scholarly journals Lithium-ion battery models: a comparative study and a model-based powerline communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fida Saidani ◽  
Franz X. Hutter ◽  
Rares-George Scurtu ◽  
Wolfgang Braunwarth ◽  
Joachim N. Burghartz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Chemical System ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Powerline Communication ◽  
Li Ion

Abstract. In this work, various Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery models are evaluated according to their accuracy, complexity and physical interpretability. An initial classification into physical, empirical and abstract models is introduced. Also known as white, black and grey boxes, respectively, the nature and characteristics of these model types are compared. Since the Li-ion battery cell is a thermo-electro-chemical system, the models are either in the thermal or in the electrochemical state-space. Physical models attempt to capture key features of the physical process inside the cell. Empirical models describe the system with empirical parameters offering poor analytical, whereas abstract models provide an alternative representation. In addition, a model selection guideline is proposed based on applications and design requirements. A complex model with a detailed analytical insight is of use for battery designers but impractical for real-time applications and in situ diagnosis. In automotive applications, an abstract model reproducing the battery behavior in an equivalent but more practical form, mainly as an equivalent circuit diagram, is recommended for the purpose of battery management. As a general rule, a trade-off should be reached between the high fidelity and the computational feasibility. Especially if the model is embedded in a real-time monitoring unit such as a microprocessor or a FPGA, the calculation time and memory requirements rise dramatically with a higher number of parameters. Moreover, examples of equivalent circuit models of Lithium-ion batteries are covered. Equivalent circuit topologies are introduced and compared according to the previously introduced criteria. An experimental sequence to model a 20 Ah cell is presented and the results are used for the purposes of powerline communication.

Real-Time Estimation of Lithium-Ion Concentration in Both Electrodes of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Utilizing Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satadru Dey ◽  
Beshah Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
Real Time Estimation ◽  
Li Ion

This paper proposes and demonstrates an estimation scheme for Li-ion concentrations in both electrodes of a Li-ion battery cell. The well-known observability deficiencies in the two-electrode electrochemical models of Li-ion battery cells are first overcome by extending them with a thermal evolution model. Essentially, coupling of electrochemical–thermal dynamics emerging from the fact that the lithium concentrations contribute to the entropic heat generation is utilized to overcome the observability issue. Then, an estimation scheme comprised of a cascade of a sliding-mode observer and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is constructed that exploits the resulting structure of the coupled model. The approach gives new real-time estimation capabilities for two often-sought pieces of information about a battery cell: (1) estimation of cell-capacity and (2) tracking the capacity loss due to degradation mechanisms such as lithium plating. These capabilities are possible since the two-electrode model needs not be reduced further to a single-electrode model by adding Li conservation assumptions, which do not hold with long-term operation. Simulation studies are included for the validation of the proposed scheme. Effect of measurement noise and parametric uncertainties is also included in the simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.

scholarly journals A New All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Working without a Separator in an Electrolyte

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seonggyu Cho ◽  
Shinho Kim ◽  
Wonho Kim ◽  
Seok Kim ◽  
Sungsook Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
System Development ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
Li Ion

Considering the safety issues of Li ion batteries, all-solid-state polymer electrolyte has been one of the promising solutions. In this point, achieving a Li ion conductivity in the solid state electrolytes comparable to liquid electrolytes (>1 mS/cm) is particularly challenging. Employment of polyethylene oxide (PEO) solid electrolyte has not been not enough in this point due to high crystallinity. In this study, hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) systems are designed with Li1.3Al0.3Ti0.7(PO4)3(LATP), PEO and Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) or Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). Hybrid solid cathode (HSC) is also designed using LATP, PEO and lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO)—lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, LMO). The designed HSE system displays 3.0 × 10−4 S/cm (55 ℃) and 1.8 × 10−3 S/cm (23 ℃) with an electrochemical stability as of 6.0 V without any separation layer introduction. Li metal (anode)/HSE/HSC cell in this study displays initial charge capacity as of 123.4/102.7 mAh/g (55 ℃) and 73/57 mAh/g (25 °C). To these systems, Succinonitrile (SN) has been incorporated as a plasticizer for practical secondary Li ion battery system development to enhance ionic conductivity. The incorporated SN effectively increases the ionic conductivity without any leakage and short-circuits even under broken cell condition. The developed system also overcomes the typical disadvantages of internal resistance induced by Ti ion reduction. In this study, optimized ionic conductivity and low internal resistance inside the Li ion battery cell have been obtained, which suggests a new possibility in the secondary Li ion battery development.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Equivalent Circuit Models Performance in Four Common Lithium-Ion Batteries: LFP, NMC, LMO, NCA

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Manh-Kien Tran ◽  
Andre DaCosta ◽  
Anosh Mevawalla ◽  
Satyam Panchal ◽  
Michael Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Modeling ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
And Control

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are an important component of energy storage systems used in various applications such as electric vehicles and portable electronics. There are many chemistries of Li-ion battery, but LFP, NMC, LMO, and NCA are four commonly used types. In order for the battery applications to operate safely and effectively, battery modeling is very important. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) is a battery model often used in the battery management system (BMS) to monitor and control Li-ion batteries. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate the performance of three different ECMs (1RC, 2RC, and 1RC with hysteresis) on four Li-ion battery chemistries (LFP, NMC, LMO, and NCA). The results indicated that all three models are usable for the four types of Li-ion chemistries, with low errors. It was also found that the ECMs tend to perform better in dynamic current profiles compared to non-dynamic ones. Overall, the best-performed model for LFP and NCA was the 1RC with hysteresis ECM, while the most suited model for NMC and LMO was the 1RC ECM. The results from this study showed that different ECMs would be suited for different Li-ion battery chemistries, which should be an important factor to be considered in real-world battery and BMS applications.

A Diagnostic Scheme for Detection, Isolation and Estimation of Electrochemical Faults in Lithium-Ion Cells

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satadru Dey ◽  
Beshah Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Battery Management ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Sliding Mode Observers

Improvement of the safety and reliability of the Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery operation is one of the key tasks for advanced Battery Management Systems (BMSs). It is critical for BMSs to be able to diagnose battery electrochemical faults that can potentially lead to catastrophic failures. In this paper, an observer-based fault diagnosis scheme is presented that can detect, isolate and estimate some internal electrochemical faults. The scheme uses a reduced-order electrochemical-thermal model for a Li-ion battery cell. The paper first presents a modeling framework where the electrochemical faults are modeled as parametric faults. Then, multiple sliding mode observers are incorporated in the diagnostic scheme. The design and selection of the observer gains as well as the convergence of the observers are verified theoretically via Lyapunov’s direct method. Finally, the performance of the observer-based diagnostic scheme is illustrated via simulation studies.

Physics-Based State of Health Estimation of Lithium-Ion Battery Using Sequential Experimental Design

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hui Lui ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Mohammadkazem Sadoughi ◽  
Chao Hu ◽  
Shan Hu
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Sampling Process ◽  
Li Ion

State of health (SOH) estimation is a critical yet challenging task due to the complex degradation process of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. This paper proposes to combine physics-based modeling of Li-ion battery and sequential design of simulation experiments to build an accurate SOH estimator in a computationally efficient manner. A novel sequential backward optimization process is adopted to build a multivariate Gaussian process model that quantifies three degradation modes in a Li-ion battery cell: loss of lithium inventory and losses of active materials in the positive and negative electrodes. The sequential process for the design of simulation experiments is realized via the use of an acquisition function, the maximization of which gives rise to a new sample point in the design space for the next experiment. The acquisition function achieves an optimal balance between exploration of new regions in the design space with high prediction uncertainty and exploitation of challenging regions with high response nonlinearity. The preliminary results from COMSOL Multiphysics degradation scenario simulations show that the SOH estimator designed with the sequential sampling process can provide faster error decay in degradation estimation when compared to that without the sequential sampling process.

scholarly journals A Review of State of Health Estimation of Energy Storage Systems: Challenges and Possible Solutions for Futuristic Applications of Li-Ion Battery Packs in Electric Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Bijoy Sarmah ◽  
Pankaj Kalita ◽  
Akhil Garg ◽  
Xiao-dong Niu ◽  
Xing-Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Li Ion

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack is vital for storage of energy produced from different sources and has been extensively used for various applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), watches, cookers, etc. For an efficient real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of battery operated systems, it is important to have a quantified information on the state-of-health (SoH) of batteries. This paper conducts comprehensive literature studies on advancement, challenges, concerns, and futuristic aspects of models and methods for SoH estimation of batteries. Based on the studies, the methods and models for SoH estimation have been summarized systematically with their advantages and disadvantages in tabular format. The prime emphasis of this review was attributed toward the development of a hybridized method which computes SoH of batteries accurately in real-time and takes self-discharge into its account. At the end, the summary of research findings and the future directions of research such as nondestructive tests (NDT) for real-time estimation of battery SoH, finding residual SoH for the recycled batteries from battery packs, integration of mechanical aspects of battery with temperature, easy assembling–dissembling of battery packs, and hybridization of battery packs with photovoltaic and super capacitor are discussed.

scholarly journals Real Time Design and Implementation of State of Charge Estimators for a Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Cobalt Battery with Applicability in HEVs/EVs—A Comparative Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolae Tudoroiu ◽  
Mohammed Zaheeruddin ◽  
Roxana-Elena Tudoroiu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Soc Estimation ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Li Ion

Estimating the state of charge (SOC) of Li-ion batteries is an essential task of battery management systems for hybrid and electric vehicles. Encouraged by some preliminary results from the control systems field, the goal of this work is to design and implement in a friendly real-time MATLAB simulation environment two Li-ion battery SOC estimators, using as a case study a rechargeable battery of 5.4 Ah cobalt lithium-ion type. The choice of cobalt Li-ion battery model is motivated by its promising potential for future developments in the HEV/EVs applications. The model validation is performed using the software package ADVISOR 3.2, widely spread in the automotive industry. Rigorous performance analysis of both SOC estimators is done in terms of speed convergence, estimation accuracy and robustness, based on the MATLAB simulation results. The particularity of this research work is given by the results of its comprehensive and exciting comparative study that successfully achieves all the goals proposed by the research objectives. In this scientific research study, a practical MATLAB/Simscape battery model is adopted and validated based on the results obtained from three different driving cycles tests and is in accordance with the required specifications. In the new modelling version, it is a simple and accurate model, easy to implement in real-time and offers beneficial support for the design and MATLAB implementation of both SOC estimators. Also, the adaptive extended Kalman filter SOC estimation performance is excellent and comparable to those presented in the state-of-the-art SOC estimation methods analysis.

Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress in a Lithium-Ion Battery

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wu ◽  
Xinran Xiao ◽  
Danghe Shi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Li Ion

This paper presents a finite element based multi-scale model for a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cell. The model considers multi-physics including battery kinetics, diffusion, thermal and stress analysis. In battery thermal analysis, the heat source is critical. In this model, both resistive and entropic heating were considered. Simulations were carried out for a LiC6/LiPF6/LiyMn2O4 cell under a discharge-charge cycle. The heat generations due to these two heat sources were compared. The thermal stress was computed and compared with the intercalation stress for individual battery components. Within the electrode particles, the thermal induced stress was negligible. In the separator, however, the thermal induced stress was comparable or even higher than the stress caused by intercalation deformation of the electrode particles.

scholarly journals A Real-Time Scheduling Approach to Mitigation of Li-Ion Battery Aging in Low Earth Orbit Satellite Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Seongik Jang ◽  
Hoeseok Yang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Scheduling Policies ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Real Time Scheduling ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Impact

Thanks to their higher performance compared to conventional batteries, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have recently become popular as a power source in many electronic systems. However, Li-ion batteries are known to suffer from an aging issue: the available capacity is gradually degraded as the operation goes by. The impact of aging is particularly critical to satellite systems where no maintenance is available after the initial deployment. Recently, a real-time scheduling framework was proposed to decelerate the aging of Li-ion batteries. However, this framework simply relies on the fact that the elevated temperature results in a worse lifespan of the battery. In contrast to this, in this paper, we argue that the reduced temperature may actually cause an adverse effect in the battery lifetime when considering satellite environments. To evidently demonstrate this anomaly, we extend an open-source Li-ion battery aging simulator to consider the temperature-dependent aging characteristics of the Li-ion batteries. Then, a couple of alternative scheduling policies that better suit the target satellite systems are evaluated in the simulator in comparison with the existing scheduling policies. Our simulation results show that the existing scheduling method, which does not consider the satellite temperature environments, rather deteriorates the lifespan of battery and the proposed scheduling technique can extend the lifespan by up to 65.51%.

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