scholarly journals Conversion of organic micropollutants with limited bromate formation during the Peroxone process in drinking water treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-51
Author(s):  
A. H. Knol ◽  
K. Lekkerkerker-Teunissen ◽  
C. J. Houtman ◽  
J. Scheideler ◽  
A. Ried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
River Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Ozone Dose

Abstract. Advanced oxidation with O3/H2O2 (peroxone) is conducted on pilot plant scale on pre-treated Meuse river water to investigate the conversion of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and the formation of bromate. Fourteen selected model compounds are dosed to the pre-treated river water on a regular basis to assess the efficiency of the peroxone process and to establish the influence of the water matrix. The height of the ozone dose is the main factor in the conversion of the model compounds. The conversion of OMPs can be increased by further increasing the ozone dose, however, the ozone dose is limited concerning the bromate formation. The hydrogen peroxide dosage has only a~minor effect on the conversion, but it limits the bromate formation effectively. In terms of limited chemical consumption, maximal conversion and adherence to the strict Dutch guideline for bromate in drinking water, a practical full-scale setting is 6 mg L−1 hydrogen peroxide and 1.5 mg L−1 ozone. During the investigation period, the average conversion of the model compounds was 78.9%. The conversion of OMPs is higher at higher water temperatures and lower concentrations of DOC and bicarbonate. The bromate formation also is higher at higher water temperature and lower bicarbonate concentration and proportional with the bromide concentration, above a threshold of about 32 μg L−1 bromide, below which no bromate is formed. The peroxone process can be controlled on basis of the (derived) parameters water temperature, bicarbonate and DOC.

scholarly journals Conversion of organic micropollutants with limited bromate formation during the Peroxone process in drinking water treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Knol ◽  
K. Lekkerkerker-Teunissen ◽  
C. J. Houtman ◽  
J. Scheideler ◽  
A. Ried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
River Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
Ozone Dose

Abstract. Advanced oxidation with O3 / H2O2 (peroxone) was conducted on pilot plant scale on pre-treated Meuse river water to investigate the conversion of organic micropollutants (OMPs) and the formation of bromate. Fourteen selected model compounds were dosed to the pre-treated river water on a regular basis to assess the efficiency of the peroxone process and to establish the influence of the water matrix. The ozone dose was the main factor in the conversion of the model compounds, however, the ozone dose was limited because of bromate formation. The hydrogen peroxide dosage had only a minor effect on the conversion, but it limited the bromate formation effectively. In terms of limited chemical consumption, maximal conversion and to comply the strict Dutch drinking water act for bromate of 1 μg L−1, a practical peroxone setting was 6 mg L−1 hydrogen peroxide and 1.5 mg L−1 ozone. During the investigation period, the average conversion of the model compounds was 78.9 %. The conversion of OMPs was higher at higher water temperatures and lower concentrations of DOC and bicarbonate. The bromate formation also was higher at higher water temperature and lower bicarbonate concentration and proportional with the bromide concentration, above a threshold of about 32 μg L−1 bromide. The peroxone process can be controlled on basis of the (derived) parameters water temperature, bicarbonate and DOC.

scholarly journals Continuous flow process of Cr(VI) removal from drinking water through reduction onto FeOOH by inorganic sulfur reductants

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthimia Kaprara ◽  
Fani Pinakidou ◽  
Eleni C. Paloura ◽  
Anastasios I. Zouboulis ◽  
Manassis Mitrakas
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Outer Sphere ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Inorganic Sulfur ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Treatment Application

Abstract In this study, the implementation of an iron oxy-hydroxide (FeOOH) as a surface catalyst for Cr(VI) reduction by inorganic sulfur reductants (ISRs) was investigated. Batch Cr(VI) removal tests, performed to evaluate and compare the efficiency of ISRs in the presence of FeOOH, qualified Na2S2O4 as the optimum for drinking water treatment. Application of Na2S2O4 in continuous flow rapid small scale column tests, using a FeOOH adsorbent at pH 7 ± 0.1 and artificial (resembling natural) water matrix, verified the high potential for Cr(VI) removal at sub-ppb level. Indeed, a 15 mg S/L Na2S2O4 dose diminished an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 100 μg/L below the method's detection limit of 1.4 μg/L at least for 105 bed volumes. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy revealed that Cr(VI) forms outer sphere complexes, while Cr(III) is involved in 2E, 2C and 1 V geometries with the surface Fe-oxyhydroxyl groups. It can, therefore, be concluded that FeOOH attracts Cr(VI) to its surface via physisorption, offering a solid surface that promotes the transfer of electrons through bridging ions. Thus, when Na2S2O4 is added in the system, Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III), which is subsequently chemisorbed onto the FeOOH surface.

Removal of cyanotoxins in drinking water using ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide (peroxone)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guhankumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Lijo Francis ◽  
Kavithaa Loganathan ◽  
Oluwaseun O. Ogunbiyi ◽  
Saad Jasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Toxin Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract Presence of cyanotoxins in drinking water poses a great risk to public health. Elevated levels of cyanotoxins in drinking water can lead to acute gastroenteritis, liver diseases, and neurotoxicity. In this study, drinking water samples were collected across the eastern part of Qatar and screened using a rapid assay to detect the presence of microcystins and nodularins. The results showed that the toxin concentrations in all the water samples were below the WHO prescribed limit of 1 μg/L. Considering a worst-case scenario, toxin removal efficiencies were evaluated using ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide by spiking drinking water samples with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at different oxidant dosages, toxin concentrations, water temperatures, and total organic carbon. It was found that peroxone-treated water samples have better MC-LR removal efficiency than molecular ozone at lower oxidant dosages. Nevertheless, at higher oxidant dosages, both ozonation and peroxone oxidation methods showed a similar removal efficiency. The experimental results also clearly indicated that variation in water temperature between 22 °C and 35 °C has minimal effect on the removal efficiency in both the treatment methods. It was also confirmed that the presence of organic carbon has a more profound detrimental impact than water temperature for toxin removal.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Treatment by Inductively Coupled Plasma System to Remove of Microorganisms in River Water

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reni Desmiarti ◽  
Ariadi Hazmi ◽  
Primas Emeraldi ◽  
Munas Martynis ◽  
Yenni Trianda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Inductively coupled plasma system was used in drinking water treatment system to kill the microorganisms in water such as total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and other coliforms (OC) from river water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of flowrate on removal efficiency (RE), death rate, and death yield and energy consumption of bacteria's. The frequency of the system was set at 4.6 MHz. The results show that the removal efficiencies and death rate of TC, FC and OC decreased with increasing flowrate. Compared to FC, the first-order reactions of TC and OC were lower in the following order: FC > OC > TC. The death yield of TC and OC significantly increased when the removal efficiency increased. The electromagnetic flux varied from 19.44 to 20.55 W/cm2 and the energy consumption was 0.26, 0.32, and 0.67 with flow rate at 20, 10 and 5 mL/minute, respectively. These results are very necessary to improve drinking water treatment.

Optimization of the ozone dosage at the drinking water treatment plant of Kluizen

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cromphout ◽  
Stefanie Goethals ◽  
Liesbeth Verdickt
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Micro Organisms

De Watergroep, a Flemish drinking water utility, aims to optimize the ozonation process at the Kluizen surface waterworks in order to obtain sufficient inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms while minimizing the formation of bromate. In literature, the inactivation of micro-organisms is described as a first order process in ozone exposure (ozone concentration multiplied by exposure time or CT value). In the full-scale plant, the ozone exposure was determined at different temperatures and ozone doses, and an empirical relation between ozone exposure, ozone dose and temperature was derived. Based on the results, the optimum ozone dose required to obtain a Log 2 removal of viruses and a Log 1 removal of Giardia was determined as a function of temperature. Bromate formation was found to be dependent on the ozone dose rather than on the CT value. Therefore, an empirical relation between bromate formation, ozone dose and temperature was established. Bromate formation was found to be far below the legal standard of 10 μg/L when the optimum ozone dose, required to achieve the disinfection goals for viruses and Giardia, is applied.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KUALITAS AIR BAKU DENGAN PROSES BIOFILTER TERCELUP MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA STRUKTUR SARANG TAWON

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said ◽  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
High Organic Matter

Contamination of rivers has reached an alarming level, especially in the rivers passing through major cities, agricultural areas and industrial areas. Among the contaminants that often appear dominant and very disturbing is the organic substance. The existence of high organic matter within the river water is often expressed in permanganate number that has passed the quality standard. River that contain high organic matter usually the water smell and the color is black, besides it can also cause disturbances in the water treatment process, which is an increasing use of coagulants, chlorine, activated carbon, and the emergence of substances that are not desired, and the quality of treatment results are unsatisfactory. Many ways to reduce the organic matter in river water, one of them is by using the biofilter honeycomb structure. The target of the reduction of organic substances is that the river water could be used as a raw drinking water quality standards or meet the category B, Regulation of Jakarta Governor Number 582, 1995. Raw water used for this study were taken from Krukut River which is the raw water for Regional Water Company PALYJA, Production Installation III Cilandak, South Jakarta and Cengkareng Drain river water, which is currently used as a source of raw water for PAM Taman Kota, West Jakarta using a biofilter reactor aerobic system, the capacity of 50 - 200 m3, Capasity of Blowers 300 l /min, Residence Time 6 hours up to 1 hour. Test results on the residence time of 1 hour, parameters pH, TSS, turbidity, organic substances, detergents, manganese, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, can meet the standard, except for iron which still exceeds the standard. To improve the removal  efficiency of organic matter and iron, at the beginning of processing before entering into the drinking water treatment unit need to be added powder active carbon and an oxidizing agent with a sufficient dose. Keywords: Organic substances, biofilter, aerobic, honeycomb plastic media.

Laboratory-Scale Ozonation of Water Contaminated with Trace Pesticides

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2257-2260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koga ◽  
K. Kadokami ◽  
R. Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
River Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Pesticide Removal

Trace amounts of 39 kinds of pesticide in river water and tap water were determined by a gas Chromatography/mass spectrometry with a selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM). Eighteen pesticides were detected at ng/L levels in the river water samples, and 11 in tap water. The river water was treated with laboratory-scale oxidation processes using ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide, and the efficiencies of pesticide removal by the oxidation processes were evaluated. Although several pesticides such as dichlorvos, simazine and atrazin remained in river water after the treatment with ozone alone, the ozone treatment in combination with hydrogen peroxide improved their decompositions. Detection of 11 kinds of pesticides in tap water indicates that those pesticides are slightly removed by the conventional drinking water treatment.

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