scholarly journals Solar resource assessment in Ireland, comparison of satellite data versus ground measurement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Chouleur ◽  
Bianca Morandi ◽  
Shane Martin ◽  
Stefan Mau
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Ground Measurement ◽  
Resource Industry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Solar Resource ◽  
Derived Data

<p>Accurate solar resource assessments are essential to project a solar photovoltaic (PV) plant’s energy production – and ultimately forecast its revenue.</p><p>Solar resource assessments are the bedrock of the ‘Revenue’ line in PV financial models. In today’s competitive financing environment, the assumptions underlying solar resource assessment often have make-or-break impact on project valuations. It’s critical that investors trust the numbers provided.</p><p>To quantify solar resource, industry typically compares different irradiation databases derived from multiple physical sources – whether measurements or satellite images. There is always some level of scatter; in Western Europe this is often around 3%, after excluding outliers.  Satellite database are never as good as accurate ground measurement.  And the rather narrow variation observed is due to past calibration of satellite derived model with data from weather stations.  The reality can be different when it comes to Ireland. </p><p>The solar sector is currently experiencing a rapid development in the Republic of Ireland, making the yield assessment and by extension the solar resource estimation key for the bankability of the projects.</p><p>The aim of our work was the validate the accuracy of different databases, available in Ireland.</p><p>The first step of this analysis will be to qualify our data sources. Everoze and Brightwind have access to measurement campaigns from multiple solar projects in Ireland. All the gathered dataset will be processed, applying state of the art quality control, to retain only trustable information.  The quality check will also include the sensors themselves, with a verification of the accuracy and calibration certificates of the different pieces of equipment.</p><p>In a second step, the qualified datasets will be used to compare satellite derived data.  We plan to use CAMS, SolarGIS and Meteonorm.  The intention is to categorise our results in regions, classified based on the difference in annual irradiation between different databases in order to reduce uncertainty – and ultimately boost investor confidence in energy yield assessments.</p>

scholarly journals Validation of an hourly resolved global aerosol model in answer to solar electricity generation information needs

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3777-3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schroedter-Homscheidt ◽  
A. Oumbe
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
Solar Resource ◽  
Generation Information

Abstract. Solar energy applications need global aerosol optical depth (AOD) information to derive historic surface solar irradiance databases from geostationary meteorological satellites reaching back to the 1980's. This paper validates the MATCH/DLR model originating in the climate community against AERONET ground measurements. Hourly or daily mean AOD model output is evaluated individually for all stations in Europe, Africa and the Middle East – an area highly interesting for solar energy applications being partly dominated by high aerosol loads. Overall, a bias of 0.02 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.23 are found for daily mean AOD values, while the RMSE increases to 0.28 for hourly mean AOD values. Large differences between various regions and stations are found providing a feedback loop for the aerosol modelling community. The difference in using daily means versus hourly resolved modelling with respect to hourly resolved observations is evaluated. Nowadays state-of-the-art in solar resource assessment relies on monthly turbidity or AOD climatologies while at least hourly resolved irradiance time series are needed by the solar sector. Therefore, the contribution of higher temporally modelled AOD is evaluated.

scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDENTIAL MICRO-DISTRICTS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA: 1950S - 1970S

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Andrii Markovskyi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post War

The article, based on previous research, presents a summary comparative analysis of factors and factors that directly influenced the formation and development of compact micro-district housing in the USSR, Eastern and Western Europe and North America in the postwar period. The emphasis is on comparing the initial factors and subsequent operation, "success" or "failure" of the relevant projects in terms of the experience of the coming decades, which is extrapolated to the current construction situation. The urgent need for the rapid resettlement of large numbers of new urban populations, induced by the rapid urbanization of the mid-twentieth century, in Europe and the USSR was greatly exacerbated by the great destruction of housing during World War II. In the Soviet Union, this housing crisis had a corresponding negative background since the early 1920s, which only increased over time. These factors, combined with the rapid development of the engineering and construction industry and the background of post-war technological progress, led to the appeal of both architectural and power elites to functionalism and modernism in residential development and the crystallization of the idea of mass construction of affordable multi-storey housing with social infrastructure, grouped into micro-districts. However, the difference in economic conditions between the market and planned economy, on the one hand, and historically formed social factors in Europe and North America, on the other, led to different results with similar construction techniques in style and conditions in the 1950s - 1960s (which received the common name "international style"). 

scholarly journals Validation of an hourly resolved global aerosol model in answer to solar electricity generation information needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 31917-31953
Author(s):  
M. Schroedter-Homscheidt ◽  
A. Oumbe
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Aerosol Model ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
Solar Resource ◽  
Generation Information

Abstract. Solar energy applications need global aerosol optical depth (AOD) information to derive historic surface solar irradiance databases from geostationary meteorological satellites reaching back to the 1980's. This paper validates the MATCH/DLR model originating in the climate community against AERONET ground measurements. Hourly or daily mean AOD model output is evaluated individually for all stations in Europe, Africa and the Middle East – an area highly interesting for solar energy applications being partly dominated by high aerosol loads. Overall, a bias of 0.02 and a root mean square error of 0.23 are found for daily mean AOD values, while the RMSE increases to 0.28 for hourly mean AOD values. Large differences between various regions and stations are found providing a feedback loop for the aerosol modelling community. The difference in using daily means versus hourly resolved modelling with respect to hourly resolved observations is evaluated. Nowadays state of the art in solar resource assessment relies on monthly turbidity or AOD climatologies while at least hourly resolved irradiance time series are needed by the solar sector. Therefore, the contribution of higher temporally modelled AOD is evaluated.

Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean, 1800-1850

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantina Zanou
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Space ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Italian Peninsula ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Multicultural Context ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ugo Foscolo ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Republic

Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean, 1800–1850: Stammering the Nation investigates the long process of transition from a world of empires to a world of nation-states by narrating the biographies of a group of people who were born within empires but came of age surrounded by the emerging vocabulary of nationalism, much of which they themselves created. It is the story of a generation of intellectuals and political thinkers from the Ionian Islands who experienced the collapse of the Republic of Venice and the dissolution of the common cultural and political space of the Adriatic, and who contributed to the creation of Italian and Greek nationalisms. By uncovering this forgotten intellectual universe, Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean retrieves a world characterized by multiple cultural, intellectual, and political affiliations that have since been buried by the conventional narrative of the formation of nation-states. The book rethinks the origins of Italian and Greek nationalisms and states, highlighting the intellectual connection between the Italian peninsula, Greece, and Russia, and re-establishing the lost link between the changing geopolitical contexts of western Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Balkans in the Age of Revolutions. It re-inscribes important intellectuals and political figures, considered ‘national fathers’ of Italy and Greece (such as Ugo Foscolo, Dionysios Solomos, Ioannis Kapodistrias, and Niccolò Tommaseo), into their regional and multicultural context, and shows how nations emerged from an intermingling, rather than a clash, of ideas concerning empire and liberalism, Enlightenment and religion, revolution and conservatism, and East and West.

Dynamic network intelligent hybrid recommendation algorithm and its application in online shopping platform

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Gao ◽  
Haiming Liang ◽  
Bingzhen Sun
Keyword(s):  
Online Shopping ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Recommendation Algorithm ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hybrid Recommendation ◽  
Novel Model

With the rapid development of e-commerce, whether network intelligent recommendation can attract customers has become a measure of customer retention on online shopping platforms. In the literature about network intelligent recommendation, there are few studies that consider the difference preference of customers in different time periods. This paper proposes the dynamic network intelligent hybrid recommendation algorithm distinguishing time periods (DIHR), it is a integrated novel model combined with the DEMATEL and TOPSIS method to solved the problem of network intelligent recommendation considering time periods. The proposed method makes use of the DEMATEL method for evaluating the preference relationship of customers for indexes of merchandises, and adopt the TOPSIS method combined with intuitionistic fuzzy number (IFN) for assessing and ranking the merchandises according to the indexes. We specifically introduce the calculation steps of the proposed method, and then calculate its application in the online shopping platform.

386 An Exploratory Study of Bedtime Procrastination and Emotional Regulation Strategies in Insomnia compared to healthy individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A153-A153
Author(s):  
Goeun Kim ◽  
Hyojin Nam ◽  
Huisu Jeon ◽  
Sooyeon Suh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination

Abstract Introduction Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of voluntarily delaying going to bed, without having external reasons for doing so. Recent research on procrastination behavior suggests that when negative emotions are elevated, procrastination behaviors can be triggered in order to find pleasure to avoid and alleviate them. Procrastination can also occur when there is difficulty regulating emotions. In addition, the reason for bedtime procrastination may be different depending on whether the individuals present with insomnia. According to previous studies, patients with insomnia may exhibit more pronounced negative avoidance of bedtime due to prolonged sleeplessness. Therefore, this study compared the difference between of the bedtime procrastination and the emotional regulation strategies between the insomnia group and the healthy group. Methods This study was conducted in 582 adults (mean age 23.06 ±2.16 years), 81.6% females. Individuals scoring higher than 15 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were classified into the insomnia group (n=375), and those less than 15 were classified into the healthy group (n=207). Participants completed the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Emotional Regulation Strategies Checklist. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square test, and independent t tests. Results The insomnia group had significantly higher bedtime procrastination scores than the healthy group (t=-6.241, p<.001), and also the avoidant/distractive regulation style score was significantly higher (t=-1.969, p<.05). In addition, the score of active regulation style was significantly lower in the insomnia group than in the healthy group (t=3.050, p<.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the support-seeking regulation style. Conclusion Based on these results, it was confirmed that there was a difference in the bedtime procrastination and the emotional regulation strategies between the insomnia group and the healthy group. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)

scholarly journals Investigating the Temporal Effect of User Preferences with Application in Movie Recommendation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jun Li ◽  
Qiang Dong ◽  
Yan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
Temporal Effect ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Target User ◽  
The Difference

As the rapid development of mobile Internet and smart devices, more and more online content providers begin to collect the preferences of their customers through various apps on mobile devices. These preferences could be largely reflected by the ratings on the online items with explicit scores. Both of positive and negative ratings are helpful for recommender systems to provide relevant items to a target user. Based on the empirical analysis of three real-world movie-rating data sets, we observe that users’ rating criterions change over time, and past positive and negative ratings have different influences on users’ future preferences. Given this, we propose a recommendation model on a session-based temporal graph, considering the difference of long- and short-term preferences, and the different temporal effect of positive and negative ratings. The extensive experiment results validate the significant accuracy improvement of our proposed model compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Evaluation Changes in Indicators of Oncological Service in Colorectal Cancer in East Kazakhstan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 9-10 (219-220) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Yerkezhan Zhadykova ◽  
◽  
Sauirbay Sakhanov ◽  
Dulat Turebayev ◽  
Dariyana Kulmirzayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic

About 3.15 million new cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) are predicted and it is expected that about 1.62 million human will die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an analysis studying studying the indicators of the oncological service for CRC also makes it possible to evaluate the ongoing anti-cancer measures in East Kazakhstan region. Aim. Evaluate some indicators of the oncological service at CRC in East Kazakhstan region in 2009 to 2018. Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual form No. 7 and 35 regarding CRC (ICD 10 – C18-21) for 2009-2018 in East Kazakhstan region – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method. Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 3,661 new cases of CRC were registered in East Kazakhstan region for the first time. The incidence of CRC was 25.30/0000 and in dynamics tended to increase from 21.90/0000 (2009) to 25.70/0000 in 2018, the difference was statistically significant (t=1.99 and p=0.047). The mortality rate from CRC tended to decrease from 15.50/0000 to 14.70/0000 (p=0.591), and the average annual mortality rate from CRC was 15.60/0000. The indicators of early diagnosis (the proportion of patients with stage I-II) improved from 58.8% (2009) to 62.3% in 2018, and, accordingly, the indicators of the proportion of neglected patients significantly decreased with stage III (from 25.5% to 20.8%), while with stage IV (from 15.7% to 16.9%) there is a slight increase. The indicators of morphological verification in CRC improved from 90.5% to 98.6% during the studied years. Conclusion. An improvement in the indicators of morphological verification and early diagnosis of CRC was found. The obtained results are recommended to be used for monitoring anti-cancer measures in the region. Keywords: colorectal cancer, incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification.

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