Impacts & Sozioökonomie im D-A-CH Raum - Status-quo und gemeinsame, zukünftige Aktivitäten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Geiger ◽  
Gudrun Mühlbacher ◽  
Michiko Hama ◽  
Andreas Fischer ◽  
David N. Bresch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
National Centre

<p>Die Zunahme von Wetter- und Klimaextremen durch den voranschreitenden Klimawandel ist zunehmend mit gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen und ökonomischen Kosten verbunden. Eine umfassende Quantifizierung und nutzerspezifische Kommunikation dieser sozioökonomischen Auswirkungen an politische und privatwirtschaftliche Entscheider ist für die Vermeidung möglicher Folgen und eine adäquate Anpassung unerlässlich. </p> <p>Gleichzeitig gewinnt die Frage nach dem sozioökonomischen Nutzen von Wetterdiensten und deren Leistungen eine immer größere Relevanz. Der  sozioökonomische Nutzen beschränkt sich dabei nicht nur auf monetäre Aspekte, denn Wetterdienste versetzen die Gesellschaft durch die Bereitstellung entsprechender Informationen in die Lage qua Verhalten besser, sicherer und nachhaltiger auf Wetter- und Klimaereignisse zu reagieren.</p> <p>Dieser Vortrag erörtert bestehende Aktivitäten der Wetterdienste aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH) im Bereich Risiko, Impacts und sozioökonomische Nutzenbetrachtungen, u.a. mit Einblicken in </p> <ul> <li aria-level="1">die Wetter- und Klimakommunikation aus sozial- und verhaltenswissenschaftlicher Perspektive,</li> <li aria-level="1">die Integration von Daten über Auswirkungen, Verluste und Schäden in einer einheitlichen Ereignisdatenbank (CESARE),</li> <li aria-level="1">Ziele und Nutzen eines Risiko- und Auswirkungs-orientierten Ansatzes für Wetterdienste, am Beispiel des RiskLabs der ZAMG</li> </ul> <ul> <li aria-level="1">die Entwicklung und Anwendung der open-source <em>Python</em> Plattform CLIMADA [1] im Bereich impact-based warnings (MeteoSchweiz) und Abschätzung sozioökonomischer Klimafolgen (DWD),</li> <li aria-level="1">über 20 weltweite Klimaanpassungsstudien (Economics of Climate Adaptation, ECA [2]) mit Fokus auf Extremwetter,</li> <li aria-level="1">abgeschlossene und laufende Themenschwerpunkte des National Centre for Climate Services (NCCS)</li> <li aria-level="1">bisherige und anstehende sozioökonomische Nutzenbetrachtungen.</li> </ul> <p>Basierend auf einer Synthese der bisherigen Arbeiten erfolgt eine Identifikation zukünftiger, gemeinsamer Ziele im Rahmen der D-A-CH Kooperation. Dies reicht von einem gemeinsamen, konzeptionellen und methodischen Verständnis der Bewertung von Auswirkungen und Risiken im Kontext Wetter und Klima bis hin zur Etablierung gemeinsamer Anwendungen und Plattformen zur Durchführung tri-nationaler Projekte.</p> <p> </p> <p>Referenzen:</p> <p>[1]    CLIMADA Python plattform, https://wcr.ethz.ch/research/climada.html</p> <p>[2]    Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA), https://eca-network.org/</p>

scholarly journals The VIADUC project: innovation in climate adaptation through service design

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
L. Corre ◽  
P. Dandin ◽  
D. L'Hôte ◽  
F. Besson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
End Users ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Climate Services

Abstract. From the French National Adaptation to Climate Change Plan, the "Drias, les futurs du climat" service has been developed to provide easy access to French regional climate projections. This is a major step for the implementation of French Climate Services. The usefulness of this service for the end-users and decision makers involved with adaptation planning at a local scale is investigated. As such, the VIADUC project is: to evaluate and enhance Drias, as well as to imagine future development in support of adaptation. Climate scientists work together with end-users and a service designer. The designer's role is to propose an innovative approach based on the interaction between scientists and citizens. The chosen end-users are three Natural Regional Parks located in the South West of France. The latter parks are administrative entities which gather municipalities having a common natural and cultural heritage. They are also rural areas in which specific economic activities take place, and therefore are concerned and involved in both protecting their environment and setting-up sustainable economic development. The first year of the project has been dedicated to investigation including the questioning of relevant representatives. Three key local economic sectors have been selected: i.e. forestry, pastoral farming and building activities. Working groups were composed of technicians, administrative and maintenance staff, policy makers and climate researchers. The sectors' needs for climate information have been assessed. The lessons learned led to actions which are presented hereinafter.

scholarly journals Asset exposure data for global physical risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 817-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Eberenz ◽  
Dario Stocker ◽  
Thomas Röösli ◽  
David N. Bresch
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Newly Industrialized Countries ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Global Consistency ◽  
Regional Product

Abstract. One of the challenges in globally consistent assessments of physical climate risks is the fact that asset exposure data are either unavailable or restricted to single countries or regions. We introduce a global high-resolution asset exposure dataset responding to this challenge. The data are produced using “lit population” (LitPop), a globally consistent methodology to disaggregate asset value data proportional to a combination of nightlight intensity and geographical population data. By combining nightlight and population data, unwanted artefacts such as blooming, saturation, and lack of detail are mitigated. Thus, the combination of both data types improves the spatial distribution of macroeconomic indicators. Due to the lack of reported subnational asset data, the disaggregation methodology cannot be validated for asset values. Therefore, we compare disaggregated gross domestic product (GDP) per subnational administrative region to reported gross regional product (GRP) values for evaluation. The comparison for 14 industrialized and newly industrialized countries shows that the disaggregation skill for GDP using nightlights or population data alone is not as high as using a combination of both data types. The advantages of LitPop are global consistency, scalability, openness, replicability, and low entry threshold. The open-source LitPop methodology and the publicly available asset exposure data offer value for manifold use cases, including globally consistent economic disaster risk assessments and climate change adaptation studies, especially for larger regions, yet at considerably high resolution. The code is published on GitHub as part of the open-source software CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation) and archived in the ETH Data Archive with the link https://doi.org/10.5905/ethz-1007-226 (Bresch et al., 2019b). The resulting asset exposure dataset for 224 countries is archived in the ETH Research Repository with the link https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000331316 (Eberenz et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Mind the Gap: Towards a Typology of Climate Service Usability Gaps

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Raaphorst ◽  
Gerben Koers ◽  
Gerald Jan Ellen ◽  
Amy Oen ◽  
Bjørn Kalsnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
The North ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Climate Service ◽  
North And South

Literature on climate services presents a large diversity of different services and uses. Many climate services have ‘usability gaps’: the information provided, or the way it is visualized, may be unsuitable for end users to inform decision-making processes in relation to adaptation against climate change impacts or for the development of policies to this end. The aim of this article is to contribute to more informed and efficient decision-making processes in climate adaptation by developing a typology of usability gaps for climate services. To do so, we first present and demonstrate a so-called ‘climate information design’ (CID) template with which to study and potentially improve the visual communicative qualities of climate services. Then, two climates services are selected for a further, qualitative explorative case study of two cases in the north and south of the Netherlands. A combination of focus group sessions and semi-structured interviews are used to collect data from Dutch governmental stakeholders as well as private stakeholders and NGOs. This data is then coded to discover what usability gaps are present. We then present twelve different types of usability gaps that were encountered as a typology. This typology could be used to improve and redesign climate services.

The overwhelming jungle of climate information and the role of climate services.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Buontempo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Engineering Standards ◽  
Climate Service ◽  
Different Sources

<div>Climate adaptation often requires high resolution information about the expected changes in the statistical distribution of user-relevant variables. Thanks to targeted national programmes, research projects and international climate service initiatives  this kind of information is not only becoming more easily available but it is also making its way into building codes, engineering standards as well as the risk assessments for financial products.  If such an increase in the use of climate data can be seen as a positive step towards the construction of a climate resilient society, it is also true that the inconsistencies that exist between the information derived from different sources of information, have the potential to reduce the user uptake, increase the costs of adaptation and even undermine the credibility of both climate services and the underpinning climate science.</div><div>This paper offers a personal reflection on the emerging user requirements in this field. The presenation also aims at suggesting  some prelimimary ideas in support of the development of appropriate methodologies for extracting robust evidence from different sources in a scalable way.</div>

scholarly journals Exposure data for global physical risk assessment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Eberenz ◽  
Dario Stocker ◽  
Thomas Röösli ◽  
David N. Bresch
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Exposure Data ◽  
Global Consistency ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators

Abstract. One of the challenges in the globally consistent assessment of physical climate risks is that exposure data are either unavailable or restricted to single countries or regions. Here, we introduce lit population (LitPop), a globally consistent methodology to estimate spatially explicit exposure data proportional to a combination of nightlight intensity and geographical population data. By multiplying nightlight and population data, unwanted artefacts such as blooming, saturation, and lack of resolution are mitigated. Thus, the combination of both data types improves the spatial distribution of macroeconomic indicators. To evaluate the predictive skill of the downscaling approach, GDP distributed proportional to LitPop to subnational administrative regions is compared to reference values. The results for 14 countries show that the predictive skill of LitPop is higher than using nightlights or population data alone. The advantages of this approach are: high predictive skill, global consistency, scalability, openness, replicability, and low entry threshold. The flexibility of the open-source LitPop exposure data and methodology offers value for manifold use cases for economic disaster risk assessments and climate change adaptation studies. Code is published on GitHub as part of the open-source software CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation) and archived in the ETH Data Archive with link: http://doi.org/10.5905/ethz-1007-226 (Bresch et al., 2019b). The resulting exposure dataset for 227 countries is archived in the ETH Research Repository with link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000331316 (Eberenz et al., 2019).

scholarly journals Cities on the Coast and Patterns of Movement between Population Growth and Diffusion

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Kovalevsky ◽  
Dimitri Volchenkov ◽  
Jürgen Scheffran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Maximum Entropy Principle ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Urban Dynamics

Sea level rise and high-impact coastal hazards due to on-going and projected climate change dramatically affect many coastal urban areas worldwide, including those with the highest urbanization growth rates. To develop tailored coastal climate services that can inform decision makers on climate adaptation in coastal cities, a better understanding and modeling of multifaceted urban dynamics is important. We develop a coastal urban model family, where the population growth and urbanization rates are modeled in the framework of diffusion over the half-bounded and bounded domains, and apply the maximum entropy principle to the latter case. Population density distributions are derived analytically whenever possible. Steady-state wave solutions balancing the width of inhabited coastal zones, with the skewed distributions maximizing population entropy, might be responsible for the coastward migrations outstripping the demographic development of the hinterland. With appropriate modifications of boundary conditions, the developed family of diffusion models can describe coastal urban dynamics affected by climate change.

CLIMADA: an open-source climate risk assessment model. The latest developments!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Fairless ◽  
Chahan Kropf ◽  
David Bresch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Exposure Model ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Agricultural Risk ◽  
Adaptation Measures

<p>Do you want to translate your work on extreme weather into human and economic impacts? Do you want to investigate the statistical risk from climate change to your region, country or planet? Do you need to identify vulnerable populations and find the most effective climate adaptation measures?</p><p>The CLIMADA platform (CLIMate ADAptation) is built to support these analyses. The model is an open source, globally consistent, fully probabilistic risk assessment tool. It is designed with both academics and decision-makers in mind and is used in international financial planning, regional climate adaptation projects and impact forecasting.</p><p>CLIMADA combines hazard, vulnerability and exposure data to produce risk assessments, allowing you to supply any (or none) of the data required. The model includes event data for hazards including tropical storm wind and surge, windstorms, earthquake, flood, drought, wildfire and agricultural risk, at different stages of maturity. It includes the LitPop exposure model for estimating economic and population exposure, and impact/vulnerability functions to combine them with hazards. It is suitable for case studies and climate studies.</p><p>In this session we will present the model, highlight recent additions, and discuss our work supporting users in government, industry and the third sector. We want to hear questions from potential new users and collaborators and hope to spark conversations about new data sources, improved methodologies and integrations with other workflows.</p>

Visualisation in climate services: status and recommendations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Terrado ◽  
Diana Urquiza ◽  
Sara Octenjak ◽  
Andria Nicodemou ◽  
Dragana Bojovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Visual Encoding ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Climate Service

<p>The visual communication of climate information is one of the cornerstones of climate services. Characteristics that make a climate service self-explanatory rely on the visual modes it employs, e.g. maps, graphs or infographics, and the visual channels applied for the translation of multidimensional data, e.g. combination of colours, shapes or slopes. </p><p>Climate scientists have traditionally used predetermined types of visualisations to present climate data, including flood maps, heat maps or choropleth maps. However, such a tradition neglects a plethora of stakeholders (e.g. businesses, policy makers, citizens) that are increasingly involved in climate adaptation and that are less familiar with the traditional ways of presenting these data. In this sense, there is a need to advance towards climate services visualisations that can guide climate change adaptation decisions by helping users to interpret and use the information as simply and quickly as possible.</p><p>Effective visualisations should achieve a balance between the amount of represented data, its robustness (i.e. the representation of scientific confidence and consensus) and saliency (i.e. the relevance of the information to user needs). Therefore, choices regarding the representation of probabilities (e.g. using terciles or information on extreme events), the representation of uncertainty (e.g. showing the ensemble range or filtering by a skill threshold), the type of visual encoding (e.g. selection of the colour palette, use of shapes and sizes) as well as the terminology and language used, are some aspects that can significantly impact the way users interpret climate data.</p><p>We describe the main challenges for the visualisation of climate services identified during a visualisation workshop with representatives from 22 climate services projects involved in the Climateurope network, an EU-funded coordination and support action. In break-out group discussions, participants shared their experiences in the development of effective climate services visualisations and the lessons learned. Findings show that the chosen representation of uncertainty and probabilities tends to be case specific and that there is a preference for interactive visualisations where information is gradually disclosed. Minimising the use of technical concepts in visualisations was highlighted as an objective that requires further attention. The analysis of the obtained results provides a picture of the current status of the climate services visualisation field in Europe and gives recommendations for the development of the next generation of climate services.</p>

scholarly journals Green Roofs and Greenpass

Buildings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scharf ◽  
Kraus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Urban Energy Balance

The United Nations have identified climate change as the greatest threat to human life. As current research shows, urban areas are more vulnerable to climate change than rural areas. Numerous people are affected by climate change in their daily life, health and well-being. The need to react is undisputed and has led to numerous guidelines and directives for urban climate adaptation. Plants are commonly mentioned and recommended as one key to urban climate adaptation. Due to shading of open space and building surfaces, as well as evapotranspiration, plants reduce the energy load on the urban fabric and increase thermal comfort and climate resilience amongst many other ecosystem services. Plants, therefore, are described as green infrastructure (GI), because of the beneficial effects they provide. Extensive green roofs are often discussed regarding their impact on thermal comfort for pedestrians and physical properties of buildings. By means of Stadslab2050 project Elief Playhouse in Antwerp, Belgium, a single-story building in the courtyard of a perimeter block, the effects of different extensive green roof designs (A and B) on the microclimate, human comfort at ground and roof level, as well as building physics are analyzed and compared to the actual roofing (bitumen membrane) as the Status Quo variant. For the analyses and evaluation of the different designs the innovative Green Performance Assessment System (GREENPASS®) method has been chosen. The planning tool combines spatial and volumetric analyses with complex 3D microclimate simulations to calculate key performance indicators such as thermal comfort score, thermal storage score, thermal load score, run-off and carbon sequestration. Complementary maps and graphs are compiled. Overall, the chosen method allows to understand, compare and optimize project designs and performance. The results for the Elief Playhouse show that the implementation of green roofs serves a slight contribution to the urban energy balance but a huge impact on the building and humans. Variant B with entire greening performs better in all considered indicators, than the less greened design Variant A and the actual Status Quo. Variant B will probably bring a greater cost/benefit than Variant A and is thus recommended.

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