Holocene vegetation and climate changes inferred from pollen record of Nordenskiöld Land (West Spitsbergen Island)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Soloveva ◽  
Larisa Savelieva ◽  
Sergei Verkulich
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
River Valley ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
West Spitsbergen ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

<p>Pollen analysis is one of the methods that allow revealing ecological and climatic changes in the<br>past based on vegetation reconstruction. Spitsbergen (Svalbard) archipelago, as well as other<br>regions of the Arctic, is difficult for creation of regional models of vegetation and climate<br>development during the Holocene. This is primarily due to the limited distribution, low thickness<br>and relative young ages (usually this is the late Holocene) of organogenic deposits, which are<br>most suitable for palynological studies.<br>Nordenskiöld Land is located in the central part of the West Spitsbergen Island and different the<br>most favorable climatic conditions. The largest number of sites suitable for paleobotanical<br>researches is located here. The Coles valley has length about 12 km, well-developed profile and<br>situated on the north shore of Nordenskiöld Land. The field campaign with studying of<br>floodplain peat sediments from Coles River valley was carried out in August 2018. Two sites<br>(K18-15, K18-16) were studied on the remains of first terrace. Excavated deposits are<br>represented by leafy peat of varying degrees of decomposition with silt lenses. The laboratory<br>studies of sediments included radiocarbon dating, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses.<br>They were carried out in Laboratory of St-Petersburg State University and Russian chemical-<br>analytical Lab on the Spitsbergen archipelago.<br>The pollen analysis of two sections from Coles River valley allowed us to reconstruct<br>paleovegetation changes. Samples from K18-15 site contain more mineral components and more<br>pollen and spores than samples from K18-16 site. This is probably due to the inflow of pollen<br>with water. The main components of spore-pollen spectra are Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Salix and<br>Betula sect. Nanae. The relationship between these taxa shows a different degree of moisture of<br>the study area under the dominance of the grass - sedge tundra. Thus, a significant influence on<br>the formation of spores and pollen spectra in the studied deposits is played by the dynamics of<br>the sedimentation.<br>Results of radiocarbon dating showed that studied deposits formed during mid and late<br>Holocene.<br>A generalization of all available palynological data on the Nordenskjöld land made it possible to<br>construct a scheme of dwarf birch (Betula sect. Nanae) distribution during the Middle and Late<br>Holocene. A comparison of received data with our previous data and published data from<br>Nordenskiöld Land shows the asynchronous of appear and distribution of shrubs on these area<br>from ~5000 to ~2500 yrs ago.</p>

Late Quaternary Pollen Record from Cheyenne Bottoms, Kansas

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen G. Fredlund
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Wetland Loss ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Cheyenne Bottoms ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Biostratigraphic Units

AbstractA sediment and pollen record from Cheyenne Bottoms, a large (166 km2) enclosed basin in central Kansas, provides evidence for local and regional vegetation and climate change during the late Quaternary (ca. 30,000 yr.). Although radiocarbon dating of the carbonate-rich lacustrine sediments remains problematic, a basic chronological framework for the section is established. Two major litho- and biostratigraphic units, a Farmdalian zone (ca. 30,000 to 24,000 yr B.P.) and a Holocene zone (ca. 11,000 yr B.P. to present), are separated by a major unconformity spanning the Woodfordian (ca. 24,000 to 11,000 yr B.P.). Pollen and sedimentary data indicate a period of basin-wide drying preceding this unconformity. The sustained absence of sediment accumulation within this playa-like basin suggests that early Woodfordian conditions were increasingly arid with strengthened surface winds. Before this, persistent shallow water marshland dominated the local basin-bottom vegetation. Regional upland vegetation was an open grassland-sage steppe throughout the Farmdalian with limited populations of spruce, juniper, aspen, birch, and boxelder in riparian settings and escarpments. Throughout the Holocene, water levels within the basin fluctuated. Changes in wetland vegetation resulting from water level fluctuation have increased during the last 3,000 yr indicating that periodic episodes of wetland loss and rebound are not unique to postsettlement conditions but are an ongoing phenomenon at Cheyenne Bottoms.

Holocene vegetation and climatic change in the Peace River district, Canada

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. White ◽  
Rolf W. Mathewes
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Change ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Permanent Pond

A sediment core from a pond on the Alberta Plateau in the Peace River district of British Columbia was studied using pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating. Percentage and influx diagrams were produced, and radiocarbon dates were corrected to calendar years to calculate the sedimentation rate. The 231 cm core terminated in clay, and a basal date of 7250 ± 120 years BP was obtained, several thousand years after the recession of Glacial Lake Peace. The formation of the pond is interpreted as resulting from a climatic change, probably a transition from the peak of the Hypsithermal. Zone 1, from 7250 to 5500 years BP, is interpreted as representing a seasonal slough, with upland vegetation percentages consistent with a boreal forest. At about 5500 years BP a permanent pond with surrounding sedge wetlands was formed. Vegetation has been essentially modern during the last 3100 years. Measurements of spruce grains suggest the presence of black and white spruce throughout the pollen record. The formation of permanent ponds and wetlands on the Alberta Plateau at about 5500 years BP is thought to have been the most important vegetation change of the last 7000 years, which may have affected faunal and human populations.

scholarly journals Relationship of cyanobacterial and algal assemblages with vegetation in the high Arctic tundra (West Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago)

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Richter ◽  
Mirosława Pietryka ◽  
Jan Matuła
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
The North ◽  
Algal Assemblages ◽  
West Spitsbergen ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a study of cyanobacteria and green algae assemblages occurring in various tundra types determined on the basis of mosses and vascular plants and habitat conditions. The research was carried out during summer in the years 2009-2013 on the north sea-coast of Hornsund fjord (West Spitsbergen, Svalbard Archipelago). 58 sites were studied in various tundra types differing in composition of vascular plants, mosses and in trophy and humidity. 141 cyanobacteria and green algae were noted in the research area in total. Cyanobacteria and green algae flora is a significant element of many tundra types and sometimes even dominate there. Despite its importance, it has not been hitherto taken into account in the description and classification of tundra. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the legitimacy of using phycoflora in supplementing the descriptions of hitherto described tundra and distinguishing new tundra types. Numeric hierarchical-accumulative classification (MVSP 3.1 software) methods were used to analyze the cyanobacterial and algal assemblages and their co-relations with particular tundra types. The analysis determined dominant and distinctive species in the communities in concordance with ecologically diverse types of tundra. The results show the importance of these organisms in the composition of the vegetation of tundra types and their role in the ecosystems of this part of the Arctic.

scholarly journals Svalbamides A and B, Pyrrolidinone-Bearing Lipodipeptides from Arctic Paenibacillus sp.

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Young Eun Du ◽  
Eun Seo Bae ◽  
Yeonjung Lim ◽  
Jang-Cheon Cho ◽  
Sang-Jip Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Quinone Reductase ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Combinational Analysis ◽  
Culture Extract ◽  
The Absolute

Two new secondary metabolites, svalbamides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a culture extract of Paenibacillus sp. SVB7 that was isolated from surface sediment from a core (HH17-1085) taken in the Svalbard archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. The combinational analysis of HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic data revealed the structures of 1 and 2 as being lipopeptides bearing 3-amino-2-pyrrolidinone, d-valine, and 3-hydroxy-8-methyldecanoic acid. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues in svalbamides A and B were determined using the advanced Marfey’s method, in which the hydrolysates of 1 and 2 were derivatized with l- and d- forms of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-alanine amide (FDAA). The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were completely assigned by deducing the stereochemistry of 3-hydroxy-8-methyldecanoic acid based on DP4 calculations. Svalbamides A and B induced quinone reductase activity in Hepa1c1c7 murine hepatoma cells, indicating that they represent chemotypes with a potential for functioning as chemopreventive agents.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

Re-description of the Arctic tardigrade Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007 (Eutardigrada; Macrobiotidea), with the first molecular data for the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4196 (4) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRZYSZTOF ZAWIERUCHA ◽  
MAŁGORZATA KOLICKA ◽  
ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
5.8S Rdna

Tardigrada is phylum of micrometazoans widely distributed throughout the world, because of old descriptions and insufficient morphometric data, many species currently need revision and re-description. Tenuibiotus voronkovi (Tumanov, 2007) is tardigrade previously only recorded from the Svalbard archipelago. This species’ original description was based on two individuals with destroyed claws on the fourth pair of legs and a lack of complete morphometric data for buccal tube and claws. In this paper, we present a re-description of T. voronkovi, supplementing the original description using the original paratype and additional material from Svalbard: Spitsbergen, Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya. This species is characterised by two macroplacoids and a microplacoid, claws of Tenuibiotus type, dentate lunules under claw IV, and faint granulation on legs I–III and strong granulation on the legs IV. We include a new morphological description with microphotographs, morphometric, and molecular data (including: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), internal transcribed spacers (ITS1–5.8S rDNA–ITS2), and nuclear ribosome subunits 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA). These are the first published molecular data for the genus Tenuibiotus Pilato and Lisi, 2011, analysis of which indicated an affiliation of Tenuibiotus to the family Macrobiotidae. We found no differences in body size between individuals from different islands (Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya), but did observe variability in the eggs. After revision of the literature and the published figures, we concluded that Dastych’s (1985) report of T. willardi (Pilato, 1976) from Svalbard, was actually T. voronkovi, which has the greater distribution in Svalbard, and other Arctic locations, than previously believed. 

Pollen record of early- to mid-Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics on the eastern coast of the Yellow Sea, South Korea

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Song ◽  
Sangheon Yi ◽  
Wook-Hyun Nahm ◽  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
Limi Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Asian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Climate Dynamics ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Humid Period

To understand the early- to mid-Holocene vegetation and climate dynamics on the eastern coast of the Yellow Sea, we obtained a sedimentary core with high-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) carbon 14 (14C) data from the Gunsan coast in South Korea. The palynological analysis demonstrated that the riverine wetland meadow from 12.1 to 9.8 cal. kyr BP changed to temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in 9.8–2.8 cal. kyr BP. In addition, the cold climate from 12.1 to 9.8 cal. kyr BP became warmer from 8.5 to 7.3 cal. kyr BP. This was followed by another relatively cold period from 7.3 to 2.8 cal. kyr BP. The temperature change was mainly in response to solar factors. However, there are two relatively humid periods from 12.1 to 9.8 and 8.5 to 7.3 cal. kyr BP, which arose for different reasons. The earlier humid period resulted from strong westerlies and a rapidly rising sea level. The later humid period was produced mainly by the strong East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and may also be linked to La Niña–like activity. The cold ‘Younger Dryas’ event from 12.0 to 11.4 cal. kyr BP recorded in this study may have been produced by a North Atlantic meltwater pulse. This would have reduced temperatures that were already low because of weak insolation, and the strong winter monsoons would have increased the precipitation.

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