scholarly journals In my remembered country: what poetry tells us about the changing perceptions of volcanoes between the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Arianna Soldati ◽  
Sam Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In this study we investigate what poetry written about volcanoes from the 1800s to the present day reveals about the relationship between volcanoes and the societies and times represented by poets who wrote about them, including how it evolved over that time frame. In order to address this research question, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of a selection of 34 English-language poems written about human–volcano interactions. Firstly, we identified the overall connotation of each poem. Then, we recognised specific emerging themes and grouped them in categories. Additionally, we performed a quantitative analysis of the frequency with which each category occurs throughout the decades of the dataset. This analysis reveals that a spiritual element is often present in poetry about volcanoes, transcending both the creative and destructive power that they exert. Furthermore, the human–volcano relationship is especially centred around the sense of identity that volcanoes provide to humans, which may follow from both positive and negative events. These results highlight the suitability of poetry as a means to explore the human perception of geologic phenomena. Additionally, our findings may be relevant to the definition of culturally appropriate communication strategies with communities living near active volcanoes.

scholarly journals In my remembered country: what poetry tells us about the changing perceptions of volcanoes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Soldati ◽  
Sam Illingworth
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Culturally Appropriate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In this study we investigate what poetry written about volcanoes from 1800 to the present day reveals about the relationship between humanity and volcanoes, including how it evolved over that time frame. In order to address this research question, we conducted a qualitative content analysis of a selection of 34 English-language poems written about the human-volcano interactions. Firstly, we identified the overall connotation of each poem. Then, we recognized specific emerging themes and grouped them in categories. Additionally, we performed a quantitative analysis of the frequency with which each category occurs throughout the decades of the dataset. This analysis reveals that a spiritual element is often present in poetry about volcanoes, transcending both the creative and destructive power that they exert. Furthermore, the human-volcano relationship is especially centred around the sense of identity that volcanoes provide to humans, which may follow from both positive and negative events. These results highlight the suitability of poetry as a means to explore the human perception of geologic phenomena. Additionally, our findings may be relevant to the definition of culturally appropriate communication strategies with communities living nearby active volcanoes.

scholarly journals Getting to Hope: Perspectives from Patients and Caregivers Living with Chronic Childhood Illness

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Emily von Scheven ◽  
Bhupinder K. Nahal ◽  
Rosa Kelekian ◽  
Christina Frenzel ◽  
Victoria Vanderpoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Virtual Focus Groups ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chronic Childhood ◽  
Research Studies

Promoting hope was identified in our prior work as the top priority research question among patients and caregivers with diverse childhood-onset chronic conditions. Here, we aimed to construct a conceptual model to guide future research studies of interventions to improve hope. We conducted eight monthly virtual focus groups and one virtual workshop with patients, caregivers, and researchers to explore key constructs to inform the model. Discussions were facilitated by Patient Co-Investigators. Participants developed a definition of hope and identified promotors and inhibitors that influence the experience of hope. We utilized qualitative methods to analyze findings and organize the promotors and inhibitors of hope within three strata of the socio-ecologic framework: structural, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Participants identified three types of interventions to promote hope: resources, navigation, and activities to promote social connection. The hope conceptual model can be used to inform the selection of interventions to assess in future research studies aimed at improving hope and the specification of outcome measures to include in hope research studies. Inclusion of the health care system in the model provides direction for identifying strategies for improving the system and places responsibility on the system to do better to promote hope among young patients with chronic illness and their caregivers.

Military Targeting in the Context of Self-Defence Actions

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Green ◽  
Christopher P.M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Jus In Bello ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
Jus Ad Bellum ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Defence ◽  
Selection Of

For self-defence actions to be lawful, they must be directed at military targets. The absolute prohibition on non-military targeting under the jus in bello is well known, but the jus ad bellum also limits the target selection of states conducting defensive operations. Restrictions on targeting form a key aspect of the customary international law criteria of necessity and proportionality. In most situations, the jus in bello will be the starting point for the definition of a military targeting rule. Yet it has been argued that there may be circumstances when the jus ad bellum and the jus in bello do not temporally or substantively overlap in situations of self-defence. In order to address any possible gaps in civilian protection, and to bring conceptual clarity to one particular dimension of the relationship between the two regimes, this article explores the independent sources of a military targeting rule. The aim is not to displace the jus in bello as the ‘lead’ regime on how targeting decisions must be made, or to undermine the traditional separation between the two ‘war law’ regimes. Rather, conceptual light is shed on a sometimes assumed but generally neglected dimension of the jus ad bellum’s necessity and proportionality criteria that may, in limited circumstances, have significance for our understanding of human protection during war.

scholarly journals CAPITALISING ON TRANSLATION MARKET DATA IN THE FIELD OF COMMERCIAL LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Edyta WIĘCŁAWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
English Language ◽  
National Court ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Commercial Law ◽  
Search Criterion ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The author presents data gathered in an online survey questionnaire (https://www.interankiety.pl/i/RGmj5rDv) which is a part of a broader research project related to the quality of translation of English language documents in the field of commercial law that are processed in the judicial registration proceedings in reference to the entities subject to registration at the Register of Entrepreneurs of the National Court Register (RP, KRS). The questions and hypotheses posed by the author relate to the relationship or comparison of nation-wide data concerning cases with foreign element in the context of the documents in translation on file in the National Court Register (source texts and their certified translations).The survey is the first stage of this project and has been ascribed a number of aims: allowing for a definition of the genre profile of the corpus texts; identifying the general sociologically conditioned tendencies in their structure; and – primarily – determining the practically feasible search criterion for compiling a design corpus for further quantitative and qualitative analysis of selected language structures (the ensuing stages of the said project). 

scholarly journals The Use of Rumination and Reappraisal in Adolescents Daily Life: Links to Affect and Emotion Regulation Style

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Zuzama ◽  
Josep Roman-Juan ◽  
Aina Fiol-Veny ◽  
Maria Balle
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis study explored the association between temperament—i.e., positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA)—and emotion regulation (ER), and what momentary factors influence the selection of rumination or reappraisal during adolescents’ daily life. The type of social situation in which negative events occurred, the self-rated degrees of discomfort, the types of predominant emotions experienced, and the use of reappraisal and rumination were assessed at 24 different times with an ecological momentary assessment approach given to 71 adolescents. PA, NA, and ER style were evaluated using self-reports. Bivariate Pearson correlations analysis revealed that NA and negative ER style correlated positively with the rumination use whereas PA correlated negatively with the rumination use. Negative ER style moderated the relationship between NA and the frequency with which rumination was used. The moderated function of positive ER style could not be tested due to its lack of association with the rumination use. Adolescents selected rumination more often during family-related events and when experiencing depression-like emotions. No interaction effects were shown between negative ER style and the momentary factors related with the type of social situation and the type of prevailing emotion during negative event. No associations between study variables and reappraisal were found. This study provides a better understanding of ER patterns in adolescence.

scholarly journals Improving the definition of fishing effort for important European fleets by accounting for the skipper effect

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Marchal ◽  
Bo Andersen ◽  
David Bromley ◽  
Ane Iriondo ◽  
Stéphanie Mahévas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Fishing Trip ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The scope of this paper is to quantify, for a wide selection of European fisheries, fishing tactics and strategies and to evaluate the benefits of adjusting the definition of fishing effort using these elements. Fishing tactics and strategies were identified by métiers choices and a series of indices. These indices have been derived to reflect shifts in tactics (within a fishing trip) and in strategies (within a year). The Shannon–Wiener spatial diversity indices of fishing tactics (FT_SW) and strategies (YE_SW) had the greatest impact on catch rates. In particular, FT_SW was always negatively correlated to catch rates. One may anticipate that during a fishing trip, vessels with high FT_SW have been searching fish aggregations for a long time, while vessels with low FT_SW have been more efficient in finding these aggregations. The linkage between YE_SW and catch rates was of a more complex nature. Adjusting fishing effort by means of (i) the métier effect and (ii) the indices of tactics and strategies generally led to a substantial gain in the precision of the relationship between fishing mortality and fishing effort.

A systematic review of research methodology in telemedicine studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Whitten ◽  
Liv Karen Johannessen ◽  
Tove Soerensen ◽  
Deede Gammon ◽  
Michael Mackert
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Patient Studies ◽  
Selection Of

We conducted a systematic review of 15 relevant databases for articles about telemedicine. After eliminating articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 1615 remained for analysis. Three raters coded the articles to assess various theoretical and methodological variables. Only 5% ( n = 85) of the telemedicine articles made mention of any theory or paradigmatic approach. Studies commonly reported the objectives (96%) but rarely stated a research question or hypothesis (11%). Randomized selection of the subjects was reported in 11% of patient studies and 4% of studies where providers were the subject. There was a wide range in the number of subjects employed, although the majority of studies were based on sample sizes of less than 100. Only 26% of the studies reported a time frame. Until the telemedicine field adheres to agreed standards of reporting methodological details it will be difficult to draw firm conclusions from review studies.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on the Relationship between Female Reproductive Factors and Longevity

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 885-886
Author(s):  
Christy Costanian ◽  
Raymond Farah ◽  
Sola Bahous ◽  
Abla Sibai
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Premature Menopause ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This review presents findings on the role of female reproductive factors on longevity.A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted using four electronic databases: OVID Medline, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar from inception until May 2020 and restricted to English language articles that tackle the relationship between reproductive factors and longevity in its various definitions. Our search yielded a total of 306 articles. After screening based on the eligibility criteria,37 articles were included for review. The majority of studies were prospective and conducted in Western populations. The most consistent findings were between parity and increased longevity. The role of ages at menarche and menopause, premature menopause, as well as reproductive lifespan on longevity were not conclusive. Whether gender of offspring is related to maternal longevity is yet to be fully elucidated.Variations in findings are in the majority due to differentials in the definition of longevity as an outcome. Further longitudinal studies based in developing countries are needed to examine reproductive factors related to longevity.

scholarly journals Summarizing current refractory disease definitions in rheumatoid arthritis and polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: systematic review

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema Chaplin ◽  
Lewis Carpenter ◽  
Anni Raz ◽  
Elena Nikiphorou ◽  
Heidi Lempp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Refractory Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Biologic Dmard ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Abstract Objectives To identify how refractory disease (or relevant terminology variations) in RA and polyarticular JIA (polyJIA) is defined and establish the key components of such definitions. Methods Searches were undertaken of English-language articles within six medical databases, including manual searching, from January 1998 to March 2020 (PROSPERO: CRD42019127142). Articles were included if they incorporated a definition of refractory disease, or non-response, in RA/polyJIA, with clear components to the description. Qualitative content analysis was undertaken to describe refractory disease in RA/polyJIA and classify each component within each definition. Results Of 6251 studies screened, 646 met the inclusion criteria; 581 of these applied non-response criteria while 65 provided refractory disease definitions/descriptions. From the non-response studies, 39 different components included various disease activity measures, emphasizing persistent disease activity and symptoms, despite treatment with one or more biologic DMARD (bDMARD). From papers with clear definitions for refractory disease, 41 components were identified and categorized into three key themes: resistance to multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action, typically two or more bDMARDs; persistence of symptoms and disease activity; and other contributing factors. The most common term used was ‘refractory’ (80%), while only 16.9% reported explicitly how their definition was generated (e.g. clinical experience or statistical methods). Conclusion Refractory disease is defined as resistance to multiple drugs with different mechanisms of action by persistence of physical symptoms and high disease activity, including contributing factors. A clear unifying definition needs implementing, as the plethora of different definitions makes study comparisons and appropriate identification of patients difficult.

Segmentation-based Wireframe Generation for Parametric Modeling of Human Body Shapes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jida Huang ◽  
Tsz Ho Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Wireframes have been proved useful as an intermediate layer of the neural network to learn the relationship between the human body and semantic parameters. However, the definition of the wireframe needs to have anthropological meaning and is highly dependent on experts' experience. Hence, it is usually not easy to obtain a well-defined wireframe for a new set of shapes in available databases. An automated wireframe generation method would help relieve the need for the manual anthropometric definition to overcome such difficulty. One way to find such an automated wireframe generation method is to apply segmentation to divide the models into small mesh patches. Nevertheless, different segmentation approaches could have various segmented patches, thus resulting in various wireframes. How these different sets of wireframes affect learning performance? In this paper, we attempt to answer this research question by defining several critical quantitative estimators to evaluate different wireframes' learning performance. To find how such estimators influence wireframe-assisted learning accuracy, we conduct experiments by comparing different segmentation methods on human body shapes. We summarized several meaningful design guidelines for developing an automatic wireframe-aware segmentation method for human body learning with such verification.

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