Gradual transition from temperature to precipitation controlled regime in Rhone River discharges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Taricco ◽  
Sara Rubinetti ◽  
Enrico Arnone ◽  
Davide Zanchettin ◽  
Angelo Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Temporal Behaviour ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
The Impact

<p>River discharge series provide large-scale hydrological information over a broad range of timescales. Despite discharge records consist of punctual measurements, they integrate variations in snowmelting, precipitation and runoff processes over the catchment till the discharge measurement site.</p><p>Discharges of the Rhone River, one of the largest rivers in Europe, have been monitored accurately during the last century at different sites. Long discharge records from seven stations along the course reveal the spatial and temporal behaviour of discharges from the source of the river to its mouth.  An accurate spectral analysis of the records, performed using advanced spectral analysis methods, allow us to extract significant periodic variations in the records at different temporal scales. Then, we analyse the sensitivity of such periodic variations to evolving hydroclimate conditions, in particular focusing on the relationship between discharge and temperature and precipitation.</p><p>The strong annual oscillation recorded at stations close to the source is almost entirely due to snow melting on alpine glaciers, closely resembling the temperature annual cycle. This remarkable agreement allows to consider the upstream discharges as a thermometer on the glacier region during the melting season. On the contrary, the decrease of the annual cycle going towards the mouth of the river and the contemporary growth of interannual components demonstrates the transition from a temperature to a precipitation controlled discharge regime.</p><p>We will finally discuss the impact of large-scale variability patterns on the detected discharge variations and associated implications for their near-term predictability.</p>

scholarly journals Temporal variability of carbon recycling in coastal sediments influenced by rivers: assessing the impact of flood inputs in the Rhône River prodelta

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cathalot ◽  
C. Rabouille ◽  
L. Pastor ◽  
B. Deflandre ◽  
E. Viollier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. River deltas are particularly important in the marine carbon cycle as they represent the transition between terrestrial and marine carbon: linked to major burial zones, they are reprocessing zones where large carbon fluxes can be mineralized. In order to estimate this mineralization, sediment oxygen uptake rates were measured in continental shelf sediments and river prodelta over different seasons near the outlet of the Rhône River in the Mediterranean Sea. On a selected set of 10 stations in the river prodelta and nearby continental shelf, in situ diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) and laboratory total oxygen uptake (TOU) measurements were performed in early spring and summer 2007 and late spring and winter 2008. In and ex situ DOU did not show any significant differences except for shallowest organic rich stations. Sediment DOU rates show highest values concentrated close to the river mouth (approx. 20 mmol O2 m−2 d−1) and decrease offshore to values around 4.5 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 with lowest gradients in a south west direction linked to the preferential transport of the finest riverine material. Core incubation TOU showed the same spatial pattern with an averaged TOU/DOU ratio of 1.2±0.4. Temporal variations of sediment DOU over different sampling periods, spring summer and late fall, were limited and benthic mineralization rates presented a stable spatial pattern. A flood of the Rhône River occurred in June 2008 and delivered up to 30 cm of new soft muddy deposit. Immediately after this flood, sediment DOU rates close to the river mouth dropped from around 15–20 mmol O2 m−2 d−1 to values close to 10 mmol O2 m−2 d−1, in response to the deposition near the river outlet of low reactivity organic matter associated to fine material. Six months later, the oxygen distribution had relaxed back to its initial stage: the initial spatial distribution was found again underlining the active microbial degradation rates involved and the role of further deposits. These results highlight the immediate response of the sediment oxygen system to flood deposit and the rapid relaxation of this system towards its initial state (6 months or less) potentially linked to further deposits of reactive material.

scholarly journals Is Diminishing Solar Activity Detrimental to Canadian Prairie Agriculture?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
The Impact

During the grain growing months of May-July, the mean temperature on the Canadian prairies has cooled down by 2ºC in the last 30 years. The cooling appears to be most certainly linked to diminishing solar activity as the Sun approaches a Grand Solar Minimum in the next decade or so. This cooling has led to a reduction in Growing Degree Days (GDDs) and has also impacted the precipitation pattern. The GDDs in conjunction with mean temperature and precipitation are important parameters for the growth of various grains (wheat, barley, canola etc.) on the prairies. In this study, we investigate the impact of declining GDDs and associated temperature and precipitation patterns on Prairie grain yields and quality. Our analysis shows that there has been a loss of about 100 GDDs over the time frame of 1985-2019. The loss in GDDs is also linked to some of the large-scale Atmosphere-Ocean parameters like the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Index (NPI) and Arctic Oscillation (AO). Our analysis suggests grain yield and quality could be significantly impacted in the coming years as solar activity continues to diminish.

Overview of current and expected seasonal climatic anomalies for the winter 2021/2022 with their possible impact on the economy, as estimated by the meteorological services of the CIS countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
V.M. Khan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Temperature Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Based on assessments of the meteorological services of the CIS countries, the skill scores of the consensus forecast for the territory of Northern Eurasia for the summer of 2021 are presented. The results of monitoring circulation patterns in the stratosphere and troposphere over the past summer season are discussed. Climate monitoring and seasonal forecasting results for the current situation are presented. A probabilistic consensus forecast for air temperature and precipitation is presented for the upcoming winter season 2021/2022 in Northern Eurasia. Possible consequences of the impact of the expected anomalies of meteorological parameters on the economy sectors and social life are discussed. Keywords: North Eurasian Climate Forum, North Eurasian Climate Center, consensus forecast, air temperature, precipitation, large-scale atmospheric circulation, hydrodynamic models, sea surface temperature, impacts

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the inflation targeting regime as the basis for monetary policy in the conditions of crisis in the economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Dziubliuk
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Monetary Regime ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Inflation targeting, as a commitment by the central bank to adhere to quantitative inflation rates, has become a fairly common monetary regime in the last few decades in developed countries and developing economies. However, the impact of the pandemic crisis on the course of economic processes has revealed serious problems associated with the low efficiency of this regime. Therefore, there is an objective need to re-evaluate the system in which the central bank focuses monetary regulation solely on price stability, ignoring other strategic directions of government policy related to the need to save economic activity and prevent a large-scale recession.Purpose. Clarification of the peculiarities of the implementation of monetary policy on the basis of the inflation targeting regime and identification of problematic aspects of this regime in the conditions of external shocks and the unfolding economic crisis.Methods. General scientific and empirical techniques and tools of economics, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, compilation and grouping are used.Results. The crisis indicates the need to build a monetary regime that would meet the interests of sustainable economic growth and social welfare. In Ukraine, there were no proper initial preconditions for the inflation targeting regime implementation. Therefore, adjusting the priorities of monetary policy in the crisis should reflect the gradual transition to a more flexible regime using monetary methods to support households and businesses, promote job creation, and stimulate aggregate demand.Prospects. Research of ways to increase the level of flexibility of monetary regulation, opportunities to expand the mandate of the central bank and improve the choice of optimal areas of influence on the economy with the help of monetary instruments at its disposal.

Characterisation of suspended particulate matter in the Rhone River: insights into analogue selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle L. Slomberg ◽  
Patrick Ollivier ◽  
Olivier Radakovitch ◽  
Nicole Baran ◽  
Nicole Sani-Kast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Rhone River ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Modelling Approaches

Environmental contextThe fate and behaviour of pollutants such as pesticides, metals and nanoparticles in natural waters will influence their effects on the environment and human health. Owing to the complexity of natural waters and suspended particulate matter (SPM) that can interact with pollutants, as well as low pollutant concentrations, determination of pollutant fate and transport is non-trivial. Herein, we report a characterisation of the Rhone River chemistry to provide insight into selecting SPM analogues for experimental and modelling approaches. AbstractSelection of realistic suspended particulate matter (SPM) analogues remains vital for realising representative experimental and modelling approaches in predicting the environmental fate of pollutants. Here, we present the characterisation of dissolved-ion and SPM compositions for nine sampling sites over the length of the Rhone River. Dissolved-ion concentrations remained stable, but SPM concentrations varied among sampling sites. Size fractionation and mineralogical characterisation of the SPM revealed that the same minerals (e.g. quartz, calcite, muscovite) constituted every size class from 0.5 to >50µm, as is usually found with allochthonous and large-scale systems. To gain insight into SPM analogue selection, aggregation kinetics of silica, calcite, muscovite, feldspars and clays were monitored in the native filtrate and related to the respective zeta potentials (ζ). An SPM mixture of calcite (49%), muscovite (14%), feldspar (23%) and chlorite (14%) proved the best match for the Rhone SPM, demonstrating that mineral surface chemistry, structure and size are all important in selecting a realistic SPM analogue for a riverine system.

scholarly journals Wavelet analysis of the Baltic region river runoff longh-term trends and fluctuations

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Andrejs Timuhins ◽  
Valērijs Rodinovs ◽  
Māris Kļaviņš
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Water ◽  
Baltic Region ◽  
Discharge Regime ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Wavelet analysis of the Baltic region river runoff longh-term trends and fluctuations The study of changes in river discharge and flood regime can provide important information on climate change and its impacts. Wavelet analysis offers new possibilities to study changes of river discharge patterns in regard to periodical processes on a background of climate change. In this study wavelet analysis was used to study long-term changes of river discharge in the Baltic region. Periodic oscillations of discharge intensity, and low- and high-water flow years are common for the major rivers in the Eastern Baltic region. Main frequencies of river discharge were estimated to be 14, 28, 37 years for the studied rivers. Wavelet analysis allowed to identify similarities between the river discharge regime, and thus, the factors influencing it. Years of maximal and minimal discharges for major rivers were identified and the impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation processes on the river discharge was studied.

scholarly journals The Andes climate and weather

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Garreaud
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Oscillation Phenomenon ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Precipitation Regimes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Andes Cordillera

Abstract. This paper documents the main features of the weather, climate and climate variability over Andes cordillera in South America on the basis of instrumental observations. We first provide a basic physical understanding of the mean annual cycle of the atmospheric circulation and precipitation and over the Andes and adjacent lowlands. In particular, the diversity of precipitation, temperature and wind patterns is interpreted in terms of the long meridional extent of the Andes and the disruption of the large-scale circulation by this formidable topographic barrier. We also document the impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature and precipitation regimes along the Andes.

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