scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning on surface water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: field observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 7745-7778
Author(s):  
P. Sundarambal ◽  
R. Balasubramanian ◽  
P. Tkalich ◽  
J. He
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Back Trajectories ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmospheric Nutrients

Abstract. Atmospheric nutrients have recently gained attention as a significant additional source of new nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading to the ocean. The effect of atmospheric N on marine productivity depends on the biological availability of both inorganic and organic N and P forms. During October 2006, the regional smoke haze episode in Southeast Asia (SEA) that resulted from uncontrolled forest fires in Sumatra and Borneo blanketed large tracts of the region. In this work, we determined the composition of nutrients in aerosols and rainwater during haze and non-haze periods to assess their impacts on aquatic ecosystem in SEA for the first time. We compared atmospheric dry and wet deposition of N and P species in aerosol and rainwater in Singapore between haze and non haze periods. Air mass back trajectories showed that large-scale forest and peat fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan were a significant source of atmospheric nutrients to aquatic environments in Singapore and SEA region on hazy days. It was observed that the average concentrations of nutrients increased approximately by a factor of 3 to 8 on hazy days when compared with non-hazy days. The mean dry atmospheric fluxes (g/m2/year) of TN and TP observed during hazy and non-hazy days were 4.77±0.775 and 0.3±0.082, and 0.91±0.471 and 0.046±0.01, respectively. The mean wet deposition fluxes (g/m2/year) of TN and TP were 12.2±3.53 and 0.726±0.074, and 2.71±0.989 and 0.144±0.06 for hazy and non-hazy days, respectively. The occurrences of higher concentrations of nutrients from atmospheric deposition during smoke haze episodes may have adverse consequences on receiving aquatic ecosystems with cascading impacts on water quality.

scholarly journals Impact of biomass burning on ocean water quality in Southeast Asia through atmospheric deposition: field observations

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 11323-11336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sundarambal ◽  
R. Balasubramanian ◽  
P. Tkalich ◽  
J. He
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Dry And Wet Deposition ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Peat Fires ◽  
Atmospheric Nutrients

Abstract. Atmospheric nutrients have recently gained considerable attention as a significant additional source of new nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading to the ocean. The effect of atmospheric macro nutrients on marine productivity depends on the biological availability of both inorganic and organic N and P forms. During October 2006, the regional smoke haze episodes in Southeast Asia (SEA) that resulted from uncontrolled forest and peat fires in Sumatra and Borneo blanketed large parts of the region. In this work, we determined the chemical composition of nutrients in aerosols and rainwater during hazy and non-hazy days to assess their impacts on aquatic ecosystem in SEA for the first time. We compared atmospheric dry and wet deposition of N and P species in aerosol and rainwater in Singapore between hazy and non-hazy days. Air mass back trajectories showed that large-scale forest and peat fires in Sumatra and Kalimantan were a significant source of atmospheric nutrients to aquatic environments in Singapore and SEA region on hazy days. It was observed that the average concentrations of nutrients increased approximately by a factor of 3 to 8 on hazy days when compared with non-hazy days. The estimated mean dry and wet atmospheric fluxes (mg/m2/day) of total nitrogen (TN) were 12.72 ± 2.12 and 2.49 ± 1.29 during non-hazy days and 132.86 ± 38.39 and 29.43 ± 10.75 during hazy days; the uncertainty estimates are represented as 1 standard deviation (1σ) here and throughout the text. The estimated mean dry and wet deposition fluxes (mg/m2/day) of total phosphorous (TP) were 0.82 ± 0.23 and 0.13 ± 0.03 for non-hazy days and 7.89 ± 0.80 and 1.56 ± 0.65 for hazy days. The occurrences of higher concentrations of nutrients from atmospheric deposition during smoke haze episodes may have adverse consequences on receiving aquatic ecosystems with cascading impacts on water quality.

Influence of atmospheric deposition on surface water quality and DBP formation potential as well as control technology of rainwater DBPs: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Shi ◽  
Bing Geng ◽  
tiantao Zhao ◽  
Feifei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Surface Water Pollution ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Atmospheric substances can enter surface water through dry and wet deposition, which contributes to surface water pollution and is one indispensable cause of water eutrophication. Rainwater is a high-quality alternative...

Atmospheric fluxes of nutrients onto Singapore Strait

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2287-2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sundarambal ◽  
R. Balasubramanian ◽  
P. Tkalich
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

In view of recurring forest fires in Southeast Asia (SEA) on a large scale and the abundant rainfall in this tropical region, atmospheric fallout of airborne particles i.e. dry atmospheric deposition (DAD) and wet atmospheric deposition (WAD) of nutrients to the ocean surface are thought to be significant. Currently, limited data sets of atmospheric deposition (AD) exist for tropical ecosystems in the region. Furthermore, there is a lack of reliable experimental data on AD of nitrogen (N) & phosphorus (P) in tropical environments. It is therefore imperative to quantify the AD of macro-nutrients, N and P species in order to estimate their impacts on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, field measurements of nitrite, nitrate, ammonium, total N (TN), phosphate and total P (TP) were made, in both airborne particulate matter and precipitation, from January 2006 to July 2006 in Singapore. These measurements were done to characterize and estimate the difference between DAD and WAD fluxes of N & P to coastal waters. The estimated loadings from DAD and WAD (g/m2/year) of TN were 1.011±0.441 and 7.052±4.34 and those of TP were 0.187±0.16 and 0.532±0.524, respectively. This investigation represents a baseline study to access environmental effects of AD of nutrients on the coastal aquatic ecosystem.

Identification of nitrate sources in Taihu Lake and its major inflow rivers in China, using δ15N-NO3− and δ18O-NO3− values

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Xiang Chen ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Wei-Guo Liu ◽  
Michael H. W. Lam ◽  
Gui-Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

In the present study, δ15N and δ18O-NO3− values, as well as concentrations of some major ion tracers were determined in seasonal water samples from Taihu Lake and major watersheds to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of nitrate sources and assess the underlying nitrogen (N) biogeochemistry process. The results lead to the conclusion that the nitrate concentrations in Taihu Lake are lower in summer than that in winter due to the dilution effect of wet deposition. In winter, sewage and manure were the primary nitrate sources in major inflow rivers and North Taihu Lake (NTL), while nitrate sources in East Taihu Lake (ETL) probably derived from soil organic N. In summer, atmospheric deposition and sewage/manure inputs appear to play an important role in controlling the distribution of nitrates in the whole lake. The δ18O-NO3− values suggest that the nitrate produced from microbial nitrification is another major nitrate source during both winter and summer months. The variations in isotopic values in nitrate suggest denitrification enriched the heavier isotopes of nitrate in NTL in winter and in ETL in summer.

Examination of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water samples and fecal specimens in Taiwan

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
B-M. Hsu ◽  
C. Huang ◽  
Y-F. Hsu ◽  
C-L.L. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean

Giardia and Cryptosporidium have emerged as waterborne pathogens of concern over the past few decades. Twenty-nine source water samples were collected from water treatment facilities and checked for the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium along with some water quality parameters. These facilities include ten large-scale treatment plants near major metropolitan areas, and eight simple facilities in small and secluded communities. The indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used for the detection of cysts and oocysts in water samples. In addition, fecal specimens were collected from watersheds providing source water for the treatment plants, and the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was detected with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA). The mean concentrations of protozoa in large-scale plants were 66.6 cysts/100 litres and 89.2 oocysts/100 litres, whilesimple facilities contained 1.27 cysts/100 litres and 0.28 oocysts/100 litres, respectively. The concentrations of these two parasites exhibit the highest correlation with turbidity than any other water quality parameters. Amongthe 101 fecal specimens, eleven were positive for Giardia and 22 were positive for Cryptosporidium. It was also found that the occurrence of these two pathogens in the source water was directly linked to the surrounding farming activities, suggesting that farming activities should be kept at a certain distance from the watersheds.

Response of Headwater Lakes to Varying Atmospheric Deposition in North-Central Ontario, 1979–85

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1905-1911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. M. Kelso ◽  
D. S. Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
North Central ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Turkey Lakes Watershed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Deposition

Between 1976 and 1985, loadings of SO42− to the Algoma district (north-central Ontario) varied from a low of 47 (1980) to a high of 84 meq∙m−2 (1978) and was low in years of low annual precipitation. The mean and median lake concentrations of H+ and SO42− in 54 lakes declined between 1979 and 1982 following the period of lowest annual deposition and declined further between 1982 and 1985. Overall, mean lake pH increased 0.35 unit between 1979 and 1982 and an additional 0.07 unit over the next 3 yr. Lake concentrations in the Turkey Lakes watershed exhibited a similar trend. Two lakes without fish in 1979 and with pH's < 5.5 developed white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) populations by 1986 with ages indicating that survival began after 1980. This apparent invasion from downstream populations probably occurred when lake pH's neared 5.5. Although a direct link has not been established, these lakes appear to be extremely responsive to changes in atmospheric deposition. The "recovery" of water quality clearly extends beyond that locally documented at Sudbury, Ontario, yet it remains to be determined to what degree the responses relate to differences in continental deposition and/or responses within the watershed.

Unintended consequences of biofuels production?The effects of large-scale crop conversion on water quality and quantity

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Welch ◽  
Christopher T. Green ◽  
Richard A. Rebich ◽  
Jeannie R.B. Barlow ◽  
Matthew B. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Water Quality And Quantity

Water quality status of rivers in the coastal city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Markus T Lasut ◽  
Adianse Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quality Status

A study on water quality status of three riverine systems, S. Bailang (SB), S. Maasing (SM), and S. Tondano (ST), in coastal city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province, has been conducted to measure several water quality parameters, to analyse source and quality of wastewater discharge, and to assess the status of the rivers related to the water quality. Measurement of the parameters was conducted using three indicators, i.e. organic (BOD5) and in-organic (N-NO3 and P-PO4), and pathogenic microorganism (Escherichia coli [EC] and total coliform [TC]). The result showed that the level of water quality varied between the rivers. The average level of water quality (based on the observed parameters) in SB, respectively, was 0.317 mg/l, 0.093 mg/l, 2 mg/l, >2420 MPN, and  >2420 MPN; in SM, respectively, was 0.029 mg/l, 1.859 mg/l, 17.7 mg/l, >2420 MPN, and >2420 MPN; and in ST, respectively, was 0.299 mg/l, 0.252 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, >2420 MPN, and >2420 MPN. The level of water quality between the rivers was not significantly different (p>0.05), except based on the parameter of N-NO3 which was significantly different (p<0.01). The status of the observed rivers varied based on the classes of their water utilities (according to the Government Regulation of Indonesia, No. 82, 2001); mostly was "unsuitable". Kajian tentang status kualitas air di 3 perairan sungai di kota pesisir Manado, S. Bailang (SB), S. Maasing (SM), dan S. Tondano (ST), Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, telah dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk mengukur beberapa parameter kualitas air, menganalisis sumber dan kualitas buangan limbah domestik, dan menilai status ketiga perairan sungai tersebut. Tiga indikator digunakan, yaitu: bahan organik (BOD5), bahan anorganik (N-NO3 dan P-PO4), dan mikroorganisme patogenik (Escherichia coli [EC] dan coliform total [TC]). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kualitas air perairan tersebut berbeda-beda. Konsentrasi rerata parameter kualitas air  (BOD5, N-NO3, P-PO4, EC, dan TC) di SB, berturut-turut, sebesar 0.317 mg/l, 0.093 mg/l, 2 mg/l, >2420 MPN, dan >2420 MPN; di SM, berturut-turut, sebesar 0.029 mg/l, 1.859 mg/l, 17.7 mg/l, >2420 MPN, dan >2420 MPN; dan di ST, berturut-turut, sebesar 0.299 mg/l, 0.252 mg/l, 3.5 mg/l, >2420 MPN, dan >2420 MPN. Konsentrasi kualitas air ketiga sungai tersebut tidak berbeda secara signifikan (p>0.05), kecuali parameter N-NO3 (p<0.01). Secara umum, kondisi kualitas air ketiga sungai tersebut, menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82, 2001) berada dalam status “tidak cocok” untuk peruntukannya.

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