scholarly journals Full-azimuthal imaging-DOAS observations of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> during CINDI-2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno Peters ◽  
Mareike Ostendorf ◽  
Tim Bösch ◽  
André Seyler ◽  
Anja Schönhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Azimuthal Distribution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Measurement Site ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Instrument Impact

Abstract. A novel imaging-DOAS instrument (IMPACT) is presented combining full-azimuthal pointing (360°) with a large vertical coverage (~ 40°). Complete panoramic scans are acquired at a temporal resolution of ~ 15 minutes enabling the retrieval of NO2 vertical profiles over the entire panorama around the measurement site. IMPACT showed excellent agreement (correlation > 99 %) with coinciding MAX-DOAS measurements during the CINDI-2 campaign. The temporal variability of NO2 slant columns within a typical MAX-DOAS vertical scanning sequence could be resolved and was as large as 20 % in a case study under good viewing conditions. The variation of corresponding profiles and surface concentrations were even larger (40 %). This variability is missed when retrieving trace gas profiles based on standard MAX-DOAS measurements. The azimuthal distribution of NO2 around the measurement site showed inhomogeneities (relative differences) up to 120 % (on average 35 %) on short time scales (individual panoramic scans). This is more than expected taking into account the semi-rural location. One reason for this are transport events. Exploiting the instrument's advantages, the plume's trajectory during a prominent transport event could be reconstructed. Furthermore, the potential of retrieving information about the aerosol phase function from O4 slant columns along multiple almucantar scans of IMPACT is demonstrated, with promising results for future studies.

scholarly journals Full-azimuthal imaging-DOAS observations of NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>4</sub> during CINDI-2

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 4171-4190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enno Peters ◽  
Mareike Ostendorf ◽  
Tim Bösch ◽  
André Seyler ◽  
Anja Schönhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gas ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Azimuthal Distribution ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Measurement Site ◽  
Atmospheric Observations ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Instrument Impact

Abstract. A novel imaging-DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instrument IMPACT (Imaging MaPper for AtmospheriC observaTions) is presented combining full-azimuthal pointing (360∘) with a large vertical coverage (∼41∘). Complete panoramic scans are acquired at a temporal resolution of ∼15 min, enabling the retrieval of NO2 vertical profiles over the entire panorama around the measurement site. IMPACT showed excellent agreement (correlation >99 %) with coincident multiaxis DOAS (MAX-DOAS) measurements during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison of Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) campaign. The temporal variability of NO2 slant columns within a typical MAX-DOAS vertical scanning sequence could be resolved and was as large as 20 % in a case study under good viewing conditions. The variation of corresponding profiles and surface concentrations was even larger (40 %). This variability is missed when retrieving trace gas profiles based on standard MAX-DOAS measurements. The azimuthal distribution of NO2 around the measurement site showed inhomogeneities (relative differences) up to 120 % (on average 35 %) on short timescales (individual panoramic scans). This is more than expected for the semirural location. We explain this behavior by the transport of pollution. Exploiting the instrument's advantages, the plume's trajectory during a prominent transport event could be reconstructed. Finally, the potential for retrieving information about the aerosol phase function from O4 slant columns along multiple almucantar scans of IMPACT is demonstrated, with promising results for future studies.

Optimales Layout einer Walderschliessung

2016 ◽  
Vol 167 (5) ◽  
pp. 294-301
Author(s):  
Leo Bont
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Problem Situation ◽  
Optimal Layout ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Short Time

Optimal layout of a forest road network The road network is the backbone of forest management. When creating or redesigning a forest road network, one important question is how to shape the layout, this means to fix the spatial arrangement and the dimensioning standard of the roads. We consider two kinds of layout problems. First, new forest road network in an area without any such development yet, and second, redesign of existing road network for actual requirements. For each problem situation, we will present a method that allows to detect automatically the optimal road and harvesting layout. The method aims to identify a road network that concurrently minimizes the harvesting cost, the road network cost (construction and maintenance) and the hauling cost over the entire life cycle. Ecological issues can be considered as well. The method will be presented and discussed with the help of two case studies. The main benefit of the application of optimization tools consists in an objective-based planning, which allows to check and compare different scenarios and objectives within a short time. The responses coming from the case study regions were highly positive: practitioners suggest to make those methods a standard practice and to further develop the prototype to a user-friendly expert software.

scholarly journals ArcGIS Urban: an application for plan assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Soward ◽  
Jianling Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Comprehensive Plans ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

AbstractMost cities in the United States rely on zoning to address important planning-related issues within their jurisdictions. Planners often use GIS tools to analyze these issues in a spatial context. ESRI’s ArcGIS Urban software seeks to provide the planning profession with a GIS-based solution for various challenges, including zoning’s impacts on the built environment and housing capacity.This research explores the use of ArcGIS Urban for assessing the existing zoning and comprehensive plans in meeting the projected residential growth in the near future using the City of Arlington, Texas as a case study. The exploration provides examples and lessons for how ArcGIS Urban might be used by planners to accomplish their tasks and highlights the capabilities and limitations of ArcGIS Urban in its current stand. The paper is concluded with some suggestions for future studies.

scholarly journals The Potential of GRASP/GARRLiC Retrievals for Dust Aerosol Model Evaluation: Case Study during the PreTECT Campaign

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Dimitra Konsta ◽  
Alexandra Tsekeri ◽  
Stavros Solomos ◽  
Nikolaos Siomos ◽  
Anna Gialitaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Evaluation ◽  
Dust Concentration ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Sun Photometer

We use the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol Surface Properties algorithm (GRASP) to compare with dust concentration profiles derived from the NMME-DREAM model for a specific dust episode. The GRASP algorithm provides the possibility of deriving columnar and vertically-resolved aerosol properties from a combination of lidar and sun-photometer observations. Herein, we apply GRASP for analysis of a Saharan dust outburst observed during the “PREparatory: does dust TriboElectrification affect our ClimaTe” campaign (PreTECT) that took place at the North coast of Crete, at the Finokalia ACTRIS station. GRASP provides column-averaged and vertically resolved microphysical and optical properties of the particles. The retrieved dust concentration profiles are compared with modeled concentration profiles derived from the NMME-DREAM dust model. To strengthen the results, we use dust concentration profiles from the POlarization-LIdar PHOtometer Networking method (POLIPHON). A strong underestimation of the maximum dust concentration is observed from the NMME-DREAM model. The reported differences between the retrievals and the model indicate a high potential of the GRASP algorithm for future studies of dust model evaluation.

Implementation of medium voltage remote controlled switches to improve quality performance indexes – a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Santos ◽  
Wagner Santos ◽  
Guilherme Cestaro ◽  
Marcio Zamboti Fortes ◽  
Henrique Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Operation Center

AbstractThe growing demand for quality in the Energy Distribution Service, both by consumers and by regulatory agencies, obliges most distribution utilities to apply technologies that can be easily implemented and produce results in a short term horizon. The telecontrol technology is an essential tool every time it is necessary to fast restore the energy supply. This technology, which is completely supervised and controlled by the system operation center, allows the fast detection of a fault at a distance and switch an equipment without the aid of the operating crew, thus reducing the time that the power supply is unavailable. The present paper describes a Telecontrol Project, incorporated in an electric energy distribution utility in Brazil and compares the results in quality improvement with others usual investment actions, such as operating and maintenance procedures, laterals protection and network reinforcement. This paper shows, analyzing the results, that to improve the reliability indexes in a short time, when the company’s economic recovery is more important, the application of remotely controlled switch is more effective.

scholarly journals Temporal Variations of the Turbulence Profiles at the Sayan Solar Observatory Site

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Shikhovtsev ◽  
Pavel Kovadlo ◽  
Vladimir Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Solar Observatory ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Atmospheric Disturbances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The paper focuses on the development of the method to estimate the mean characteristics of the atmospheric turbulence. Using an approach based on the shape of the energy spectrum of atmospheric turbulence over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the vertical profiles of optical turbulence are calculated. The temporal variability of the vertical profiles of turbulence under different low-frequency atmospheric disturbances is considered.

USING IDIOBLASTS TO GROUP LAURINOXYLON SPECIES: CASE STUDY FROM THE OLIGO-MIOCENE OF EUROPE

IAWA Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Mantzouka ◽  
Vasileios Karakitsios ◽  
Jakub Sakala ◽  
Elisabeth A. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Wood ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Of Greece

Several specimens of Lauraceae fossil wood from the Cenozoic of Greece (southern part of Lesbos), the Czech Republic (Kadaň-Zadní Vrch Hill and Jáchymov), and Hungary (Ipolytarnóc) were studied. When considering whether they belonged to the speciose fossil wood genus Laurinoxylon, we reviewed the literature and data from InsideWood on fossil and modern woods. As a result, we propose criteria for excluding a fossil Lauraceae wood from Laurinoxylon and list the species that should be excluded from this genus. The criteria (filters) proposed to exclude a genus from having relationships with Laurinoxylon are: A. Axial parenchyma features: A1. Marginal axial parenchyma, A2. Aliform to aliform-confluent paratracheal parenchyma. B. Ray features: B1. Rays higher than 1 mm, B2. Exclusively homocellular rays, B3. Rays more than 5 cells wide, B4. Rays storied. C. Porosity features: Ring-porous. D. Idioblasts: Absence of idioblasts. Based on the distribution of idioblasts, we recognize four groups in Laurinoxylon (Type 1 - with idioblasts associated only with ray parenchyma cells, Type 2a - with idioblasts associated with both ray and axial parenchyma, Type 2b - with idioblasts associated both with rays and present among the fibres, and Type 3 - with idioblasts associated with ray and axial parenchyma and also among the fibres) and list the extant genera with features of those groups. Such grouping helps with interpreting the relationships of fossil lauraceous woods with extant genera. We discuss the Oligocene–Miocene European species that belong to these Laurinoxylon groups, noting that some warrant reassignment to different genera or even families. Future studies are needed to determine whether new genera should be established to accommodate these species. We propose the new combination Cinnamomoxylon variabile (Privé-Gill & Pelletier) Mantzouka, Karakitsios, Sakala & Wheeler.

Comparison of aerosol vertical profiles derived by passive and active remote sensing techniques—a case study

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (39) ◽  
pp. 6679-6685 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Padma Kumari ◽  
A.L. Londhe ◽  
H.K. Trimbake ◽  
D.B. Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques
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