Ariel - The ESA M4 Space Mission to Focus on the Nature Of Exoplanets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Lueftinger ◽  
Giovanna Tinetti ◽  
Paul Ecclestone ◽  
Jean-Christophe Salvignol ◽  
Salma Fahmy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Mission ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Additional Contribution ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Cosmic Vision ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing ◽  
Habitable Zones ◽  
Exoplanetary Atmospheres ◽  
Large Survey

<p>Ariel, the atmospheric remote-sensing infrared exoplanet large-survey, is the recently adopted M4 mission within the Cosmic Vision science programme of ESA. The goal of Ariel is to investigate the atmospheres of planets orbiting distant stars in order to address the fundamental questions on how planetary systems form and evolve and to investigate in unprecedented detail the composition of a large number of exoplanetary atmospheres. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will observe hundreds of exoplanets ranging from Jupiter- and Neptune-size down to super-Earth size, in a wide variety of environments, in the visible and the infrared. The main focus of the mission will be on warm and hot planets in orbits close to their star. Some of the planets may be in the habitable zones of their stars, however. The analysis of Ariel spectra and photometric data will allow to extract the chemical fingerprints of gases and condensates in the planets’ atmospheres, including the elemental composition for the most favourable targets. The Ariel mission has been developed by a consortium of more than 60 institutes from 15 ESA member state countries, including UK, France, Italy, Poland, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Hungary, Sweden, Czech Republic, Germany, Portugal, with an additional contribution from NASA. In this talk, we will review the science goals of the mission and give insight into the current status, both from the ESA and the Ariel Mission Consortium point of view.  </p>

scholarly journals ArielRad: the Ariel radiometric model

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 303-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo V. Mugnai ◽  
Enzo Pascale ◽  
Billy Edwards ◽  
Andreas Papageorgiou ◽  
Subhajit Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Space Mission ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Stationary Processes ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Photon Statistic ◽  
Cosmic Vision ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Survey ◽  
Primary Mission

Abstract ArielRad, the Ariel radiometric model, is a simulator developed to address the challenges in optimising the space mission science payload and to demonstrate its compliance with the performance requirements. Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, has been selected by ESA as the M4 mission in the Cosmic Vision programme and, during its 4 years primary operation, will provide the first unbiased spectroscopic survey of a large and diverse sample of transiting exoplanet atmospheres. To allow for an accurate study of the mission, ArielRad uses a physically motivated noise model to estimate contributions arising from stationary processes, and includes margins for correlated and time-dependent noise sources. We show that the measurement uncertainties are dominated by the photon statistic, and that an observing programme with about 1000 exoplanetary targets can be completed during the primary mission lifetime.

Observability of Exo-Atmospheres in emission using Ariel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bocchieri ◽  
Enzo Pascale ◽  
Lorenzo Mugnai ◽  
Quentin Changeat ◽  
Giovanna Tinetti
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Spectroscopic Observation ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Low Snr ◽  
Cosmic Vision ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing ◽  
Statistical Sample ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Large Survey

<p>Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, is a medium-class space mission part of ESA's Cosmic Vision program, due for launch in 2029. Ariel is the first mission dedicated to the spectroscopic observation of a diverse, statistical sample of about 1000 transiting exoplanets, obtaining spectra in transit, eclipse, or both, to answer questions about their composition, formation and evolution. Ariel has adopted a four-tiered approach in which all targets are observed with different SNRs to optimise the science return from the mission. Ariel has two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) that will perform simultaneous observations across the 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range, which encompasses both the peak emission of exoplanets and the spectral signatures of key molecules. This will enable Ariel to collect statistical information on the composition and the thermal structure of exo-atmospheres, allowing it to reveal underlying trends in exoplanetary populations. In particular, transit spectroscopy is expected to provide the bulk of information on the chemical composition of exo-atmospheres, while eclipses are necessary to constrain their thermodynamic state. In this framework, I report a preliminary study of Ariel targets observed in emission: at first, I investigate the information content from Tier 1 data, where spectra from the full population of Ariel targets are observed with low SNR, and binned as if Ariel were a multi-band photometer to increase the SNR. I then investigate the effectiveness of Ariel in detecting chemical-physical trends in exoplanetary populations observed in Tier 2, designed to reach SNR in excess of 7 on spectra binned to roughly half the spectral resolution of the focal planes, as specified by the mission requirements.</p>

PAOS, the Physical Optics Propagation model of the Ariel optical system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bocchieri ◽  
Enzo Pascale
Keyword(s):  
Extrasolar Planets ◽  
Optical Design ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Physical Optics ◽  
Cosmic Vision ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing ◽  
Cassegrain Telescope

<p>Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, is a medium-class space mission part of ESA's Cosmic Vision programme, due for launch in 2029. Ariel will survey a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets in the visible and infrared spectrum to answer questions about their composition, formation and evolution. Ariel mounts an off-axis Cassegrain telescope with a 1100 mm x 730 mm elliptical mirror and has two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) that cover the 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. To study the Ariel optical performance and related systematics, we developed PAOS, the Proper Ariel Optical Simulator, an End-to-End physical optics propagation model of the Ariel Telescope and subsystems based on PROPER, an optical propagation library for IDL, Python and Matlab. PAOS is a Python code that consists of a series of calls to PROPER library functions and procedures that reproduces the Ariel optical design, interleaved with additional code that can be specified according to the simulation. Using PAOS, we can investigate how diffraction affects the electromagnetic wavefront as it travels through the Ariel optical systems and the resulting PSFs in the photometric and spectroscopic channels of the mission. This enables to perform a large number of detailed analyses, both on the instrument side and on the optimisation of the Ariel mission. In particular, PAOS can be used to support the requirement on the maximum amplitude of the aberrations for the manufacturing of the Ariel primary mirror, as well as to develop strategies for in-flight calibration, e.g. focussing procedures for the FGS and AIRS focal planes, and to tackle systematics such as pointing jitter and vignetting. With the Ariel mission now in the process of finalizing the instrument design and the data analysis techniques, PAOS will greatly contribute in evaluating the Ariel payload performance with models to be included in the existing Ariel simulators such as ArielRad, the Ariel Radiometric model, and ExoSim, the Exoplanet Observation simulator, for the purpose of studying and optimising the science return from Ariel.</p>

scholarly journals Current Status of Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT302)

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotake Kobayashi ◽  
Tetsuo Tatsumi ◽  
Takashi Nakashima ◽  
Isashi Takehara ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
New Energy

In Japan, from the point of view of energy saving and environmental protection, a 300kW Ceramic Gas Turbine (CGT) Research and Development program started in 1988 and is still continuing as a part of “the New Sunshine Project” promoted by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITT). The final target of the program is to achieve 42% thermal efficiency at 1350°C of turbine inlet temperature (TIT) and to keep NOx emissions below present national regulations. Under contract to the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI) has been developing the CGT302 with Kyocera Corporation and Sumitomo Precision Products Co., Ltd. By the end of the fiscal year 1996, the CGT302 achieved 37.0% thermal efficiency at 1280°C of TIT. In 1997, TIT reached 1350°C and a durability operation for 20 hours at 1350°C was conducted successfully. Also fairly low NOx was proved at 1300°C of TIT. In January 1998, the CGT302 has achieved 37.4% thermal efficiency at 1250°C TIT. In this paper, we will describe our approaches to the target performance of the CGT302 and current status.

scholarly journals The Port of Manzanillo from the Point of View of Economy of Organization

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Irving Daniel Agustín Cruz
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Trigger Factor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Free Access ◽  
System Data ◽  
Port System ◽  
Minimal Effort

Globalization has become a trigger factor in international trade due to its role as an integral part of the world economy and social standardization in the context of technological, cultural and universal knowledge which allows free access to resource with minimal effort.  The study is a contribution to theories based on the Industry, the Dynamic Resources and Institutions; all around the Mexican Port System. Data was gathered using a qualitative approach of literature review about the current status of the ports and its global environment. The results were organized around the statement of the problem and research objective that guide the study. The results indicated that Manzanillo Port holds dynamic capabilities that increase its competitiveness in the global port industry as strategic locations, and its natural and human resources.

scholarly journals Autonomous Shipping and Cybersecurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (25) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jaime Pancorbo Crespo ◽  
Luis Guerrero Gomez ◽  
Javier Gonzalo Arias
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Classification Society

Currently, as a result of new communications technologies, autonomous ships are even closer to our seas than we could think. But, besides un-doubted advantages, it gives rise to uncertainties and challenges in several aspects, which include those related to the fields of cybersecurity and legislation, in relation to international regulations and national laws. The aspects of autonomous shipping are included in the information regulations of Bureau Veritas, and additional specific tags have been created to collect the cybersecurity/cyberprotection aspects of such ships. The objective of this article is to present the current status and the foreseeable evolution of the regulations on autonomous shipping from the point of view of a Classification Society, as well as the current evolution of the methodologies concerning cybersecurity.

scholarly journals Molecular Targets for Gastric Cancer Treatment and Future Perspectives from a Clinical and Translational Point of View

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5216
Author(s):  
Justus Körfer ◽  
Florian Lordick ◽  
Ulrich T. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Metastatic Gastric Cancer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Definition Of

Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Systemic treatment comprising chemotherapy and targeted therapy is the standard of care in advanced/metastatic gastric cancer. Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinomas by the TCGA Consortium and ACRG has resulted in the definition of distinct molecular subtypes. These efforts have in parallel built a basis for the development of novel molecularly stratified treatment approaches. Based on this molecular characterization, an increasing number of specific genomic alterations can potentially serve as treatment targets. Consequently, the development of promising compounds is ongoing. In this review, key molecular alterations in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancers will be addressed. Finally, the current status of the translation of targeted therapy towards clinical applications will be reviewed.

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative: Interim Results and Challenges During Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
N. Pyzhikov ◽  
E. Gushchin
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road

The article analyses the current status of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), its key achievements and challenges, including those related to the COVID 19 pandemic. In the 2010s China has become one of world’s largest investors and BRI is one of the most important tools of Chinese investment policy. Due to its flexible structure, BRI has been able to adjust and develop in the context of the U.S. – China trade war and the growing anti-Chinese sentiment in the world that included the concerns over so called China’s debt diplomacy. But this lack of rigidity is also a challenge to those who study BRI because there is no official list of projects (estimations vary between 118 and 374) and countries participating in BRI (up to 138). China’s key BRI partner is Pakistan. The total value of projects implemented by China in Pakistan as part of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor was initially estimated at $46 billion but now exceeds $70 billion (new projects were signed even during the pandemic). BRI is increasing the number of its participants. In March 2019 Italy became the first G7 country to sign a BRI MoU with China. While implementing BRI China has faced such challenges as rising concerns of “China’s debt trap”, as well as ecological and political issues. In 2020 BRI is facing a new challenge with the COVID-19 pandemic. Some BRI projects were postponed because of the pandemic, but in some cases they were unaffected. There are 64 out of 138 countries participating in BRI that come from low and lower-middle income groups according to the World Bank classification. Their average ratio of foreign debt to GDP was 54% in 2018–2019. It is most likely that these countries will be hit hard by the coronacrisis. Thus the pandemic will encourage China to tighten the selection process for BRI projects with a focus on the most strategically important and cost effective ones. From the point of view of China’s BRI partners, the effect can be two-fold: the most unstable economies will increase their dependence on China, while with the economically strong countries China will be more willing to make concessions and offer more favorable conditions for cooperation.

BIM Technology in the Application and Development of China's Construction Industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 519-520 ◽  
pp. 1451-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Kun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Current Status

BIM technology used more widely in construction industry in developed countries in Europe and the United States, the integration of building information modeling (BIM) in the domestic large-scale propulsion was still difficult, and further the trend of widening the gap with foreign advanced level. In order to identify problems and solve the current status quo, and cut into the integrated information from project management point of view of China's architectural design, and analysis the status quo of BIM technology in our project management and developmental disabilities, and BIM-based technology and related parties mutual relations, to explain the development prospects of its application in China.

LOFAR4SW – Space Weather Science and Operations with LOFAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Rothkaehl ◽  
Barbara Matyjasiak ◽  
Carla Baldovin ◽  
Mario Bisi ◽  
David Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Radio Telescope ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
Horizon 2020 ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Areas Of Interest

<p>Space Weather (SW) research is a very important topic from the scientific, operational and civic society point of view. Knowledge of interactions in the Sun-Earth system, the physics behind observed SW phenomena, and its direct impact on modern technologies were and will be key areas of interest.  The LOFAR for Space Weather (LOFAR4SW) project aim is to prepare a novel tool which can bring new capabilities into this domain. The project is realised in the frame of a Horizon 2020 INFRADEV call.  The base for the project is the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) - the worlds largest low frequency radio telescope, with a dense core near Exloo in The Netherlands and many stations distributed both in the Netherlands and Europe wide with baselines up to 2000 km.  The final design of LOFAR4SW will provide a full conceptual and technical description of the LOFAR upgrade, to enable simultaneous operation as a radio telescope for astronomical research as well as an infrastructure working for Space Weather studies.  In this work we present the current status of the project, including examples of the capabilities of LOFAR4SW and the project timeline as we plan for the Critical Design Review later in 2021.</p>

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