mass of mixed feed. The composition of the supplement includes high-protein feeds, premixes, amino acids and flavoring substances (monosodium glutamate, acetic and citric acids, a mixture of phytogenics: oregano, cinnamon, red pepper).

GROUPING LOCATIONS FOR EFFICIENT CASSAVA EVALUATION IN MALAWI

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MKUMBIRA ◽  
N. M. MAHUNGU ◽  
U. GULLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Zone ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison ◽  
Better Than

Cassava, a crop widely adapted in the tropics, has the important attribute of withstanding adverse environmental conditions better than do many other staple crops. The performance of an individual genotype, however, is influenced by the environment in which it grows. In Malawi, the heterogeneity of agro-ecologies requires the cumbersome and costly assessment of new cassava genotypes at many sites. This study was conducted, therefore, to test the feasibility of selecting only a few locations for cassava evaluation that would be representative of all the agro-ecologies in which cassava is grown in Malawi. Enormous environmental effects, largely contributed by the interaction between season and location, were manifested. Genotype×environment interaction, due largely to a third level interaction (genotype×season×location), was highly significant for all the traits studied. A principal component analysis scatter plot showed no particular grouping of environments, but a pair-wise comparison showed that some of the locations had limited genotype×environment interaction, indicating that it would be sufficient to use one of these sites for evaluating these traits. The value of the residual was often large, probably as an effect of environmental heterogeneity in the test sites. The authors conclude that cassava genetic improvement will continue to be slow if Malawi is used as a single breeding zone. They recommend a much finer grouping of the locations and the use of smaller plot sizes to allow more clones to be tested at more sites for the same cost. Locations may be selected for intensive cassava breeding work from those that give the best discrimination between genotypes while having insignificant genotype×environment interactions in a relatively large number of environments.

Response of beef steers to diets based on big-bale silage supplemented with molassed sugar beet feed and two levels of fishmeal

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 198-198
Author(s):  
Y Rouzbehan ◽  
J H Topps ◽  
H Galbraith ◽  
J A Rooke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Ad Libitum

Earlier work (Rouzbehan et al, 1991) has shown that supplementation of baled silage with molassed sugar beet feed (MSBF, 60 g/kg fresh weight) improved live weight gain (LUG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) in sheep. It has been established that the protein in silage is not utilised as effectively by beef cattle as the protein in non-fermented forages (Thomas, 1982). Responses in the performance and carcass composition of finishing steers and heifers when silage-based diets have been supplemented with protein have proved to be variable. This trial was therefore carried out to examine the effects of feeding two levels of a protein supplement, fishmeal, in addition to MSBF, on the performance of beef steers fed big-bale silage ad libitum and to assess the nutritional value of such supplementation.

scholarly journals Use of ractopamine during compensatory gain of finishing pigs on carcass and meat performance and quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1660-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.J. Barbosa ◽  
A.M. Bridi ◽  
A.K. Novais ◽  
R.K.S. Santos ◽  
G. Frederico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ethereal Extract ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Compensatory Gain

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of compensatory gain associated with the use of 10ppm ractopamine after a period of feed restriction in finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Twenty castrated males and 20 females, at 110 days of age and 66.137±6.13kg live weight, were submitted to four treatments using a 2 x 2 factorial design (fed ad libitum or with 20% restriction between 0(21 days of age and fed with or without 10ppm ractopamine for 22(42 days of experimentation), with 10 replicates (animals). There was no interaction between the factors for any of the evaluated parameters. Animals treated with ractopamine presented better weight gain (1.083 versus 1.259kg), feed conversion (2.910 versus 2.577), warm and cold carcass weight (86.08 versus 89.00 and 83.46 versus 87.20kg, respectively), loin depth (63.02 versus 68.40mm), loin eye area (41.43 versus 46.59mm2) and muscle fiber diameter (27.48 versus 35.85μm). Animals submitted to feed restriction followed by ad libitum feed presented compensatory gain without losses to carcass and meat characteristics, but with a reduction in the ethereal extract (2.19 versus 1.64%) and lower water loss due to thawing in the meat (11.35 versus 9.42%). The effects of compensatory gain after food restriction and ractopamine are independent of the parameters evaluated.

scholarly journals Economic Use of Brewer’s Dried Grain (BDG) in the Diet of Swine

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Rijal ◽  
D. B. Nepali ◽  
R. A. Sah ◽  
M. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Feed Conversion

An experiment was conducted from 18th October, 2006 to 18th January, 2007 at IAAS Livestock Farm, Rampur, Chitwan to determine the substitution effects of soybean meal with brewer's dried grain (BDG) on the performance, economics and meat traits of swine production. Starter, grower and finisher diets were formulated containing 18, 16, and 14% CP respectively with 3000 Kcal/kg ME and adequately supplemented with required vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The treatments were: diet without brewer's dried grain -T1 (control diet), diet substituted with 10% brewer's dried grain-T2, diet substituted with 20% brewer's dried grain-T3, diet substituted with 30% brewer's dried grain-T4 and diet substituted with 35% brewer's dried grain-T5. Twenty weaned piglets having 7.37 to 7.94 kg live weight were housed in individual pens. Five piglets were randomly assigned to the five treatments following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) considering each individual as a replication. Fortnightly live weight, daily feed consumption, income over feed and pig cost, and different meat traits of pigs were recorded. The effect of replacing formulated diets with various level of brewer's dried grains on body weight gain was significant (p<0.01) with higher level of substitution resulting lower live-weight at the end of each of starter, grower and finisher diet period. The average body weight of piglets substituted with 35%BDG (27.00kg) and 30%BDG (39.75kg) were significantly lower (p<0.01) compared to the weight of piglets receiving 0% (65.75kg), 10% (64.25kg) and 20% (60.25kg) BDG replaced diets at the end of 3 months experimental period. A significant reduction (P<0.01) in average daily feed consumption were also recorded with increasing level of BDG in the diet. Better feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in T2 at early period which at finisher stage T3 diet resulted significantly better FCR which was at par with T1 and T2 diet fed group. However, T5 diet resulted the poorest feed conversion ratio of 5.26, 4.92 and 5.87 for starter, grower and finisher respectively. There was reduction in feed cost with different levels of BDG substitution in diet of pig. Highest income (in per cent) over expenditure (109.01%) was found in T2 followed by T1, T3, and T4. Lowest income over expenditure (-8.2%) was found in T5. Highest dressing percent (71.87%) was recorded in T1 and lowest (70%) in T5 diet fed group. Inclusion of 10-20% BDG seems most acceptable level of substitution of SBM. However, this result needs to be verified under farmer's management condition before recommendation.Key words: Brewer's dried grains; Swine performanceDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2820 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 29-35  

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M Tion ◽  
M. T. Orga ◽  
I. A. Adeka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

scholarly journals Utilization of parboiled rice polish based diet with supplementation of phytase and carbohydrase in growing ducklings

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
B Naher ◽  
M Y Miah ◽  
M M Roahman ◽  
M A Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Rate Of Improvement

A total of 60 day old straight run pekin ducklings were fed ad libitum on 6 diets viz, D1- 15% parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, D2- D1 + Mixed enzyme (Carbohydrase 120 ppm/kg + phytase 1000FYT/kg), D3- 25% parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, D4 - D3 + Mixed enzyme ( Carbohydrase 120 ppm/kg + phytase 1000FYT/kg), D5-35%   parboiled rice polish (PRP) based diet, D6 - D5+ Mixed enzyme ( Carbohydrase 120 ppm/kg + phytase 1000FYT/kg)  for 84 days. Diets were supplied two stages containing 22.5, 22.5, 22.8% CP for starter and 16.4, 16.9, 17% CP for finisher. Increasing PRP levels without enzyme decreased live weight, feed intake and feed conversion but increase  profitability without affecting livability. Addition of mixed enzyme promoted growth, feed conversion significantly  (P<0.01), but did not alter livability. The rate of improvement in performance for enzyme supplementation increased  with increasing level of dietary PRP. Therefore, it was concluded that it is possible to reduce costly grain by using PRP in duck ration and supplementation of phytase and carbohydrase in PRP diet may be beneficial to improve performance of ducks.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12100   J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 101–106, 2012    

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