scholarly journals The choice of a thermodynamic formulation dramatically affects modelled chemical zoning in minerals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Tajcmanova ◽  
Yury Podladchikov ◽  
Evangelos Moulas
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Diffusion Flux ◽  
Chemical Diffusion ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Positive Entropy ◽  
Admissibility Condition ◽  
Chemical Zoning ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Earth

<p>Quantifying natural processes that shape our planet is a key to understanding the geological observations. Many phenomena in the Earth are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Cooling of the Earth, mantle convection, mountain building are examples of dynamic processes that evolve in time and space and are driven by gradients. During those irreversible processes, entropy is produced. In petrology, several thermodynamic approaches have been suggested to quantify systems under chemical and mechanical gradients. Yet, their thermodynamic admissibility has not been investigated in detail. Here, we focus on a fundamental, though not yet unequivocally answered, question: which thermodynamic formulation for petrological systems under gradients is appropriate – mass or molar?  We provide a comparison of both thermodynamic formulations for chemical diffusion flux, applying the positive entropy production principle as a necessary admissibility condition. Furthermore, we show that the inappropriate solution has dramatic consequences for understanding the key processes in petrology, such as chemical diffusion in the presence of stress gradients.</p>

scholarly journals The choice of a thermodynamic formulation dramatically affects modelled chemical zoning in minerals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tajčmanová ◽  
Y. Podladchikov ◽  
E. Moulas ◽  
L. Khakimova
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Diffusion Flux ◽  
Chemical Diffusion ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Positive Entropy ◽  
Admissibility Condition ◽  
Chemical Zoning ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
The Earth

AbstractQuantifying natural processes that shape our planet is a key to understanding the geological observations. Many phenomena in the Earth are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. Cooling of the Earth, mantle convection, mountain building are examples of dynamic processes that evolve in time and space and are driven by gradients. During those irreversible processes, entropy is produced. In petrology, several thermodynamic approaches have been suggested to quantify systems under chemical and mechanical gradients. Yet, their thermodynamic admissibility has not been investigated in detail. Here, we focus on a fundamental, though not yet unequivocally answered, question: which thermodynamic formulation for petrological systems under gradients is appropriate—mass or molar? We provide a comparison of both thermodynamic formulations for chemical diffusion flux, applying the positive entropy production principle as a necessary admissibility condition. Furthermore, we show that the inappropriate solution has dramatic consequences for understanding the key processes in petrology, such as chemical diffusion in the presence of pressure gradients.

The Earth as a Gift-Giving Ancestor

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoli Ignatov
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Open Universe ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Ecological Relations

This article puts into conversation Friedrich Nietzsche’s perspectivism and a particular expression of “African animism,” drawn from my ethnographic fieldwork in Ghana. Nietzsche’s perspectivism extends interpretation beyond the human species into natural processes. Like perspectivism, African animism troubles the binaries—body/soul, nature/culture—that permeate anthropocentric thinking. Human-nonhuman relations are refigured as socio-ecological relations: the earth may be regarded as life-generating ancestors; baobab trees may approach humans as kin. These two images of the world intersect, but they do not mesh together. Nietzsche adopts perspectivism as active intersections between dynamic processes, within an open universe that has not been predesigned for humans. Animism tends toward a world of personalized relationships that would reach harmony if we would only lighten our ecological footprint. I draw upon such resonances to advance a new ethic of experiential environmentalism that treats ecological threats as lived risks and shared experiences with a lively and communicating “environment.”

PLANETARY SELF-ORGANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
OLEG IVANOV
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Type

The general characteristics of planetary systems are described. Well-known heat sources of evolution are considered. A new type of heat source, variations of kinematic parameters in a dynamical system, is proposed. The inconsistency of the perovskite-post-perovskite heat model is proved. Calculations of inertia moments relative to the D boundary on the Earth are given. The 9 times difference allows us to claim that the sliding of the upper layers at the Earth's rotation speed variations emit heat by viscous friction.This heat is the basis of mantle convection and lithospheric plate tectonics.

Ups and Downs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

Despite the dumbing-down of education in recent years, it would be unusual to find a ten-year-old who could not name the major continents on a map of the world. Yet how many adults have the faintest idea of the structures that exist within the Earth? Understandably, knowledge is limited by the fact that the Earth’s interior is less accessible than the surface of Pluto, mapped in 2016 by the NASA New Horizons spacecraft. Indeed, Pluto, 7.5 billion kilometres from Earth, was discovered six years earlier than the similar-sized inner core of our planet. Fortunately, modern seismic techniques enable us to image the mantle right down to the core, while laboratory experiments simulating the pressures and temperatures at great depth, combined with computer modelling of mantle convection, help identify its mineral and chemical composition. The results are providing the most rapid advances in our understanding of how this planet works since the great revolution of the 1960s.

scholarly journals Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets

Eos ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (27) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Michael Manga
Keyword(s):  
Mantle Convection ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals High resolution grid of potential incoming solar radiation for Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Branislav Bajat ◽  
Milan Kilibarda ◽  
Dejan Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Web Map ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model

Solar radiation is a key driving force for many natural processes. At the Earth?s surface solar radiation is the result of complex interactions between the atmosphere and Earth?s surface. Our study highlights the development and evaluation of a data base of potential solar radiation that is based on a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 90 m over Serbia. The main aim of this paper is to map solar radiation in Serbia using DEM. This is so far the finest resolution being applied and presented using DEM. The final results of the potential direct, diffuse and total solar radiation as well as duration of insolation databases of Serbia are portrayed as thematic maps that can be communicated and shared easily through the cartographic web map-based service.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVE OF USE OF REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH AND UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES IN THE AGRICULTURE OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Салават Сулейманов ◽  
Salavat Suleymanov ◽  
Николай Логинов ◽  
Nikolay Loginov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Vast Territory

The vast territory of Russia, occupied by agricultural lands, is difficult to control due to the lack of an undeveloped network of operational monitoring points, ground stations, including meteorological stations, lack of aviation support due to the high cost of maintaining staff, etc. In addition, due to various types of natural processes, there is a constant change in the boundaries of acreage, soil characteristics and vegetation conditions in different fields and from site to site. Abroad, the above mentioned problems are successfully solved due to the application of remote sensing data (RSD) of the Earth, obtained with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The proceedings, obtained (UAV), can help both to solve complex tasks of managing agricultural territories, and in highly specialized areas.

The Biotic Logic of Quantum Processes and Quantum Computation

2014 ◽  
pp. 742-810
Author(s):  
Hector Sabelli ◽  
Louis H. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Dynamic Logic ◽  
Quantum Measurements ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Quantum Processes ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Mathematical Equations ◽  
Low Entropy

This chapter explores how the logic of physical and biological processes may be employed in the design and programing of computers. Quantum processes do not follow Boolean logic; the development of quantum computers requires the formulation of an appropriate logic. While in Boolean logic, entities are static, opposites exclude each other, and change is not creative, natural processes involve action, opposition, and creativity. Creativity is detected by changes in pattern, diversification, and novelty. Causally-generated creative patterns (Bios) are found in numerous processes at all levels of organization: recordings of presumed gravitational waves, the distribution of galaxies and quasars, population dynamics, cardiac rhythms, economic data, and music. Quantum processes show biotic patterns. Bios is generated by mathematical equations that involve action, bipolar opposition, and continuous transformation. These features are present in physical and human processes. They are abstracted by lattice, algebras, and topology, the three mother structures of mathematics, which may then be considered as dynamic logic. Quantum processes as described by the Schrödinger’s equation involve action, coexisting and interacting opposites, and the causal creation of novelty, diversity, complexity and low entropy. In addition to ‘economic’ (not entropy producing) reversible gates (the current goal in the design of quantum gates), irreversible, entropy generating, gates may contribute to quantum computation, because quantum measurements, as well as creation and decay, are irreversible processes.

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