scholarly journals Are we reaching gender parity among Palaeontology authors?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Giles ◽  
Rachel Warnock ◽  
Emma Dunne ◽  
Erin Saupe ◽  
Laura Soul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diversity Issues ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Made In ◽  
Number Of Authors

<p>Women remain underrepresented in almost all areas of STEM, especially at senior levels, with palaeontology being no exception. There is a widespread perception that the situation is improving, and that it is simply a matter of time before this improvement is reflected at higher career stages. However, there is strong evidence that formidable barriers remain for women in palaeontology. We must question how much progress towards gender equality has been made in order to continue on a path towards equity. With a view to contributing quantitative data to this discussion, we examine whether the proportion of women publishing in palaeontology is approaching parity, using data from the journal <em>Palaeontology</em> as a proxy for the discipline. This work was motivated by the sense that, despite increased representation of women, articles on palaeontological subjects almost never appear to have over 50% women authors. Indeed, we find that women account for less than 20% of authors and, perhaps more surprisingly, there has been no substantial increase in the proportion of women contributing to the journal over the past 20 years. The percentage of articles in which women make up more than 50% of authors remains unchanged. The proportion of articles on which women are absent from the author list is decreasing, but this partly reflects an increase in the average number of authors per article. Our findings match those found in broader studies of the scientific literature, including those within the biological and Earth Sciences, which generally find that women make up less than 30% of authors. We highlight important barriers that remain for women and other under-represented groups in science, and make several recommendations to help improve their representation in palaeontology. Key recommendations include: acknowledging and engaging with diversity issues; targeted recruitment of women to all levels of academic publishing; actively promoting individuals from all underrepresented groups, especially those at the intersections of multiple minoritized identities; and collecting relevant data and perspectives.</p>

scholarly journals Are we reaching gender parity among Palaeontology authors?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Warnock ◽  
Emma Dunne ◽  
Sam Giles ◽  
Erin Saupe ◽  
Laura Soul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Using Data

We examine whether the proportion of women publishing in palaeontology is approaching parity, using data from the journal Palaeontology as a proxy for the discipline. This work was motivated by the sense that, despite increased representation of women, articles on palaeontological subjects almost never appear to have 50% female authorship, regardless of the journal. Indeed, we find that <20% of authors are female, and perhaps more surprisingly, insubstantial increase in the proportion of women contributing to the journal over the past 20 years. We highlight important barriers that remain for women and other underrepresented groups in science, and we make several recommendations to help improve their representation in palaeontology.

Gender Distribution of Scholarship and Measures of National Recognition in Hospital Medicine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliann L. Kim ◽  
Jessica M. Allan ◽  
H. Barrett Fromme ◽  
Catherine S. Forster ◽  
Erin Shaughnessy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Medicine ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Scholarly Productivity ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
Scholarly Publications

OBJECTIVE: Our specific aim was to assess the gender distribution of aspects of scholarly productivity and professional standing for pediatric hospital medicine over a 5-year period. We also evaluated for correlation between the makeup of editorial boards, conference planning committees, and chosen content. METHODS: We reviewed scholarly publications, presentations, editorial boards, planning committees, awardees, and society leadership in pediatric hospital medicine from 2015 to 2019 and determined gender using published methods to assess for differences between observed proportions of women authors and presenters and the proportion of women in the field. RESULTS: The field of pediatric hospital medicine at large is 69% women (95% confidence internal [CI] 68%–71%), and an estimated 57% of senior members are women (95% CI 54%–60%). We evaluated 570 original science manuscripts and found 67% (95% CI 63%–71%) women first authors and 49% (95% CI 44%–53%) women senior authors. We evaluated 1093 presentations at national conferences and found 69% (95% CI 65%–72%) women presenters of submitted content and 44% (95% CI 37%–51%) women presenters of invited content. Senior authorship and invited speaking engagements demonstrated disproportionately low representation of women when compared with senior members of the field (senior authorship, P = .002; invited presenters, P < .001). Strong positive correlation between gender composition of conference planning committees and selected content was also noted (r = 0.94). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated representative gender distribution for some aspects of scholarly productivity in pediatric hospital medicine; however, a lack of gender parity exists in senior roles.

scholarly journals Working Toward Achieving Significant Representation: Changes In Diversity And Their Implications In The Accounting And Auditing Profession

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Tim V. Eaton ◽  
Madeline DiFilippo
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data

The purpose of this paper is to examine the demographic changes to the accounting and auditing profession over the past several decades on two levels of diversity (gender and minorities).  Using data from a variety of sources, we find significant improvement in the representation of women and minorities in accounting degrees and entry to the profession.  However, we also note areas where additional efforts are needed to provide more significant representation including the wage gap and greater representation in higher-level positions.

Women As Mothers and Grandmothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA B. MCBRIDE ◽  
CHERYL PROHASKA SHORE
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Role Development ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Traditional Family ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Made In

This chapter analyzes the literature on women as mothers; research reports published between January 1985 and December 1999 were reviewed. As in the past, almost all of the extant studies analyzed the experience of mothers in their children’s first year of life. Although therapeutic suggestions were made in many studies, relatively few interventions have been implemented and evaluated. More studies are needed that go beyond traditional family forms and that explore mothers’ role development over the full course of their children’s growth and development. Additional longitudinal research that views maternal role development as a process is indicated.

Abstract 14171: Association of Women Authors With Women Enrollment in the Clinical Trials of Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safi U Khan ◽  
Muhammad Z KHAN ◽  
Ahmad N Lone ◽  
Chraumathi Raghu Subramanian ◽  
Swapna Talluri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Number Of Authors

Introduction: Women with atrial fibrillation (AF) are more symptomatic, have poorer quality of life and carry a higher risk of stroke than men. Despite this woman have been underrepresented in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of AF. Hypothesis: Women representation in the author panel might influence enrollment of women in RCTs of AF. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search from 1989 through December 2019 to identify RCTs of AF with a follow-up duration of ≥3 months. The multivariate linear regression model was constructed with the proportion of women enrollment in the RCTs as the dependent variable and the proportion of women in the author panel as a key independent variable. The model was adjusted for publication year, region, sponsor, and type of RCTs (invasive or medical treatment). Results: A total of 134 RCTs (n=149,162) were included. The median number of participants per trial was 205 (IQR, 74-676). The median number of women per trial was 71 (IQR, 27-218). The overall representation of women was 35.1% (95% CI, 32.6-37.6%), which did not improve between 1989 to 2019 (from 27.3% to 29.6%; P=0.10). RCTs of AF were authored by 1,568 authors. The median number of authors per trial publication was 10 (IQR, 7-10). The median number of women authors was 1 (IQR, 0-3). First (93%) and senior (92%) authors were predominantly men. Only 13.3% (n=18) of publications had women as first or senior authors, which did not improve over time (P=0.07). Multivariate model showed that each 1% increase in women in the author panel was associated with 19% increase in women enrollment in RCTs (P=0.02) (Table). Conclusions: Women remained underrepresented both as participants and as authors of RCTs of AF. Higher representation of women in the author panel was associated with higher enrollment of women in RCTs of AF. Efforts to recruitment and retain women AF investigators may be a critical mechanism to help lessen the disparities in both areas.

scholarly journals Men Set Their Own Cites High: Gender and Self-citation across Fields and over Time

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly M. King ◽  
Carl T. Bergstrom ◽  
Shelley Correll ◽  
Jennifer Jacquet ◽  
Jevin West
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Women In Academia ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Number Of Authors

How common is self-citation in scholarly publication, and does the practice vary by gender? Using novel methods and a data set of 1.5 million research papers in the scholarly database JSTOR published between 1779 and 2011, the authors find that nearly 10 percent of references are self-citations by a paper’s authors. The findings also show that between 1779 and 2011, men cited their own papers 56 percent more than did women. In the last two decades of data, men self-cited 70 percent more than women. Women are also more than 10 percentage points more likely than men to not cite their own previous work at all. While these patterns could result from differences in the number of papers that men and women authors have published rather than gender-specific patterns of self-citation behavior, this gender gap in self-citation rates has remained stable over the last 50 years, despite increased representation of women in academia. The authors break down self-citation patterns by academic field and number of authors and comment on potential mechanisms behind these observations. These findings have important implications for scholarly visibility and cumulative advantage in academic careers.

scholarly journals Improving weather forecasting by assimilation of water vapor isotopes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Tada ◽  
Kei Yoshimura ◽  
Kinya Toride
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Made In

AbstractStable water isotopes, which depend on meteorology and terrain, are important indicators of global water circulation. During the past 10 years, major advances have been made in general circulation models that include water isotopes, and the understanding of water isotopes has greatly progressed as a result of innovative, improved observation techniques. However, no previous studies have combined modeled and observed isotopes using data assimilation, nor have they investigated the impacts of real observations of isotopes. This is the first study to assimilate real satellite observations of isotopes using a general circulation model, then investigate the impacts on global dynamics and local phenomena. The results showed that assimilating isotope data improved not only the water isotope field but also meteorological variables such as air temperature and wind speed. Furthermore, the forecast skills of these variables were improved by a few percent, compared with a model that did not assimilate isotope observations.

scholarly journals Women Are Underrepresented and Receive Differential Outcomes at ASM Journals: a Six-Year Retrospective Analysis

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada K. Hagan ◽  
Begüm D. Topçuoğlu ◽  
Mia E. Gregory ◽  
Hazel A. Barton ◽  
Patrick D. Schloss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Differential Outcomes ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
American Society ◽  
Type Of Institution

ABSTRACT Despite 50% of biology Ph.D. graduates being women, the number of women that advance in academia decreases at each level (e.g., from graduate to postdoctorate to tenure track). Recently, scientific societies and publishers have begun examining internal submissions data to evaluate representation and evaluation of women in their peer review processes; however, representation and attitudes differ by scientific field, and to date, no studies have investigated academic publishing in the field of microbiology. Using manuscripts submitted between January 2012 and August 2018 to the 15 journals published by the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), we describe the representation of women at ASM journals and the outcomes of their manuscripts. Senior women authors at ASM journals were underrepresented compared to global and society estimates of microbiology researchers. Additionally, manuscripts submitted by corresponding authors that were women received more negative outcomes than those submitted by men. These negative outcomes were somewhat mediated by whether or not the corresponding author was based in the United States and by the type of institution for United States-based authors. Nonetheless, the pattern for women corresponding authors to receive more negative outcomes on their submitted manuscripts held. We conclude with suggestions to improve the representation of women and decrease structural penalties against women. IMPORTANCE Barriers in science and academia have prevented women from becoming researchers and experts that are viewed as equivalent to their colleagues who are men. We evaluated the participation and success of women researchers at ASM journals to better understand their success in the field of microbiology. We found that women are underrepresented as expert scientists at ASM journals. This is, in part, due to a combination of both low submissions from senior women authors and more negative outcomes on submitted manuscripts for women compared to men.

scholarly journals Men Set Their Own Cites High: Gender and Self-citation across Fields and over Time

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 237802311773890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly M. King ◽  
Carl T. Bergstrom ◽  
Shelley J. Correll ◽  
Jennifer Jacquet ◽  
Jevin D. West
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Women In Academia ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Number Of Authors

How common is self-citation in scholarly publication, and does the practice vary by gender? Using novel methods and a data set of 1.5 million research papers in the scholarly database JSTOR published between 1779 and 2011, the authors find that nearly 10 percent of references are self-citations by a paper’s authors. The findings also show that between 1779 and 2011, men cited their own papers 56 percent more than did women. In the last two decades of data, men self-cited 70 percent more than women. Women are also more than 10 percentage points more likely than men to not cite their own previous work at all. While these patterns could result from differences in the number of papers that men and women authors have published rather than gender-specific patterns of self-citation behavior, this gender gap in self-citation rates has remained stable over the last 50 years, despite increased representation of women in academia. The authors break down self-citation patterns by academic field and number of authors and comment on potential mechanisms behind these observations. These findings have important implications for scholarly visibility and cumulative advantage in academic careers.

scholarly journals QUOTES FROM THE FABLES OF IVAN ANDREEVICH KRYLOV IN RUSSIAN SPEECH (The 250-th anniversary of the birth)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-255
Author(s):  
Konstantin Pavlovich Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
Functional Condition ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Literary Images ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Authors

The article is devoted to some questions of functioning of quotation units from I.A. Krylov’s fables (actually quotations, literary images, winged expressions and phraseological units created on their basis). The author's word is considered from the standpoint of intertext dynamics, taking into account the complex problems of intertext derivation associated with variation, normative mobility, frequency, segmentation, associative activity, polydiscursivity, diversity and inconsistency of illustrative contexts, types of intertextile contaminations on the background of the phraseological contamination. Intertexual energy of the fable, within the terms of the Russian verbal culture, directed from the source of morality as the foundation works to engage in explicit or implicit citation of the fragments, correlated with the narrative escorts, consequential historical events and the development of a variety of structuralsemantic paradigms and based on a specific organization of the units used. Description of intertext units can be focused on two ways of accounting and processing of material. First, it is an appeal to the “nuclear” part of the circle of verbal culture. The number of works of an author is usually relatively small, but a large number of authors themselves. In the dictionaries of the winged expressions as a whole is represented by about 50-60 dictionary entries of Krylov. Secondly, there may be publications on the intertext potential of one author, when taken into account almost all or almost everything that goes beyond the source text, the number of dictionary entries increases significantly, which allows to determine the status of the author’s idioms in the intertext picture of the world. In this case, it becomes possible to understand the citation in the broadest sense as the use of the author’s word outside the author’s text. The revised citation heterogeneous unity: idioms, actual quotes, often playing off of segments of these unities, literary images. Intertext dynamics is a functional condition for the life of this material. It is primarily numerous changes frazeological modeling, segmentation, dispersion, associative movement. It is significant that the past two centuries have shown consistent continuity and significant typological similarity in a series of endless uses of the fabled word Krylov.

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