scholarly journals Contrasting photosynthetic characteristics of forest vs. savanna species (Far North Queensland, Australia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7331-7347 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Bloomfield ◽  
T. F. Domingues ◽  
G. Saiz ◽  
M. I. Bird ◽  
D. M. Crayn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Far North

Abstract. Forest and savanna are the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical regions with very few tree species common to both. At a broad scale, it has long been recognised that the distributions of these two biomes are principally governed by precipitation and its seasonality, but with soil physical and chemical properties also potentially important. For tree species drawn from a range of forest and savanna sites in tropical Far North Queensland, Australia, we compared leaf traits of photosynthetic capacity, structure and nutrient concentrations. Area-based photosynthetic capacity was higher for the savanna species with a steeper slope to the photosynthesis ↔ nitrogen (N) relationship compared with the forest group. Higher leaf mass per unit leaf area for the savanna trees derived from denser rather than thicker leaves and did not appear to restrict rates of light-saturated photosynthesis when expressed on either an area or mass basis. Median ratios of foliar N to phosphorus (P) were relatively high (>20) at all sites, but we found no evidence for a dominant P limitation of photosynthesis for either forest or savanna trees. A parsimonious mixed-effects model of area-based photosynthetic capacity retained vegetation type and both N and P as explanatory terms. Resulting model-fitted predictions suggested a good fit to the observed data (R2 = 0.82). The model's random component found variation in area-based photosynthetic response to be much greater among species (71% of response variance) than across sites (9%). These results suggest that, on a leaf-area basis, savanna trees of Far North Queensland, Australia, are capable of photosynthetically outperforming forest species at their common boundaries.

scholarly journals Contrasting photosynthetic characteristics of forest vs. savanna species (far North Queensland, Australia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 8969-9011 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Bloomfield ◽  
T. F. Domingues ◽  
G. Saiz ◽  
M. I. Bird ◽  
D. M. Crayn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Far North

Abstract. Forest and savanna are the two dominant vegetation types of the tropical regions with very few tree species common to both. Aside from precipitation patterns, boundaries between these two vegetation types are strongly determined by soil characteristics and nutrient availability. For tree species drawn from a range of forest and savanna sites in tropical far north Queensland, Australia, we compared leaf traits of photosynthetic capacity, structure and nutrient concentrations. Area-based photosynthetic capacity was higher for the savanna species with a steeper slope to the photosynthesis ↔ Nitrogen relationship compared with the forest group. Higher leaf mass per unit leaf area for the savanna trees derived from denser rather than thicker leaves and did not appear to restrict rates of light-saturated photosynthesis when expressed on either an area- or mass-basis. Median ratios of foliar N to phosphorus were above 20 at all sites, but we found no evidence for a dominant P-limitation of photosynthesis for the forest group. A parsimonious mixed-effects model of area-based photosynthetic capacity retained vegetation type and both N and P as explanatory terms. Resulting model-fitted predictions suggested a good fit to the observed data (R2 = 0.82). The model's random component found variation in area-based photosynthetic response to be much greater among species (71% of response variance) than across sites (9%). These results suggest that in leaf area-based photosynthetic terms, savanna trees of far north Queensland, Australia are capable of out-performing forest species at their common boundaries1. 1 Adopted symbols and abbreviations are defined in Table 5.

scholarly journals Leaf traits and gas exchange in saplings of native tree species in the Central Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Rego Mendes ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Marenco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content

Global climate models predict changes on the length of the dry season in the Amazon which may affect tree physiology. The aims of this work were to determine the effect of the rainfall regime and fraction of sky visible (FSV) at the forest understory on leaf traits and gas exchange of ten rainforest tree species in the Central Amazon, Brazil. We also examined the relationship between specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), and leaf nitrogen content on photosynthetic parameters. Data were collected in January (rainy season) and August (dry season) of 2008. A diurnal pattern was observed for light saturated photosynthesis (Amax) and stomatal conductance (g s), and irrespective of species, Amax was lower in the dry season. However, no effect of the rainfall regime was observed on g s nor on the photosynthetic capacity (Apot, measured at saturating [CO2]). Apot and leaf thickness increased with FSV, the converse was true for the FSV-SLA relationship. Also, a positive relationship was observed between Apot per unit leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, and between Apot per unit mass and SLA. Although the rainfall regime only slightly affects soil moisture, photosynthetic traits seem to be responsive to rainfall-related environmental factors, which eventually lead to an effect on Amax. Finally, we report that little variation in FSV seems to affect leaf physiology (Apot) and leaf anatomy (leaf thickness).

scholarly journals Shifting from acquisitive to conservative: the effects of Phoradendron affine (Santalaceae) infection in leaf morpho-physiological traits of a Neotropical tree species

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Corrêa Scalon ◽  
Sabrina Alves dos Reis ◽  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Leaf Area And Thickness

Mistletoes are parasitic plants that penetrate the host branches through a modified root and connect to their xylem to acquire nutrients and water. Under mistletoe infection, resources that would otherwise be used by the host are stolen by the parasite. Our aim was to compare leaf morpho-physiological traits between healthy uninfected branches and mistletoe-infected branches of a Neotropical tree species (Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos – Bignoniaceae). We also investigated differences between mistletoe and host leaf traits. Morphological (petiole length and thickness, leaf area and thickness, and specific leaf area) and physiological leaf traits (pre-dawn and midday water potential) were measured in 10 individuals infected with the mistletoe Phoradendron affine (Pohl ex DC.) Engl. & K.Krause (Santalaceae). Mistletoes showed smaller and thicker leaves with lower pre-dawn and midday water potential, suggesting that mistletoes are more profligate water users than the host. Host leaves from infected branches were scleromorphic and showed stronger water-use control (less negative water potential) than host leaves from uninfected branches. Our results indicated that leaves from infected branches shifted to a more conservative resource-use strategy as a response to a water and nutrient imbalance caused by mistletoe infection.

scholarly journals Variability of leaf characteristics in different pedunculate oak genotypes (Ouercus robur L)

2006 ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Nikolic ◽  
Borivoj Krstic ◽  
Slobodanka Pajevic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The objective of this study was to determine genotype influences on pedunculate oak's leaf traits: leaf area, specific leaf area (leaf area per unit of leaf mass), concentration of photosynthetic pigments, rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and nutrient concentrations (nitrogen phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and sodium). Leaf samples were taken from seventeen Q. robur genotypes originating from clonal seed orchard Banov Brod (Srem, Vojvodina, Serbia). Leaf area of the studied genotypes ranged from 248.4 to 628.8 cm2, SLA from 109.4 to 160.7 cm2 dry matter-1, rates of photosynthesis and respiration from 6.98 to 20.32 and from 6.73 to 14.65 ?mol O2 m-2 s-1, respectively. The leaves of genotype 35 contained the highest concentration of photosynthetic pigments, while the lowest were recorded in genotype 29. The following pattern of nutrient concentrations was obtained for the studied genotypes: N>Ca>K>P>Na. Genotype variability of P K, Ca, and Na concentrations was more pronounced when compared with nitrogen. Estimated quantitative differences are the consequence of interaction of certain genotype and common environmental conditions for all trees. These results will provide information on intraspecific variation of the studied leaf characteristics.

scholarly journals El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the water relations of tree species in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Palomo-Kumul ◽  
Mirna Valdez-Hernández ◽  
Gerald A. Islebe ◽  
Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽  
José Luis Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of ENSO 2015/16 on the water relations of eight tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The functional traits: wood density, relative water content in wood, xylem water potential and specific leaf area were recorded during the rainy season and compared in three consecutive years: 2015 (pre-ENSO conditions), 2016 (ENSO conditions) and 2017 (post-ENSO conditions). We analyzed tree size on the capacity to respond to water deficit, considering young and mature trees, and if this response is distinctive in species with different leaf patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests distributed along a precipitation gradient (700–1200 mm year−1). These traits showed a strong decrease in all species in response to water stress in 2016, mainly in the driest site. Deciduous species had lower wood density, higher predawn water potential and higher specific leaf area than evergreen species. In all cases, mature trees were more tolerant to drought. In the driest site, there was a significant reduction in water status, regardless of their leaf phenology, indicating that seasonally dry tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ENSO. Vulnerability of deciduous species is intensified in the driest areas and in the youngest trees.

Nutrient cycling differs between cropped soils with century-old and recently pyrolyzed biochar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Burgeon ◽  
Julien Fouché ◽  
Sarah Garré ◽  
Ramin Heidarian-Dehkordi ◽  
Gilles Colinet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

<p>The amendment of biochar to soils is often considered for its potential as a climate change mitigation and adaptation tool through agriculture. Its presence in tropical agroecosystems has been reported to positively impact soil productivity whilst successfully storing C on the short and long-term. In temperate systems, recent research showed limited to no effect on productivity following recent biochar addition to soils. Its long-term effects on productivity and nutrient cycling have, however, been overlooked yet are essential before the use of biochar can be generalized.</p><p>Our study was set up in a conventionally cropped field, containing relict charcoal kiln sites used as a model for century old biochar (CoBC, ~220 years old). These sites were compared to soils amended with recently pyrolyzed biochar (YBC) and biochar free soils (REF) to study nutrient dynamics in the soil-water-plant system. Our research focused on soil chemical properties, crop nutrient uptake and soil solution nutrient concentrations. Crop plant samples were collected over three consecutive land occupations (chicory, winter wheat and a cover crop) and soil solutions gathered through the use of suctions cups inserted in different horizons of the studied Luvisol throughout the field.</p><p>Our results showed that YBC mainly influenced the soil solution composition whereas CoBC mainly impacted the total and plant available soil nutrient content. In soils with YBC, our results showed lower nitrate and potassium concentrations in subsoil horizons, suggesting a decreased leaching, and higher phosphate concentrations in topsoil horizons. With time and the oxidation of biochar particles, our results reported higher total soil N, available K and Ca in the topsoil horizon when compared to REF, whereas available P was significantly smaller. Although significant changes occurred in terms of plant available nutrient contents and soil solution nutrient concentrations, this did not transcend in variations in crop productivity between soils for neither of the studied crops. Overall, our study highlights that young or aged biochar behave as two distinct products in terms of nutrient cycling in soils. As such the sustainability of these soils differ and their management must therefore evolve with time.</p>

scholarly journals Microbiology and atmospheric processes: chemical interactions of primary biological aerosols

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Deguillaume ◽  
M. Leriche ◽  
P. Amato ◽  
P. A. Ariya ◽  
A.-M. Delort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Biological Aerosols ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract. This paper discusses the influence of primary biological aerosols (PBA) on atmospheric chemistry and vice versa through microbiological and chemical properties and processes. Several studies have shown that PBA represent a significant fraction of air particulate matter and hence affect the microstructure and water uptake of aerosol particles. Moreover, airborne micro-organisms, namely fungal spores and bacteria, can transform chemical constituents of the atmosphere by metabolic activity. Recent studies have emphasized the viability of bacteria and metabolic degradation of organic substances in cloud water. On the other hand, the viability and metabolic activity of airborne micro-organisms depend strongly on physical and chemical atmospheric parameters such as temperature, pressure, radiation, pH value and nutrient concentrations. In spite of recent advances, however, our knowledge of the microbiological and chemical interactions of PBA in the atmosphere is rather limited. Further targeted investigations combining laboratory experiments, field measurements, and modelling studies will be required to characterize the chemical feedbacks, microbiological activities at the air/snow/water interface supplied to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sumber dan Dosis Bahan Organik terhadap Perubahan sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 di Lahan Kering Jatikerto, Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Edy Suminarti ◽  
A.Y. Edy Guntoro ◽  
A. N. Fajrin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Suminarti et al, 2018. Effect of Source and Dosage of Organic Materials on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Plants (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 in Dry Land Jatikerto, Malang. JLSO 7(2): Agricultural extensification is the right step to anticipate conditions of food insecurity. This refers to two reasons, namely (1) proliferation of land conversion activities, and (2) sorghum is a carbohydrate-producing plant that is quite tolerant when planted on dry land. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the sources and doses of organic matter that are appropriate to changes in soil chemical properties, growth and yield of sorghum plants, and has been carried out in the dry land of Jatikerto, Malang. A split plot designs with three replications were used in this study, sources of organic material (blothong, UB compost and cow dung) as the main plot, and doses of organic matter (125%, 100% and 75%) as a subplot. Soil analysis was carried out 3 times, i.e. before planting, after application of organic matter and at harvest. The agronomic observations were carried out destructively at 80 days after planting (DAP) including the components of growth (root dry weight, leaf area, and total dry weight of the plant) and harvest at the age of 90 DAP.F test at 5% level was used to test the effect of treatment, while the difference between treatments was based on LSD level of 5%.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the source and dosage of organic matter on the leaf area and total dry weight, the highest yield was obtained in blothong at various doses. Higher yields of seeds per hectare were also found in blotong: 1.76 tons ha-1, and 1.73 tons ha-1 on 125% doses of organic matter. Blotong application is able to provide elements of N, P and K soil respectively 18.3%, 85.68% and 8.42% for plant.

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